THE 8EMI-WEEKLY TRIBUNE. NORTH PLATTE, NEBRASKA.
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WILL HE YOUNGEST EMPRESS
Here to i&A.
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HOUSE FLIES carry dlscaso from OD0
human being to another. This has
been proved scientifically. And now It
remains to provent theso Insects, or
to reduco their numbers In tho coin
munlty, that tho dlscuBes they convey
may bo reduced also, or oven abolished.
Ono tnothod of dealing with disease
bearing Insects Is to trap and kill as
many as we can. For this reason "kill
flint fit" nt "a.cnl tlmf fit.' ,.flian llnit
avo been Instituted In mnny plnccH. Hut It has
boon found by experiment that wo cannot hope
to kill sufllciont Acs to reduce seriously their total
numbors. This Is becauso files breed at a very
srenl rnto when tho wcathor Is warm, and tho
total numbers which wo cun kill Is so small, when
compared to tho total numbers loro.- that the re
unit of tho "swatting" campaigns has been disap
pointing. All our efforts should be directed at preventing
houso files from brooding for prevention Is hot
ter than cure. Tho host way to do this is to ob
servo strict cleanliness municipal cleanliness
und homo cleanliness. Then these InscctB will
desert tho neighborhood, and tho diseases they
convoy will vanish. This was tho policy pursued
on tho Suoz and Panama canalB to prevent inn
larla and yollow fover, which aro convoyed from
ono porson to another by mosquitoes. Tho method
was most successful.
. Tho houso fly broodB'ln filth. Each female fly,
bb Boon as tho weather Is Warm onouEh. lays
bout 1B0 eggs on collections of mantiro, dcconi
oslng garbago, street rubbish or houso refuse,
na mo eggs hatch Into tiny maggots. After flvo
ays havo passed, each niaccot becomes n rolled-
ip, bean-ijhapod chryBallH, and after another flvo
ayo each chrysallB Rives birth to n twn.wlncnd.
Ix-Iegged, whiskered, bristly flying Insect known
O UB BB tho llOURn flv. TllnnlinllloR lirnnd
Imllnrly, but thoy prefer to lay tholr ooes on
ottlng carcassos or docaylnK animal mattnr.
HI, a t.M.. n.. .11 i . ..
... uuuuo iiy una mo lesser nouso ny convoy
jdjaeaso by bathing tholr logs In germ-laden ma
terial, which they find during their feeding forays.
JTho gorips slick to their legs and to tho lips of
jthotr telescopic proboscldes, and thon nro enrriod
o the milk jug, tho teacup, to tho cut loaf, and
jto tho culinary utonslls. Sometimes tho files
flwallow tho gorms, which multiply InBldo them,
jnnd aftorwnrds tho concentrated dlscaso focus is
again deposited whorovor tho fly settles.
Wo can bo rid of flloB If wo obsorvo tho ordl-
ary common sense rules of cleanliness and snnl
. Mlon. No fly lalra, or brooding places', must bo
ipormltted noar humnn hnbltatlonB. All unclean
places must bo mado cloan regularly once a week
by tho aanltnry or municipal authorltloB, and thon
tho 1y roaggota will be unablo to como to ma
turity, and so tho post will bo exterminated. Re
cently a war on fllos has boon tnkon up aasldu
jOUBly by tho proas, and tho medical officers of
iliealth aro oxcrtiiig thoniDolves to start antlfly
campaigns.
Thus tho municipal authorities havo made a
(start, and It remains for tho Individual house
i!ioldors to help thorn. Each ono of us enn do our
bharo of fly prevention. Wo can prevent files
n our own homos. On ono morning, every wook,
wo must Inspect our own promlsos. Begin In tho
Wtchorn. Obsorvo overy nook of tho scullery, the
Ipantry, tho collar, ovon tho dining room, and aeo
ithat overy corner and cranny Is scrupulously
Jcleam Next, wo, niUBt examine tho dustbin to
pen if It la completely cleaned out. Lot thoro bo
too small collections of tea loaves spilled out of
it, or rotting peelings or scraps of broad, or any
other places whore files can breed. it im
cheoHo bo well covered, and tho bread bo In Its
jpan, and all food within tho larder In Its propor
(placo. And lot ovorythlng bo clean and whole
tiomo. It Is most Important, also, to Inform our neigh
bors on ovory convenient occasion of tho disgust
ing and dangoroua character of houso flies, mid
to ask them to co-operate In preventing thorn.
