THE SEMI.WEEKLY TRIBUNE. NORTH PLATTE. NEBRASKA.
J 1 1 fT'i
LJ
MATURE TREES NEED SPECIAL PRUNING
WOOL GROWING III
CANADA A SUCCESS
k V
Fig. 1 Elght-Year-Old Peach
After a poach treo reaches bearing
ago, the fundamental principles under
lying pruning are based on the- fact
that the fruit Is always borne on wood
that grow the previous season. It Is,
therefore, essential so to manage the
trees as to Induce a fairly liberal
growth each season.
As a general proposition, very
heavy pruning will Induce a corre
spondingly largo amount of now wood
growth. It follows that the weaker
growing varieties should bo pruned
more heavily, relatively, than tho very
strong-growing sorts.
By the time peach trees reach three
to four years old they should bo bear
ing good crops of fruit. After this,
they will make a smaller annual
growth under usunl conditions, than
during-tho earlier years. Less head
ing in is therefore required. In some
seasons it .may not be necessary to
cut back tho terminal growth, though
to do so will tend, as a rule, to de
velop tho smaller secondary and sldo
branches, which is .desirable. Again,
the extent of tho heading back will bo
governed In some seasons by the
abundance and condition of tho fruit
buds. If there has been winter injury
or if tho buds failed to form well the
previous season, llttlo or no reduction
of tho previous season's growth will
bo needed. On tho other hand, if tho
trees made a strong growth, an abun
dant set of fruit buds developed, and
they have sufferod no Injury, a corre
sponding heavy cutting back of the
previous season's growth may be ad-
visablo, in order to thin the fruit as
much as is possible by that means.
Somo of the details of pruning ma-
turo peach trees are suggested in
Figs. 1 and 2, which show a tree eight
years old before and after it rocolved
the annual pruning to make it shape
ly, remove superfluous wood, and pro
vldo for tho development of now
growth. While tho treo illustrated is
far from being ideal, as it had not
been well handled in previous years,
It shows certain Important features.
The heading back of the main limbs
will tend to prevent them from be
coming "leggy," and it will indue? a
good Btrong growth of now fruit-bearing
wood well within the center of
the tree. It may require some thin
ning out at tho next annual pruning to
prevent tho top from becoming too
dense. Probably more wood of the
Fig, 2 Same
w .
Treo Before Pruning.
previous season's growth should have
been loft than is shown in Fig. 2, as
there appears to be only a small
amount of surfaco on which fruit can
bo produced tho following season;
but apparently tho treo has been put
in fairly good condition with regard
to its later usefulness.
Heading In a treo from year to year
as suggested and pruning with a view
to producing an open, spreading, low
top results not only in tho develop
ment of strong, stocky HmbB well able
to sustain heavy loads of fruit, but
it brings a large proportion of tho
top near the ground, where much of
tho fruit can be harvested without tho
uso of stepladdcrs.
Before an architect begins to draw
the planB for a building he must havo
a mental picture of the completed
structure, at least so far as the main
features are concerned. He must
know what details are necossary at
every step, as ho develops tho plans,
in order to produco the desired re
sults. Not unlike this, tho man who
prunes a fruit treo during its first
years must havo a pretty clear con
ception of what the treo Is to look
llko when it reaches maturity, and ho
needs to know from tho beginning
what Is necessary each tlmo it Is
pruned in order to develop tho treo
which forms his mental vision. Of
course, such a picture can develop
fully only with experience and as one
becomes familiar with tho characteris
tics of growth, habit and behavior of
tho different varieties. At the same
time a well-formulated plan, based on
a knowledge of the underlying prln
ciples of pruning, is essential If the
oporatlon is to be anything more than
a haphazard removal of branches that
appear to be in the way.
Tho United States department of
agriculture, Washington, D. C, will
send interested fruit growers, free of
charge, Its Farmers' Bulletin (No,
632) on "Growing Peaches," which
gives in detail much information on
the pruning of trees, renewal of tops,
thinning, interplanted crops, and spe
cial practices.
Hasten Germination.
Asparagus seeds aro slow to germi
nate, often requiring several weeks.
Germination mav be hastened bv soak'
ing in warm water fdV a day or two
beforo planting.
Tree After Pruning.
00R ROADS ARE EXPENSIVE
More Fuso Over Freight Raten Than
Coat of Hauling Crops From
Farm to Railroad.
