THE 8EMI-WEEKLY TRIBUNE. NORTH PLATTE. NEBRASKA.
THE GREAT BATTLE
PPF55 ofevys a Antwerp ( VIY
-
W IWm 5A Thrill
A , -N Tool ''n.
The flrat irrncrnl encasement In the Vat, aometlmea known na the buttle
of Mnna-Chnrlcrnl, atnrtril Annual SO nnil reaulteil In the defeat of the French
nni Ilrltlah. They retrenteil aoulh of the Slnrne, where the aecond ircncrnl en
UiiKenirnt atnrted September 0. The line of thla dnte on the mnp alinwa the
nnnlra' pnaltlona Juat before the buttle.
The Centum right wing; wna broken up and forced bnck, hrlnainfr about
n rellrrmcnt of the whole line. The Germnn pnaltlona on September I). In the
nildat of their rrtrent, urn ahown on the mnp hr n aerlra of llKht rcctimiclcn,
while n row of darkened rcctnndca Intllcntca the cnrefullr prepared trench
line of the Alane where they atopped nnd were attacked by the nlllra Septem
ber 13.
lloth aldea now extended their llnea townrd the conat. I.licht aimnrea
ahow the npprnxlmnte pnaltlon naauiuril September 30. Ily October 13 the
alese line wna voinplele from the Alpa to the aca.
The line of September 30 nlao ahown the Germnna' errnt drive Into the
French Hue ncroaa the Meune nt HI, Mlhlrl.
Croaaed aworda mnrk the apota of the entrenched alese line where the
crentrat atruRRlea have fnkeu plnce alnce October in.
FIRST YEAR OF THE
WAR IN THE WEST
Tho first month nnd a half of tho
western campaign was mado up of
startling, swift moves. On September
12, after tho defeat on tho Manic, tho
Germans took up defensive positions
along tho Alsne river. Tho ten and a
half months since then have seen a
long deadlock.
The battle lino of tho Alsno and tho
Olso quickly extended northeast to tho
sea. Fighting has been continuous,
with tremendous losses. Tho general
situation has remained unchanged,
gains of a fow miles for ono sldo at
ono point offset by minor gains for
tho enemy In other sectors.
At tho beginning of August tho
knlncr took4 possession of tho little
otpto of Luxomburg and demanded
pasBago through Ilolglum to tho Fran-co-Uelglun
frontier.
Permission to pass denied, Von
Elnem attacked Liego (August 4),
while other German armies passed
around tho city und swept over the
lovel Belgian roads nt a terrific rato.
Tho littlo Belgian army yielded Brus
sola and fell back to Antwerp and
Ghent.
First Big Engagement.
Not until tho Germans had almost
reached tho French border did tho
first Important engagement tako placo
This Is generally known as tho battlo
of Mons-Charlorol (about August 20
28), but at tho samo tlmo there was
Eovoro fighting along tho wholo lino
through Thlonvllte in Lorralno and
along tho Vosges in upper Alsace,
which tho French had Invaded with
temporary success.
This battlo resulted In defeat for the
French and English.
Whllo obtutnlng some successes In
counter-attacks on the advancing Gor
mans at Peronno and at Gulso, tho
French wcro obliged to fall back rap
Idly to tho lino of tho River Marne.
On tho loft tho French had with
drawn to below Paris and tho western
most Gorman army, under Von Kluck,
followed,
Tho garrison of Paris was put In
thousands of motor cars and hurled on
Von Kluck'a Hank. Tho latter was not
taken entirely unawares and mot tho
attack strongly, but at tho sumo tlmo
tho army of General Foch attacked tho
German army on Von Kluck's left nnd
drovo It back.
Driven Bock From Paris.
Tho Germans had begun tho battlo
with flvo armies In lino. Tho with
drawal of tho two farthest west now
caused tho retreat of tho third, fourth
and fifth In that order, each In turn
finding lta flank oxposcd by tho with
drawal of tho troops on Its right. At
tho samo tlmo the movement on tho
east end of tho German lino was ac
celerated by a strong attack from the
French fortified zono of Verdun.
Tho German retreat was as orderly
as thut of tho French and English had
been. Tho Invaders took up nn ad
mlrablo defensive position. It ran
just north of the Alsno river, on a
Ecrlos of bluffs, then just north of
Chalons und through tho wooded,
rough regions of tho Argonno and the
Woevro, joining hands lioro with tho
troops besieging Verdun, Tho nllles
havo tried this lino In vain over since.