Then thoro will bo an organized campaign against
.theso Insects. Tho njoro wo talk about it tho
woonor will tho thing bo dono. Tho education
SiP nt,U1fnti 111 tlm timttAi 4f, nlllA tnnnt nnH.lLi
w. vimu.uii w.v iuuhui u ..u ilium VOUUIllllll,
iThon a now genorntlon will grow up knowing
tho dangers of files and how to provent them.
'Hchoolmastora and schoohnlstrossoB should bo In
vited to teach tholr charges about (lies, and should
net tho example by Instructing them in the, tonotu
of school clcaullness. This will holp us greatly.
It we all keep our own homes swoet and clean,
our chlldron'a Hvob will bo sparod tho horrors of
summer slcknoss, typhoid will bo lossonod, doc-
a J4 ...Ill . 1.. 1 1 I. lit a .1
vors Din win oo rotiuceu, nnu mo uoaiiu or mo
community will be Improved enormously. With
regard to houso fllos and fly-borno diseases tho
remedy Is slmplo. Lot us apply It.
Ah a result of experiments, the specialists
lot tho Unltod States department ot agriculture
( Itiavo discovered that a small amount of ordinary
I borax sprinkled dally on manure will offoctlvely
.prevent tho breeding of tho typhoid or houso fly.
Similarly, tho same substauco applied to garbago,
rofuso, opon toilets, damp floors und nruvlcos In
stables, collarB or markets, will provent. fly eggs
from hatching. Borax will not kill tho ndult
(fly nor provont It from laying eggs, but Its
thorough uho will prevent any further brooding.
I Tho Investigation, which Included experiments
-with many substances, was undertaken to dis
cover soma means of preventing tho breeding
'of Hies In horso inauuro without lessening the
valuo of this manure as a fertilizer for use by tho
ifarmer. It was foil that if somo moans of pre
venting tho breedlug of fllos near a human habi
tation could bo dovtsod, tho diseases spread by
,thoao filthy germ carriers could bo greatly re
duced. While tho "swat tho lly campaign." traps
jand other devices tor reducing tho numbor of
Itypliold-carrying mea are ot vaiuc, mey aro oi
leas Importance man mo prevention oi mo oroou-
lug. It waa realized, howovor, that no measure
for nrevontlng tho breeding of tiles would come
Into common ubo unions It was such that tho
farmer could uso It on his manure pllo without
destroying Its usefulness for growing plants, and
without introducing imo mo buu any budsibuco
that would Intorfere with his crops.
Ah a rosult of experiments carried on at tho Ar
lington farm, lu Virginia, and New Orleans, La..
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PAPA
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UP
Archduchess 2ilta, when Archduke
Kafl Franz Josef succeeds to tho
throno of Austria-Hungary, will bo
tho youngest empress recorded In very
mnny years, for she wis only twenty
three years old on May 9, 1915. This
fact is pleasing to tho Aubtrians, and
especially to the Viennese, only tho
oldest of whom recall Empress Eliza
both in her fresh beauty when silo
camo to them ns Emperor Franz
Josef's bride. Archduchess Zlta has
much to commend her to popularity.
She has intelligence, a winning per
sonality, and, above all, tho ability to
make herself beloved. The chief charm
of her face Is her splendid oyes, Italian
in their power of changeful expres
sion. Her hair is brown, with golden
lights.
Her birthplace was Villa della
Planoro, near Vlaregglo, and hor un
usual name is of Tuscan origin, in
honor of ZIta of Monte Segrato,
whose body lies In the church of San
Tradlano at Lucca, and who wns made a saint by Pope Nicholas III. Part,
of her childhood spent ln.Itnly, the princess learned Italian; descended from
the bourbon kings of France, French Is as her native- tongue; English sho
perfected In the Isle of Wight.