A good deal of fuss is raised over
freight rates, and everybody who has
anything to do with tho transportation
of crops or merchandise Is up In arms
tho moment railroads give tho least
intimation that' frolcht rates nro to bo
advanced. But at tho samo (imo, thoro
Is a strong tendency to give no atten
tion to tho cost of hauling farm crops
from their point of origin on tho farm
to tho railroad station; a matter of
groator concorn than nil tho railroad
rates In tho world, sayB Fruit Grower
and Farmer. , v
Undo Sam has found that it costs
in tho neighborhood of 25 cents a mllo
to haul a ton over tho avcrago coun
try road. But this cost may run up
to ten times this flguro overbad roads,
and bo reduced no many times ovor
good roads with modern vehicles.
This cost is something that is rarely
ovor figured In by tho producer when
summing up his marketing expense,
oven though it will frequently mako a
ilguro that Is not much less than tho
cost of getting his produco to tho dis
tant market by rail.
Good roads nro cxpenslvo to build
and nro more or less of an expenso to
maintain, but If It wero posslblo to
comparo tho lowered cost or trans
porting tho farm produco over tho
road beforo and after improvement It
would bo found that tho cost was paid
back with Interest within a very few
years after improvement. Low grades
aro of first consideration, for It costs
moro money to haul over a hilly road
than ovor a level ono, where tho sur
face Is tho same. But on almost any
road, It is easily posslblo to havo at
least a smooth surfaco on which to
drive.
Tho King drag is tho Implement that
will mako tho surfaco smooth and
keep it smooth. And the wonder of
It Is that moro farms do not havo a
drag as an essential part of their
equipment. Road dragging tlmo Is
just coming with tho breaking up of
tho snow, and Ub usual accompani
ment of mud. Heavy traffic over such
roads makes ruts and bad roads of tho
worst sort, unless tho ruts aro filled
by. dragging.. Preparo now to keep
your road dragged this year, and
lower tho cost of hauling your prod
uco to market.
Remember, also, that wlde-tircd
wagons pull moro easily than narrow
tired ones 00 per cent of tho times
Example of Mountain Road Building
in Colorado.
when they aro used. Tho wldo tiro
does not cut bo deep and makes n bet
tor track on roads which nro traveled
whllo tho ground Is soft. Tho wldo
tiro packs the surfaco Into a firm road
bed, and thus enables It to drain well
In time of rain.
In cornfields, plowed fields, field
lanes, and on paoturo and alfalfa land,
tho draft on tho wido tiro is consider
ably les3, no matter what tho condi
tion of tho soil. Tho wido tiro docs
not cut up tho meadow or field as
does tho narrow tiro. This Is also
Important, as a smooth surfaco In tho
meadow Is much easier to mow over.
Use no tiro less than four Inches on
your fields or on soft ronds; mako a
King road drag and uso It. Thus low
er your own freight rates by lowering
your hauling coBts.
Keep Weeda way.
Weeds must bo kept several feet
from tho wheoltri'.ck elso they will
druw tho molsturo from tho roadbed
and thus loosen It, this is especially
truo in regions of moderato rainfall.
Your Roadc.
How about that road in front of
your farm? Did you get out with a
split log and smooth it down at tho
right tlmo? Did you fill up tho low
places? Tako a llttlo self-prldo In
the road that runs In front of your
farm and seo that it is in good shape,
for yourself and your neighbor.
Road-Bulldlng Habit.
Tho road-building habit is confined
to no ono locality. It has a foothold
Uncle Sam to Send Toys
ASHINGTON. Undo Sam, a goncrous fathor to tho chlldron under his
official caro, Is preparing to feed, clotho and provldo propor sholtor for
tho native colony on tho seal rcscrvo
by n community of from two hundred to threo hundred persons. Tho supplies
aro to last tho long winter through for the officials nnd natives on tho reserve
Tho specifications In their unromnntic wny glvo ono ltom as follows:
"Paper, festooning, suitable for Christmas decorating, In pieces of about
thirty feet ench, threo dozen pieces."
When tho govornmont clerk in Washington wroto this specification, per
haps It occurred to him that Uncle Sam had tlmo in tho mundnno rush ol
providing food for his charges to think of their holiday and recreational needs
as well. '
"Baseballs, horsehldo cover, rubber center."
So runs a lino in tho schedule of sundrios.
Llttlo Eskimo kids in tho frozen Northland aro to havo tho opportunity
of every American lad to learn to play baseball. '
Forty-eight Ingcrsoll watches aro to bo supplied.
Among tho grocery Items is ono for 300 pounds of candy, American
mixed, In palls. As a luxury thoro will be in addition 21 pounds of first-grade
candy, assorted.