Both combatants now tried to turn
(ho west flank. Enormous bodies of
cavalry. On tho part of tho French
Flanders. On tho part of tho French
thero was largely tho dcslro to link up
with tho Belgians, now being attacked
In Antwerp, Tho mighty slego guns
of tho Germans mndo short work of
tho Belgian seaport, however, and It
foil on October 9. Tho romnnnts of
tho Belgian army retreated along tho
ecu coast und tho Germans in n llnnl
rush reachod Ostcnd (October IS),
Line Extended to the Sea.
Tho battlo lino of tho Alsno was now
extended to tho sea, tho Germans hold
ing tho Important French city of Lille
whllo tho allies kept Yprcs In Belgium
nnd, partly by flooding tho lowlands
hold tho position of the Ysor river and
canal.
From October 10 to Novombor 10
vfcc fought tho desperate first battlo
LINES IN THE WEST
of Ypres, when tho Germans suffered
enormous losses In attempts to break
through tho lino In Flanders and reach
Calais. They succeeded In pushing
back tho allies only a little and the
Invasion of Silesia by the Cossacks
finally Induced them to desist and
send ro-enforcomcnts to Russia.
Tho GormanB In September had per
formed tho feat of pushing a salient
Into tho French lino south of Verdun,
which terminated on tho west bank of
tho Mcuso river at SL Mlhiel; while
tho French had taken the offensive
with Bomo success In Champagne at
about tho samo time.
For tho most part throughout tho
winter tho fighting, consisted of regu
lar slego warfare, with heavy artillery
combats and mlno and counter-mino.
Tho flooding of tho River Alsno
from winter snows gave the Germans
a chanco to entrap the French troops
on tho north sldo of that river In the
vicinity of Solssons for n considerable
distanco nnd kill or enpturo most of
them (January 14).
Take Offensive In Spring.
With tho spring, the French and
English nttompted to take tho offensive
at several points. Always preparing
tho way with tens or hundreds of thou
shnnds of shells, they tried Joint after
Joint of tho German armor.
In the Vosges tho dominating height
of Hartmannswellorkopf was taken
and retaken several times In sanguin
ary chnrgos and finally remained in tho
hands of tho Fronch.
Tho salient of St. Mlhiel was also
subjected to tremendous French pres
sure on both "legs." Tho French suc
ceeded in gaining a little ground, but
tho Germans, desplto the apparent
woaknoss of tho sharp wedge they had
driven Into tho French lino, could not
bo dislodged and later succeeded In re
gaining somo of tho territory they had
lost.
Tho British also reported "victories"
at Nouvo Chapello and Hill No. GO, In
Flanders. Whether these should bo
accounted successes for tho allies is
doubtful. Tho British Buffered enor
mous losses and at Ncuvo Chapello
bungled affairs to the extent of shell
Ing their own men who had taken Ger
man trenches. In other cases they
left gallant littlo parties lodged in
enemy's trenches without supports to
bo annihilated.
Tho next development was tho un
expected use of poisonous gns fumes
by tho Germans In attacks juBt north
of Yprcs. With thiB novel weapon
thoy succeeded In taking sovoral small
villages and more than compensating
for tho British gains south of Ypres.
Tho losses of tho French, Cnnndlans
and British wero sovoro, but they suc
ceeded In stommtnir thn Gorman on
slaught effectively a fow miles back
from their former position.
Begin Series of Attacks.
The Gorman lino makes a salient at
Solssons, though not such a pro
nouncod ono as at St. Mlhiel. Tho
Fronch ndw began n series of at
tacks on tho upper side of this saltont,
to tho north of Arras. Expending hun
drods of thousands of shells, they tlmo
and ngnln blaBtcd uway tho barbed
wiro entanglements nnd concrete
trenches, held by Crown Prlnco Rup
precht of Bavaria's mon, and thon
charged across tho desolato ground for
slight gauiB.
