tub mi wire! V THimiNF NORTH PI ATTE. NEBR.A8KA.
HOW RIGHT CARE OF
Cutting Deadwood
(By J. C. WHITTEN.)
There Is perhaps no phase of farm
ing In which careful methods pay bet
ter than they do In fruit growing.
There is probably nothing else grown
Dn the farm that suffers more if neg
lected than docs tho orchard. Most
of our essential farm crops aro an
nuals. " Tho plants which produce them
.grow but a single season. If the farm
er neglects them, or if the season is
bad, or if mistakes aro made, tho mis
fortune which results lasts but a single
season.
Tho farmer may plant another crop
next year and start afresh with new
plants. The orchard trees aro peren
nials; once planted they should last
for years. Any misfortuno which over
takes them in a given season may
show Its bad' effect for years, or even
through tho life history of tho trees.
Mistakes made In tho management
of fruit trees may not easily bo recti
fied next year.
Again, annual farm crops live during
the favorable growing season of tho
year. They are out of the way before
winter comes.
Fruit trees must not only grow hi
summer, but must live over winter and
endure the Inclement season. They
should bo kept in the best condition in
'order successfully to do this.
Tho grower should keep tho fact In
mind that a fruit treo is at all seasons
a living, sensitive, plastic, shapablo
thing. It Is affected by everything
that is dono to It.
It will show tho results of any phase
of treatment, whether of culture or
pruning or of spraying. Whatever is
dono to it will make it different from
-what It would have been if left alone.
The farmer should Btrlve to do those
things to It which will make It bettor,
rather than bo Injurious.
.The man who begins seriously to
study his trees will soon begin to
realize more fully that they are living,
shapablo things and that they easily
ihow him by their appearance whether
ihey aro profiting or being injured by
anything which Is being dono to them.
Right now is a good time to begin
.hat study. Ono should be ablo to tell
tho ago of tho treo, or of any of its
branches. Ho should determine how
much of It has been produced each
year.
By beginning at tho outer tip of tho
limb he cun determine how much of It
grow last summer, or In any previous
season, by tho rings or circular Bears
around tho twig which mark tho spot
whore growth began In tho spring.
Rellect that growtli began in spring
from a terminal bud. As growth be
gan from tho center of this bud its
winter scales fell off, leaving semi
circular ucalo bud scars qulto close to
gether, around tho twig.
These aro tho "rings" that mark the
dividing lino between each year'B
growth. Tho amount of length growth
of each year mny bo associated with
what was dono to tho treo or by tho
character qf tho season which influ
enced that growth.
A knowledge; of tho fruit buds and
tho wood buds is important. Tho for
mer aro thoso largo, well-rounded buds
which In spring will produce blos
soms and fruit. The latter aro tho
Binaller, flatter and moro pointed buds,
which produce wood growth and
leaves. Prult-buds which will produce
llowora and fruit this spring wore
formed tho previous summer.
By their character and abundance
ono may in winter Judge tho prospect
of tho fruit crop the coming season.
From tho blossom scars and fruit
scars loft on tho branches ono may bo
ablo to toll In what years tho trees
havo homo fruit In tho past.
If tho trees havo blossomed and
fruit failed to set only tho small blos
som scar will be visible as a cluster
FRUIT TREES PAYS
Out of Tree.
of llttlp pits where tho flowers fell
from tho twig. If the fruit sot, tho
larger fruit scar will Indicate the fact.
The character of this fruit scar will
Indicate In a general way whether tho
fruit was well developed or whether It
fell prematurely.
In fact, tho characters of the twigs,
tell pretty accurately what tho trees
have been doing in past years. From
them tho skillful grower may road the
llfo history of the tree.
Careful reflection upon tho relation
between what the tree, has dono and
what has been done to tho tree may
be an important guide to tho best
methods of treatment to bo adopted.
Anything which drawiPthc grower's
attention to his trees usually results
in better care, for ho then sees what
they need, and when thoy need It.
Among tho most urgent needs of fruit
growing trees Is spraying to prevent
injury from insects and fungous dis
eases. Tho best growers are now coming to
recognizo tho fact that spraying has
becomo a necessary factor to success.
Spraying should be looked upon as
something moro than merely a means
of saving or better perfecting the lm
mediate crop of fruit.
It promotes the general health and
vigor of tho treo and may determine
tho character of a subsequent crop and
also promote the longevity of the
orchard.
Fungous disease and Insects not only
Injure the fruit crop, but they may
seriously Injure the trees by destroy
ing the leaves or by cuusiug them to
drop too early In the autumn.