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"DAN MAC" OF MAINE
When the next session of congress
opens, Daniel McOIUlcuddy of Maine
will bo a tnoEiber of the important
ways and means committee of tho
house. Tho popularity of "Dan Mac,"
as his friends call him, in his congres
sional district has been proved re
peatedly, and his political oppononta
havo a wholesome respect for his abil
ity and courage.
Some years ago Congressman Mc
OIUlcuddy was trying a case in the
Androscoggin county court houBe In
Auburn, across the river from his
homo in Lewiston. Tho Jury was be
ing impaneled. As tho name of ono
of them was called and as ho stepped
up to the bar ot the court, Dan Mnc
leaned over to his associate and whis
pered: "I don't like the cut of his jib.
He's got a bad face. The Almighty
puts a face on a man for tho samo
reason that man puts a faco on a
clock to Indicate what Is going on in
side of him. Challenge him," and tho
Juryman was rejected. Applying Dan Mac's rule of physiognomy to himself,
ono would have to conclude that ho was an open-minded, courageous, vigor
ous man who would rendor a verdict on the facts presented In any case that
ho sat in judgment upon.
But when it comes to politics McQllllcuddy is a strong partisan. He is
not thought the less of because of this. Indeed, it is and has been for years
one of his strong points. '
Ho has given his opponents many hard blows and has received in re
turn his share of hard knocks from the other Bide, but Dan Mac seema to
have thrived on the strenuous political life of tho Pino Tree state. .
tho Investigators found that 0.62 of a pound of
borax, or 0.7C of a pound of cnlclned colemanlte
(crude calcium .borate) would kill the maggots
and provent practically nil of tho flies ordinarily
brooding lu eight bushels of horHo manure from
developing. This was proved by placing ninnuro
In cages and comparing tho results from piles
treated with borax and from untreated pllos.
Tho borax, It was found, killed tho fly eggs and
maggota In tho manure and prevented tholr
growth Into flies.
In tho caso of garbage cans or refuse piles,
two ounces of borax or calcined colemanlte, cost
ing from flvo conts n pound upward, according
to tho quantity which Is purchased, will effectual
ly provont Hies from breeding.
While It cun be safely stated that no Injurious
action has followed tho application ot mauuro
treated with borax at tho rate ot .02 pounds tor
eight bushels, or ovon larger amounts In the case
of somo plants, nevertheless borax-treated ma
nure haB not been studlod In connection with the
growth ot nil crops, nor has ita cumulative effect
boon determined. It Is thcroforo recommended
that not more than 15 toils of tho bornx-treatert
manure should bo npplled'por aero to the field.
As truck growers uso considerably more than this
amount, is is suggested that nil cars containing
borax-treated manure bo so mnrked, and that
publlo health officials stipulate In their directions
for this treatment that not over .62 (62-100) of a
pound for eight bushols ot manuro bo used, ns
It has been shown that larger amounts ot borax
will Injure most plants. It is also recommended
that nil public health officials and others In
recommending borax treatment for killing fly
eggs and" maggots In manuro warn tho
publlo against tho Injurious offocts ot largo
amounts of borax on tho growth ot plants.
Purchasers of manuro produced In cities during
tho fly-breeding season should insist that the
dealers from whom thoy purchnso give them a
certified stutoment as to whethor or not the
manuro in tho particular car or lot Involved In
tho purchnso has been treated with borax.
In feeding to hogs garbage that contains borax
caro la also recommended, especially whenhu
animals aro being fattened for market. Borax la
not a very poisonous Bubstanco and tho foodtng
ot garbago that contains It to hogs Is not likely
to be a Borlous matter, On tho othoc hand, borax
In large quantities doos produco gastric dis
turbances and tor this roaaon a certain amount
care Is advisable.
Tho method for using this substance In the
case of Btablos is to sprinkle the borax or cole
manlte In the quantities given above, by means
of a flour sifter or othor lino sieve, around the
outer edges of the. pile of horso manuro. Tho
manuro should then be sprlukled immediately
with two or three gallons of water to eight bush
ols of manuro. It Is essential, however, to sprln
kid a little ot the borax ou tho manuro as It Is
added dally to tho pile, instead of watting until
a full pllo is obtained, becauso this will prevent
tho oggs which tho flics lay on fresh manure
from hatching. As the fly maggots congregate at
the outer odgo of tho manure pile, most of the
borux should be sprinkled thorc.