Tho fighting centered nbout the su
gar refinery of Souchcz und tho great
uermnn work called tho I-abyrlnth
Fighting went on In cellars and tun
nels bolow tho earth and tho casual
ties wero heavy. Tho French bont tho
Gorman lino and captured tho Laby
rlnth, but whether tho gains Justified
tholr sacrlflco in human life is quos
tlonnuio.
in July, Crown Prlnco Frederick
William's army attacked in tho Ar
gonno forest, west of Verdun, nnd
euccocdod In gninlng sovoral hundred
yards of shattered woodland and cap
turlnc sovoral thousand Fro nob mon
Thero wcro rumors that tho Ger
mans wero ro-onforclng for another
great drlvo toward Culais or Pnrls,
but tho Teutonic campaign In tho
West continued to wait upon the
crushing of tho much weaker enemy
In Poland.
QOOOOOOOOOOOC
FIRST YEAR OF THE
WAR ON THE SEA
At tho end of tho first year
of war not a German fighting
craft, except submarines, Is
known to bo at large outside
the Baltic sea. Tho Austrian
warships aro confined to the up
per Adriatic and tho Turkish
fleet to the Sea of Marmora
and adjacent straits. Tho mer
chant mnrlno of tho central
European powers has disap
peared utterly from tho ocean
highways. Sixty million dol
lars' worth of German shipping
lies ldlo in the docks of New
York, whilo several times as
much is bottled up elsewhere.
At tho samo time tho German
submarines have Inflicted enor
mous losses of allied shipping.
Whllo both sides havo prob
ably concealed many losses,
tho following is a fairly accu-
j date summary of tho number
or craft which, havo been de
stroyed: Entente Allies.
Brit
Rus
French slan
2
ish
Battleships
Cruisers ...
Submarines
,.10
..12
,. 4
1
3
Auxil. cruisers 5
Gunboats, de
stroyors, and
torpedo boats 4 6
Total Japanese and
losses, seven vessels
2
Italian
of all
classes.
Teutonic Allies.
Gcr- Aus
many trla
Battleships 1
Cruisers 18 2
Submarines 9 1
Auxiliary cruisers ....19
Gunboats, destroyers,
and torpedo b6ats ...20
i a
Total Turkish losses of ves
sels of all classes, four.
Total tonnage on
tento allies 37C.770
Total tonnage,
Teutonic allies 224,746 -
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
BIG EVENTS IN FIRST
YEAR OF THE WORLD WAR
line -8 Archil like nnd Arvhdiii'hraH
Frnucla of Auxlrln alnln by Serbluu
naanaalna.
AiiKuat I Germnny declnrea wnr on
lluaaln.
AiiKuat 2 Germnn force enter Luxem
burg. Germnny demand pnaNnse
throuich IH'lxlum.
AiiKuat S KnRlnnd unnouucea alute of
wnr with Germuny.
Auicuat 7 French luMiiIe aouthern Al
an ce.
Aiijruat 8 llrltlah troopa lnnd In
France nnd IlelKlum.
Auicuat 11 Germnna paaa l.lene forta.
AiiKuat 12 IJuKluud nnd France de
clare war on A'latrlu.
Aimuat IS Auatrlaiia Invade Serbia In
force.
Auwtiat 17 HcglnnlnK" of Ave dnya bnt-
tlc between serbluua unci Auatrlnna
on tho Jndnr, ending: In Auatrliin
rout.
AiiKuat 20 Germnna enter Uruaaela.
AiiKuat 23 Genitalia enter Nnniur und
lit (nek Mona. Auatrla nunoiincea vic
tory over lluaalnna lit Kruaulk. J up ml
declnrea wnr.
Auicuat 2-t Ilrttlah bruin retreat frtfm
Mona,
AiiK"it 25 French evnciiiite Muelhnu-
aeu.
Auiruat 27 Louvnln burned by Ger
man.
AiiKuat 2S Ilnttlc off Helgoland, aev-
eml German wnrahlpa auiik.
AiiKuat 20 ltiinatiiu cruahed In three
luyn' buttle neiir Tnnuenbertr.
September O lluaalnna occupy Lent
il e nr.
September B Ilattle of the Marne be-
Kln. tirrmnn rlUt wing- deirntcu
nnd retrent bcclnK.
September 7 Maubeuiie fall.
September 12 Gerniun rrtrcut hnlla on
the Alniie.
September 20 Germnna bombard
Helm und Injure the famoii cathe
dral. October 0 Antwerp occupied by the
tirrmnn.