Most of the most serious diseases
and InscctB may be controlled by
spraying. Dordeaux mixturo should
bo applied for the fungous diseases,
and to this paris green or some other
arsenical poison should be added for
insects.
Tho spraying should be done at the
right time. For apple scab tho first
spraying should bo mado shortly be
fore tho flowers open, just after thoy
fall and twice subsequently, at Inter
vals of ten days or two weeks.
The poison may bo put in tho two
first sprayings after tho blossoming
porlod to kill codling moth and canker
worm.
For bitter rot two later sprayings
should bo mado shortly before tho tlmo
when tho rot usually appears in the
neighborhf d.
Tho spraying should be dono thor
oughly. All parts of tho tree should
bo well covered with a fine spray.
Tho power sprayers aro moro effi
cient, as the work can be dono fai
more rapidly and tho spray can be
broken up into a fine mist and got
effectually to all parts of tho tree. Foi
all largo orchards power sprayers aro
to bo recommended.
In addition to spraying, proper prun
ing and gonernl caro aro essential.
Tho man who sprays is likely to prune,
as It enables him to spray moro ofli
clently and with less labor and less
waste of time.
All diseased or Injured fruit should
bo kept out of tho orchard. A few In
fected apples left on tho trees or un
der them may infect the orchard next
year.
ThoBe who aro beginning spraying
should send to their stato experiment
stations for freo bulletins, giving de
tailed directions for mixing and apply
ing tho sprays.
Strict Orchard Pests.
Many of tho common orchard pests
aro restricted in their rango becauso
they havo not yet reached the full
limit of their distribution.
Neglected Pigs.
Young pigs kopt in dry, dusty lots
and fed on corn exclusively will not
mako money for their owner.
GOOD
ROADS
WIDE TIRES IMPROVE ROADS
Mechanical Expert of Kansas College
Gives Farmers Advlco Baseo on
Practical Experience.
"WIdo-tlrod wagons pull moro easily
than narrow-tired ones 90 per cent of
ihe times when thoy nro used," says
F. A. Wirt, instructor in farm, me
chanics In tho Kansas stato agricul
tural collogo. Professor Wirt has just
completed experiments with wide and
with narrow-tired wagons.
Narrow tires pull harder than wide
Ures, says Professor Wirt, becauso tho
arrow tiro cuts deeper Into tho top
soil. Tho wldo tiro does not cut so
deep and makes k better track oil roads
which aro traveled whllo tho ground la
soft. Tho wldo tiro packs tho sur
face into a firm roadbed.
Tho experiments show that In corn
fields, plowed Holds, field lanes, and
on pasturo and on alfulfa land, tho
draft of tho wldo tiro la considerably
less no matter what tho condition ot
tho soil.
In places whero tho mud is deep
and rolls up on the wheels, in ruts
mado by narrow wheels, or In a sur
faco of mud with a hard ground be
neath, tho narrow tiro will pull moro
easily. Tho narrow wheel fits the
rut, on tho hard bottom of which It
runs, and It collects less mud than
the wldo tire.
Width of tiro and height of wheel
havo n great effect upon tho draft.
Tho usual width of tho narrow tiro
is one and three-fourths Inches, whllo
tho wldo tiro Is usually threo or four
Inches wide. Tho tires used In the
tests wero ono and three-fourths and
four Inches wide respectively. Six
Inch wheels aro used only on low
trucks. Ono typo of wheel raroly
found Is the low wheel with narrow
tiro. Tho draft with this is so great
that a team can hardly pull a load
hi soft field surfaces.
A farmer who can afford only ono
wagon will And many factors enter
Ing into his selection. If ho has to
go on the roads In all kinds of weath
er, ho will find tho narrow tires bet
ter becauso thoy will collect less mud
when tho roads aro bad. On tile oth
er hand, if ho goes only when tho
roads aro good, or uses tho wagon in
tho fields a great deal, ho will find tho
'X
Well-Kcpt Country Road.
wldo tiro will bo preferred becauso
of tho lighter draft and less damage
to tho fields.
Ono of tho main points in favor of
tho wldo tiros is that their use groat
iy Improves the roadbed, as they will
pack tho top soil making tho roadbed
Arm and thus enabling It to drain
well In time ot rain. The wido tire
will not cut up tho meadow or Held
as doeB tho narrow tire. This Is
also Important, as a smooth Burfaco
In tho meadow Is much easier to mow
over.
BAD ROADS CAUSE ACCIDENTS
Claims Made on Insurance Company
for Four Deaths From Mishaps
Due to Faulty Highways.