Borax costs nvo to six cents per pound In 100
pound lots lu Washington, and It is estimated
that at this rato It would cost only one cent por
horse per day to prevent all breeding of flics In
city stables. If calclnod colemanlte Is purchased
in large shipments, this cost should be consider
ably less. At the samo time, If the borax is used
on the manuro only In tho proportions stated,
Us valuo for uso In tho garden or for Bale to
farmers will not bo lessened.
In view of this discovery, there now seems
little oxcubo for any horso owner or resident ot
n city allowing typhoid files to breed In his stable
or garbago can.
It Is belteved that this Information will greatly
holp the health authorities In their campaign
against tho typhoid fly. Tho health authorities
have long trlod to provent tho breeding of flics in
city stables through tho use ot Iron sulphate as a
larvuclde. In the case ot Iron BUlphate, however.
a-large amount Is required, and other Insecticides
such as parts green or potassium cyanldo, whilu
offectlve lu killing flics, are very expensive or
oxtremely poisonous. Borax, which Is used freo-
ly lu most households, and Is readily available
In all parts of tho country, bus the advantage ot
bolng comparatively nonpolsonous and nonln
flammable, readily soluble In water and ensy to
handle. It can bo purchased at retail for ten
cents a pound, and a slnglo pound used as dl
rected lu a garbage pall or opon toilet may pre
vent tho brooding of hundreds ot dangerous files
EXPERIENCE A8 A TEACHER.
Llttlo LemuelPaw, why do so mnny people
borrow trouoioT
Paw Because, son, that is the only thing most
of mem can borrow without security.
MAGNATE OF ARGENTINA
Among tho delegates to the Pan
American financial conference in
Washington was Samuol Halej Pear
son, the greatest capitalist of South
America, who represented the Argen
tine Republic.
Mr. Pearson has had a highly in
teresting career. He was born in
Buenos Aires in 1867, and was edu
cated at the Salvador college thoro
and the Polytechnical school of New
York. Ho gained an extensive com
mercial experlenco In his travclB, and
lu 1890 ho joined tho banking firm of
Samuel B, Halo & Co., Buenos Aires,
which was founded by his grandfather
In 1S33. He has taken a leading part
In the industrial development of his
country and has earned an enviablo
reputation and Inspired the confidence
of all ot his countrymen, as well as
the leading business men throughout
the world, by his straightforward
dealings and remarkable business
ability. Mr. Pearson has a direct con
trol over billions of dollars Invested In South America and has recently been
appointed director of tho Bank of the Argentine Republic by 'the Presldont
and tho senate.
KING ALBERT AS A REPORTER j
Most peoplo know of King Al
bert's love ot literature, but few aro
aware that somo time ago his desire
for knowledge prompted him to be
come a newspaper correspondent.
When prince of tho Belgians, ho trav
eled Incognito through France, Aus
tria, Great Britain, America and Scan
dlnavla as a reporter. In this way ho
was able to study the commercial ad
vantages ot other countries, aB well
as to broaden his views and educate
his mind.
Tho royal reporter worked dili
gently at the profession ho adopted,
lie was employed by a Minneapolis
nowspaper at a salary of $15 a week,
His employers wero unaware ot hla
Identity, and when sent out on an
assignment and he returned with a
poor "copy," ho was as badly hauled
over the coals us wero his less aris
tocratic colleagues.
While serving on a Brooklyn
newspaper Prince Albert endeavored
to obtain entry into a house where- & murder had taken place. He was
stopped by a policeman, who demanded IiIb card. Tho blue-blooded reporter
did not happen to have one and, of course, the representative of the law
roughly ordered him off. A rival reporter, who noticed tho Incident, asked
the policeman: "Do you know thut the man you were speaking to waa
prince of the Belgians?" "Well." answered the unenlightened policeman,
"Mr. Prince should havo shown me his card, for I've never beard ot that
paper."
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