October 12 liner revolt atnrta.
October 14 Allien occupy Yprea. llnt-
tle beclna on Y latum.
October IB (latent! occupied by tha
Germnna.
October 10 Flrat buttle of Yprea be-
glua.
October 21 Ten dnya' bntlle before
Wuraaw enda In German retirement.
October 27 llUMalniiH reoccupy Loda
nnd Ilnilom.
October 20 Turkey beclna war on llua
aln. V
November 3 German aquuilron bom-
bnrna Ilrltlali conat.
November B Uiirdimellea forta bom
barded.
November U Talnirtnu aurrendera.
November 12 Hiiaalnua defentrd at
Llnno nnd Kutno.
November IB lluaalnna Mefented nt
Vlotalnvek.
November 17 Auatrliin victory over
SerblmiH nt vnijevo announced.
December 2 Auatrlnna occupy Ilel
irrndc.
December B Serblnna drfent Auatrlnna
n three ilnya' battle.
December O Germnna occupy I. mix.
December IB Auatrlnna cvncunle llel
icrnile,
December 10 German erutaera bom
burd ScnrboroiiKh and Ilnrtlepoul, 1B0
civilian killed.
December 20-20 Severe flffhtlutf Qu the
line of the Ilxiira river.
Jiinunry 'A, 10IB French ndvnuce ncroaa
Alane north at Solaaona.
Jiinunry 14 French driven back ncroaa
Alane river.
January 21 Nnvnl battle In North aen.
Germnn uruiored crulaer llluechcr
ati iik.
Jiiiiiinry 30 lluaalnna occupy Tabriz.
Februnry 0 Failure of Germnn nttneka
wct of Vuranw.
February K lleitlnnlnir of battle In
Knit rruaaln, cuilluur lu Kuaalnn lie
feut.
Februnry IS Germnn fnrmnl milium
rlne "blocknile" on Grout llrltnlu be
Bin.
Februnry 21 lluaalnna driven from
IluKovlnn.
Mnrch 10 Hrltlah mnke ndvnnce nt
Neuve Clinpelle.
Mnrch 21 '.vppellna bombnrd l'nrla.
Mnrch 22 Surrender of l'rxenoal to
lluaalnna.
Mnrch 31 lluaalnna Vrnetrnto Dukln
iinaa anil enter llunirnrr.
April B French beiclna violent nttneka
on Mllilcl anilrnt.
April 14 llua'aliiiia nt Sstropko, 20
miiea iiiaiue mitiKiiry.
April IS Hiiaalniia evueunte Tnrnoiv.
April 22 Second buttle of Yprea be-
Klua,
April 2B Alllea lenve Gnlllpnll penln
auln. aufferluir fearful Ioaaea.
April 21 Alllra niuinunce recapture o
i.lxernn net ua and llartmunnaelle
iv opr.
Mny IB llerlln repnrta enpture of no.
000 lluaalnu prisoner In weat Gnll
cin auu aeiaure ot three vlllairea nen
Yprea,
Muy U lluaalnna fall back from Dukln
naaa.
Muy 7 Ilcrlln report capture ot Tnr
ow with ninny ltnaalnn prlaonera.
Max German aubmnrlne alnkn the
Lnaltanln, more thnn 1.1CO toat. IIui
alma la foil retrent from Carpa
thian. May O Grrninua capture I.lban Baltic
port.
Mar 12 French rapture Ceremony,
north of Arrna, nt Brent coat.
Mny 14 American flrat aubmnrlne note
mode public.
Mar it Italy declarea wnr on Aua
trla. Mar 20 Itnllnna Invade Auatrla.
Mar 20 Itnllnna take Grodno, lluaalnna
check Uerinona nt Slcnnwa.
Mar 31 Flrat German note on aubmn
rlne reachea WnaktnKton. Zeppcllna
drop bomba In London.
June 3 I'raeinyal fnlla to Auatro-Ger-mnna.
June 10 Germnna enpture Stnnlalau.
June 11 Second U. S. aubmnrlne note
to Grrmnnr mode public. Itnllnna
take Monfalcone.
June 12 Itnllnna tnke Grndlacn.
June 10 Auatro-Gcrmana occupr Tor-
noirrod.
June 22 French tnke MeUeral.