Do we need good roads? The report
3f n Chicago traveling mnn's Insur
ance organization covers tho payment'
of ten death claims for tho first 50
days of the year, nnd of these four
wero deaths resulting from motorcar
accidents due to bad roads.
It Is singular that theso four deaths
occurred one each In tho four north
western states of Minnesota, tho Da
kotos and Montana.
In each case tho traveling men's or
ganization paid $5,000.
This furnishes a striking example
of tho financial and economic loss
charged up directly to bad roads.
Meeting of Builders.
Tho American Rood Uuildors' nsso
elation and tho American Highway as
sociation nro to meet togethed for the
first time next Soptembor, Gov. C.
V. Gates announces. Tho convention
will bo held either nt Oakland, Cal.,
or San Francisco.
First Eggs to Hatch.
Tho freshest eggs nro tho first to
hatch. In buying eggs It Is well to
bear this in mind, and stipulate that
-ill ono shipment shall bo of about tho
i&mo date, Bay within three days.
The Central aays:
Cut Price
Roofing
means
'Cut Price'
Quality." Trying to
save money by purchasing
cheap roofing is nennv-
wise foolishness.
Certain-teem
Roofing
Tlii Roofing CcTtaln-leedU fruaran-
ea 5, V and 15 years for 1, 2 and 3 ply
respectively, and tills guarantee is backed
by the world's Inrsrst manufacturers of roof.
In? ami building popetn. You can save only n
few dollars on nchtnpioof, tut Cnian'tit
U always Irast expensive In the end. Uuy it
from your local dealer.
General Roofing Manufacturing Co.
WorWi larant maimAvdirrrl oJUmJtna
and UuilMng lKlprrt
HnrTfcCRr CUcu. PliUMAJa St I
Bm(m ClmUoJ PHUbtrta Ditreit StaFfsadcc
ClicUaiU M!Mli . KaiwaCiiy Sttltk
AtUata Hwloa UoJm HaaVarf Stintj
Tho shorter a young man is
brains tho longer ho Is on collars.
on
Drink Denlson'a Coffee.
Always pure and delicious.
Tho vlrtuos of somo men nro novcr
apparent until brought out by tho
criminal lr.wyors who defend them.
Most particular women use Red Cross
Hall Blue. American made. Suro to please.
At all good grocers. Adv.
It's usually too lato for congratula
tions when tho happy couplo liavo
been married moro than a week.
At the Dance.
"Havo you loarned any now stops?"
"No, but I've stepped on n lotjit now
feet." Llfo.
Lucky.
"I hear your old llame, Maud, Is a
widow."
"I always was lucky. Just think, if
I'd married her I'd bo dend now."
The Trouble.
"Did you soo whoro the Anglo-German
knight In London was told he
could not roslgn his baronetcy?"
"Yes. that was not a title ho could
sir-render."
The Borrower.
"Mr. Brown called today nnd re
turned that umbrella ho borrowed
from you a year ago."
"Huh! I suppose he's heard I've
bought a now ono."
Moro Practical.
"I sco where King Gcorgo has taken
away tho Gartor from the kaisor and
other Germun rulers."
"It would huvo dono moro good for
him to hnvo turnod tho hose on 'em."
An Added Bit of Realism.
Whllo watching an educational film
a llttlo girl's sympathy was aroused
through the affection n handsome dog
was showing his master.
"Why doesu't ho lovo tho pretty
doggy, mamma?" sho naked.
"S h," roturnod tho parent. "Ho
Is scenting a polecat."
"Oh," answered tho child. "I novcr
saw a polecat before, but I'vo smolled
thorn."
Makes
'One for Breakfast- CPf
and One for Work"
There's
SOLDIERS WHO WEAR VEILS
British Troops In Southwest Africa
Have to Conduct Campaign
Under Difficulties.
Ono of tho hottest places whero tho
British nro fighting is in German
Southwest Africa, whoro General
Dothn 1b In commnnd of an expedition
ngninst tho enemy. Tho habltablo part
of Gorman Souihwost Africa lies In
tho center of n sun-scorched, water
less, shadclcss desurt of shifting sand,
and Gcnornl Botha's men havo to carry
everything thoy need, for nothing
whatever can bo obtained from tho
country, not oven fodder for tho ani
mals. Tho sand penotratcs everywhere,
and tho heat of tho sun is bo terrific
that nil tho troops fighting with Gon
ernl Botha havo been served out with
volls nnd "goggles." Without thorn,
Indeed, It would bo impossible to got
along nt nil, and, as It Ib, hundreds
of tho Boer burghers, though hardened
campaigners, havo been bo blistered
by tho sun that thoy nro in hoBplt.il.