June 23 French announce occnpntlon
of the "Labyrinth," north of Arrna.
June 24 Auatro-Germnna enpture Lcui-
berir.
June 2S Auatrlnna croaa the Dnleatcr
nt Hnllcx.
June 20 Hnllca falla.
July 2 lluaalnna drfrnt German at
tempt to Innd nt Wlndnu.
July SI Huaao-German nnvnl battle of
Gottlnnd.
July 4 Iiullnua tnke Tnlmlno,
July S Ilcrlln nnnouncca cnlna In the
ArRnnno forrat.
July 10 Germnna tnke rrananyaa, BO
mile north of Wnranw.
July 10 Germnna advance nt many
point In IliiMftln, tnklnR Wlndnu, Tu
kum. Illonde nnd Grobec.
July 20 lluaalnna report alnklng of Ml
Turklah aniline; veaaela. German
Kuna rench outer forta of AVnranw
nnd dnmnee the I.ublln-Cholm rnll
wuy. July 21 Third U. S. aubmnrlne note
Koea to Germnny.
July 22 TiirklHh-Germuu expedition
Innded In Tripoli.
July 24 Germiin tnke two forta nenr
AVnranw.
July Ufl lluaalnna repulae Auatrlnna In
Gullcln.
CAMPAIGNS OUTSIDE
BIG WAR THEATERS
In a scoro of regions thero haB
been fighting which would have hold
worldwide attention wero it not for
tho mighty battle HneB In Franco and
Poland.
Servia's own war was a greater trial
to her than either of tho two preced
ing Balkan struggles. Assisted by
Montenegro, the littlo Slavic nation
wico threw the hostB of Franz Josef
beyond her borders and Inflicted
losses of about 330,000 men, but she
suffered severely herself.
Tho Austrlnns Invaded Serbia In
great force about August 15 and pene
trated to tho .Tartar river, whero a
great five-day battle ended In the
rout of tho Teutons.
Tho Austrians returned soon In
stronger force than ever. They
reached Valjevo, whero on November
17 tho Serbians met a defeat.
With their supply of artillery am
munition exhausted, tho Serbians now
had to retreat. Tho AusOians, be
lieving them crushed, withdrew six
army corps for re-enforcements
against tho victorious Husslans In Ga-
licla.
Shells and English tars with naval
guns reached the Sorblans, and on
December 5 thoy turned on the Aus
trians and cut them to pieces.
Tho entry of Turkey Into tho war
wns marked by a brave, but foolhardy
attempt to Invade Egypt. Great Brit
ain's Indian and colonial troops throw
tho Invaders back with heavy losses.
British and Japanese troops Invest
ed the fortified Gorman port of Tsing-
tau, China, and after a siege of a few
weeks the defenders gavo up tho hope
less struggle.
A section oX the Boor population of
South Africa revolted. The revolt
was put down by a Boer, Premier
Botha. Ho then invaded German
Southwest Africa, and after a long
campaign In tho waterless deserts
captured tho greatly outnumbered
Germans (July 8).
After taking three-quarters of a year
to arm herself to tho teeth, Italy at
tacked Austria this spring. Tho offect
of tho entry of Italy upon tho arena
has not yet been marked.
-t ; ; t ; -t-
FIRST YEAR COST OF Z
WAR IN MEN AND MONEY
Only approximately accurate
tables of the killed, wounded
and missing in tho first year of
tho war are posslblo, becauso f
I'Yanco and Russia and Austria- :
J Hungary do not glvo out their
figures, whilo Germany has
changed her policy recently to :
one of secrecy. Great Britain
still tells hor losses
month to month.
from X
The following estimates aro !
believed to give a fairly cor-
iuci iucu ui iiiu cuBiiuuies:
T Teutonic Allies.
. Germany 2,300,000
Austria-Hungary 1,900,000 X
Turkey 230,000
v
f Total 4,430,000 f
Entente Allies.
Franco 1,700,000 v
.j! Russia (Including pris- .X
oiinrH. i.i7K nnni s Knn nnn
Great Britain 480,000 S
v Belgium 260,000 X
Servia 240.000 X
Japan 1,210
Italy (no reports ot -j.
X losses 75,000 X
4- Portugal (fighting In 4
X colonies) (minor)
Montenegro 30,000
4. San Marino . (?) X
A
.
Total C,2SC,210
Tho first year of tho war hnn V
J cost tho belligerent govern-
ments about $10,500,000,000 In S
g direct expenditures for mill- X
tarv nurnnspH. Thn wnr la nnw 'x.
X costing about $45,000,000 a day,
4. f2,000,opo an hour nnd $30,000 X
T a minute.
THE CHANGING BATTLE LINE IN THE EAST
j r
rUaiCKDURO
If
CRABOEMZ
aotcftwcvsK
SGtRMAN
miss
ttSHTI
il !
HWHTJDK C
0fav7.r5i4)
3 M.9u
a. u v-b & wit. a
i 5. ua-,Tfirr
The Germnna airnln hnve penetrnlcd na cloao to Wnranw na tbe atnr
which mark the "hleh tide" of Inat nutuiiin.
FIRST YEAR OF THE
WAR IN THE EAST
Tho first twelvemonth of fighting
between the Russians on ono side and
tho Austrians and Germans on
tho other is a story of great changes
of fortune, both combatants boing re
peatedly driven back only to show
tho greatest resiliency In defeat and
soon to resumo tho offensive in a most
surprising manner.
Tho end of tho year, however, finds
tho pendulum swinging strongly
against tho czar. Ho may recover
and take again the roads to Cracow,
Vienna and Berlin, but Just at pres
ent ho Is on tho wholo in worso plight
than in any hour since tho war
started.
Russia's losses In tho first year of
tho war aro not approached by thoso
of any nation In any war of history.
According to reliable estimates, she
has had botwoon 2,500,000 and 4,000,
000 men killed, injured and captured.
Desplto these horriblo gaps mado in
her ranks, sho still has millions in
tho flold, and her great reservoir of
personnel does not show signs of ex
haustion. It Is not men sho lacks, but
guns, shells and brains.
Slow to Mobilize.
On August 1, 1914, Germany de
clared war on Russia. Almost Imme
diately tho Germans crossed tho fron
tier at Thorn and the Austrians south
of Lublin. Thoy wero practically un
opposed because of the slowness of
mobilization In Russia. Tho Grand
Duko Nicholas Nlcholatevltch was
forced to gather his main arnrfes well
to tho rear of tho line of great fort
resses running through Kovno, Grod
no. Ooeowotz, Novo Georglevsk, War
saw and Ivangorod.
On account of his deslro to do all
ho could to rellovo tho French, who
wero being driven from northern
Franco by tho amazing German rush
through Belgium, Nicholas attacked
sooner than ho otherwise would havo
done. As a rosult, he mot two disas
ters. Ho sent General Samsonoff into
East Prussia from tho south and
General Rennonknmpf Into East Prus
sia from tho east, tho latter winning
tho first largo engagement of tho war
In the East at Gumblnen.
rAt this moment tho Germans, be
lieving that tho French wero well In
hand and about to bo surrounded on
their eastern frontier, quickly with
drew 250,000 men from Franco and
hurled thom by rail Into East Prus
sia, whero they fell upon Samsonoff
with crushing forco In tho groat Gor
man victory of Tannenberg (Aug. 2S).
Meanwhile, tho Austrians, leaving
only a few troops In Galicia to hold
back tho Russians advancing from
Tarnopol on tho lino of the Gnlla-Lipa,
struck tho Russians en masse, at Kras
nlk and routed them to Lublin.
Most Bloody Drive of War.
With two armies in difficulty,
grand duko decided to abandon
to Its fato and save the other.
tho
one
He
threw ro-enforcomonts into Lublin
nnd ordored tho lino of the Gnila
Lipa river be forced at any cost. In
ono of tho most bloody drives of tho
war tho Russians advanced Into east
ern Galicia and occupied Lemberg.
Tho Russians thon advanced to
Rawa Ruaka and took tho Austrian
armies In Poland In tho rear, cutting
thom up frightfully.
Meanwhile Von Hlndenburg had
completed his victory over Samsonoff
by turning on Rcnnenkampf and clear
ing East Prussia of Muscovites. But
though Rcnnenkampf had been de
feated and Samsonoff almost anni
hilated, tho Germans.