Tho hent nt midday Is 122 degreos
in tho shade nnd tho "shado" is a
sweltering tent. Many of tho troops
pass that tlmo of tho day with noth
ing on but n suu helmet nnd a pair
of boots.
Horte Chestnut.
"I was sitting on tho bootblnck's
stand,"- said tho story-teller, "when
tho pui'itde cntno along, tho grand
marshal riding a big bay horao nt Us
head. Well, just nB tho hoad ot tho
parade camo opposite mo, It stopped.
Tho graud marshal's horso wouldn't
go nnothor stop."
"Recognized you nB his long lost
half brother, I supposo," said ono of
his listeners maliciously.
"Think you'ro smart, don't you?
Well, I'll tell you, anyhow. It was
prida that mado that horso Btop
nothing but pride. Ho wanted his
shoes shlnod."
Not to Blame.
A largo map was spread upon tho
wall and tho teacher was instructing
tho clnsB In gcogrnphy.
"Horaco," sho Bald to a small pupil,
"when you stand In Europo facing tho
north you havo on your right hand tho
great continent of Asia. What havo
you on your loft hand?"
"A wart," replied Horace, "but I
can't help It, toachor." Brooklyn
Eagle.
He'll Get It.
"How about going to a show tonight,
Jim?"
"Not for mo. I'm going to Jiggtns'
Darty."
"Oh, como on with mo. Tho Jig
glnses nro dead slow. You nover havo
auy fun at their house."
"I know, but I need a new hat,"
His Busy Day.
Mrs. Dixon Why do you lot your
husband growl so much when you havo
company?
Mrs. Vixen That's tho only tlmo
ho gets to grumblo.
The man who chows flno cut tobac
co constdors himself higher up in tho
social scale than tho man who chows
plug.
Delays Are Dangerous.
"How Is It that Jones always acts
before ho thinks?"
"If ho thought first ho'd nover net."
a Healthy Appetite
a Reason" for
mini
No bother to
get summer
meals with"
these on hand
Vienna Style
Sausage and
Potted Meats
open and serve.
for sandwiches.
Imtit en Ltbly't at
lout S roctr'i.
Libby, McNeill & Libby, Chicago
Homely.
"Can you glvo mo any ideas about
making my ynrd moro beautiful?"
"Yes. Remain In tho house?"
ECZEMAS AND RASHES
Itching and Burning Soothed by Cutl
cura. Trial Freo.
Tho Soap to clcanso and purify, tho
Ointment to sootho nnd heal. Relief,
rest and Bleep follow tho uso of these
Buporcrcamy emollients and indlcato
Bpecdy and complete healment In most
cases ot young nnd old, oven when the
usual romcdles havo utterly failed. (
Samplo each freo by mall with Dook.
Address postcard, Cutlcura, Dept. XV,
Boston. Sold ovorywhoro. Adv.
Just Like, a Man.
"Tom," Bald tho brldo of a week,
"didn't you promlso faithfully to glvo
up smoking tho day I marrlod you?"
"Yes, my donr," replied Tom, "I bo
llevo I did."
"And now," sho continued, "I find
you pufllng n cigar, Just as though I
woron't In cxlstonco. What explana
tion havo you to oftor?"
"Well, I kopt my promlso," replied
tho husband. "I didn't smoko a single
cigar on our wedding day." Philadel
phia Public Ledger.
Oh, That Lash!
Tommy had watched tho high-hatted
and frock-coatod ringmaster for somo
tlmo. Ho was particularly Interested
in tho way ho handled tho whip with
tho long lash.
"Well, Tommy," Bald his father,
"what do you think of that fellow?"
Tho whip cracked again as Tommy
replied: "I'm glad ho iBn't my father."
Proper Course
"You, a Briton, and so unpatriotic
as to order all thoso German dishes ?"
"But I nm nbout to do tho proper
thing for a Briton -and intern them."
Her Objection.
She I don't mind lato callers.
Ho Oh, thank you.
She U'b lato Btnyors I object to.
At sixty a man knows that he didn't
know what ho thought ho knew at
twenty.
7At
tZlT P-rrolUnf
wr- ......
4tr
LOOK for the man
I who eata Grape
Nuts, and relishes his meals,
and is keen and fit for a
hard day's work.
Grape-Nuts
1 FOOD
is made from whole wheat
and malted barley with all
the essential mineral phos
phates retained.
A 1 0 days trial of Grape
Nuts may show how to
make yourself fit to do things
that bring money and fame
Grape-Nuts