Tho Russians wcro now as far west
as Tarnow In Galicia, whilo their
Cossacks woro ablo to make raids into
Hungary farther south. Hlndonburg
concentrated a great forco suddenly
In Silesia and began a drlvo from tho
west ngalnst Warsaw and Ivan
gorod. Tho Siberian corps arrived
In tho nick of tlmo to savo Warsaw
from tho enemy.
High Tldo of Russian Invasion.
Hlndenburg then drew off tho north
ern section of his army in Poland to
the north, thinking to tako the pursu
jfA Li
.iaak . n Jr ww
'Au GUSTO
KEY
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Ing Russians lri flank with tho south
ern section. But tho Austrians were?
too slow to carry out tho flold mar
shal's plans and tho Russians, slip
ping into a gap in tho linos between
tho Germans and tholr allies, slaugh
tered the latter. The result was tho
high tldo of Russian invasion. Tho
Austrians withdrew over tho Carpa
thians again, leaving Przemysl to bo
besieged a second timo. The Ger
mans withdrew to Silesia and tho Rus
sians, following closoly, wcro nblo
for a brief moment to raid this rich
province at Pleschen. At tho same
timo they entered East Prussia,
again.
But again tho German strategic
railways proved their undoing. Hln
denburg concentrated at Thorn and.
drove into the right flank of the Rus
sian main forces, throwing them back:
on Lodz.
Ho advanced too far, however, and.
when he had tho Russian forces near
ly surriunded, ho suddenly found Rus
sians in his own roar. In this ex
tromlty, the Russians say, he tolo
graphed for re-enforcements.
But before the re-enforcements-sent
from Flanders arrived the Ger
mans had managed at frightful cost
to hack their way to safety. This was
the bloody battlo of Lodz.
Wins Second Victory.
With stronger German forces oppos
ing- them tho Russians withdrew to
the line of Bzura, Rawa and Nidn.
rivers. At the same time the Aus
trians, attempting to debouch from
tho Carpathian passes, wero driven
back everywhere, leaving 50,000 pris
oners.
With January Hlndonburg made a
third despefato attack on Warsaw.
For ton days, both night and day, the
Germans came on. Then, having lost
probably 50,000 men nnd tho Russian?
nearly as many, they gave it up.
Unablo to reach Warsaw, Hlndonburg
concentrated twlco Slever's force In
East Prussia, and won his second
overwhelming victory thero. Enor
mous captures of Russians were made
and the fortress of Grndno wns at
tacked farther west, from Ossowotr
to Pultusk. Tho Germans retreated,
to Mlawa and then tried to flank the
Russians at Przasnysz, which citj
they took. But the Russians again
Hanked tho flanking party, as tljey had
done at Lodz and won an important
success (February 22-28).
In March and April, tho Russians
pressed through tho western Carpa
thian passes and entered Hungary.
Just when their future seemed bright
est, the Germans broko tho Russian,
lino in West Galicia and let through
enormous forces.
Pressing westward Irresistibly, thoy
took tho Russian Carpathian armies in
tho rear. The latter tried to retreat
but vast numbers wero captured.
Przemysl, which had succumbed to
tho Russian besiegers March 22, fell
again Into tho hands of tho Austro
Germans. Great German Maneuver.
From Przemysl Von Mackensen.
drovo east through Mosciska and
Grodek and captured Lemberg, the
Galtclan capital. Then ho turned
north nnd marched upon tho Wnrsaw
Ivnngorod -Brest Lltovsk triangle
from tho south.
At tho samo time tho Russians la i
southern Galicia, putting up a desper
ate resistance, were driven by Von
Linsingen first to tho lino of the
Dniester and then across tho Gnila
Lipa to tho line of tho Zlota-Llpa.
Reaching the vicinity of Krasplk
in their drlvo to Warsaw from tho
Bouth, tho Austrians sustained a se
ven) check In tho scene of their tri
umph of tho previous summer. Held
on this lino tho Germans attacked hot
ly from tho north and took the town
of Przasnysz (July 14).
Tho Germans now began tho grand
est maneuver evor seen In tho history
of human warfare.
From tho Wlndnu river in tho Bal
tic provinces all tho way nlong tho
bordor of East Prussia and In n gigan
tic sweep through tho vicinity of Rn
dom, wst of tho Vistula, and a lino
south of tho Lublln-Cholm railway
thoy delivered slashing blows and
have reached tho very gates of Warsaw.