Among tho canned goods nnd grocery luxuries are such Horns as muscat
grapes, Bahama pineapples, asparagus, strawberries, Jolly, almonds, olives,
salad oil nnd other food articles to serve as dessert or dross tho tablo on
etato occasions.
There nro tam-oshantors for tho girls, ribbon nnd sldo and back combs.
To satisfy male tastes, tho government haB called for bids for 5,000 do
mestic cignrs, 1,000 Habana cigars, ton boxes of clgarctto papor and 'many
hundreds of pounds of smoking tobacco. 4
Washington Man Harvests
HEN John Mnrtin acquired his largo, peaceful-looking farm near Gles
boro point ho little suspected that the terrors of war would havo him
sitting up nt nights through sheer anxiety. Martin, a Washington nowspapoi
man, had always supposed that war
was war and pcaco was peace but
now ho known differently. For ho has
harvested three-quarters of a ton of
unexploded shells dating back to 1805
and ho hasn't tho fnlntost idea what
ho is going to do with them.
Tho shells, somo spherical and
'some cylindrical, had been resting
quietly In tho mud of tho Anncostla
river and wero hauled out when tho
river bottom was used to reclaim por
tions of tho flats. Soon after tho plow
ing bogan one of tho colored men found a bomb about half tho slzo of o
man's head. Ho approached Martin, lightly Juggling bis discovery.
"Boss," ho said, "what docs I do wlf dls?" Martin took ono enroful look
nnd turned very pale. Tho cap of tho ancient missile was In placo. One
good jolt nnd almost nnythlng might happen.
"You tako that far, far away," ordered Martin. "Tako It to tho remotest
section of tho field and set It down carefully."
On othor portions of tho field similar unwolcomo discoveries wero mado
Nor was thlB nil. Tho plowshares turned up projectllos of modern appear
anco and evidently In tho best of health. All of thoso wore henpod up In a
pile about tho slzo of a lint-topped desk.
Museum Teaches Human
RECENT report on tho United States National museum gives an accounl
of tho origin and development of tho division of history which will
appeal to every American. Tho division was originally organized to lllus-
House from tho tlmo of Martha Washington to that of a recent administra
tion. These costumes aro so exhibited on lay flgurcB aB to bring out tha
full effects of tho gowns, nlthough no effort has been mndo to roproduco the
faces of tho individuals. Several other dresses nnd a great number of ncces
sorles of apparel, including shawls, shoes, hats and bonnets, gloves, hand
kerchiefs, combs, fans, and jowclry aro also on display.
Among tho costumes nnd uniforms of American men shown aro a uni
form and dross suit of George Washington, a court suit of Gon. Thomai
Plnckney, tho court dress and other attlro of JnmcB Monroo, and tho uniform
coat of Gen. Androw Jackson, worn at tho bnttlo of Now Orleans.
Doric Column as Sample
DORIC column of pure white marble, forty-four foot in height and aboul
Bcven feet in diameter, rises on tho north sldo of tho central terrnco ol
tho plateau forming tho foundation
President Lincoln In West Potomac
park.
It was erected by tho contractors
for the superstructure mainly to
demonstrate tho beauty and effect of
Colorado Yulo marblo, tho stono of
which the memorial Is to bo con
structed. It has been greatly admired
by nil who havo seen It, Including the
oirtclnls of tho government supervis
ing tho work of construction and tho
,many thousands of people who drive
or walk through tho park. One or
tho features of tho memorial, as designed by Henry Uacon, 13 a colonnade
surrounding tho walls of Memorial hall, containing a staluo of Lincoln of
heroic slzo. That colonnade will consist of 30 Doric columns, symbolizing
the Union of 1SG5, each column representing a Gtato oxlstlng nt tho tlmo of
Lincoln's death. Thoro will bo nlno columns on each sldo. Tho experimental
column now standing gives an idea of their composition, slzo and gcnoral
appearance. Its 41 feet of holght Is mado up ot 11 drums, each four feet thick,
and joined to jlvo tho offpet ot a mortllth. Having served Its purpose as an
.xhlblt, It Is to be tnHv) tlovvu to permit of the construction of tho walla of
tho Mcmotw.' l'all Btajtdlos within tho
to the Eskimo Children
of tho Prlbllof islands. Ho will need a
vast and varied assortment of sup
plies.
Bids havo boon asked for, and tho
specifications show that tho govorn
mont requires everything from box
Kites and comic masks for the
youngsters in tho reserves to arms
and ammunition, boots and shoes, fur
niture and carpets, groceries, hay and
grain, paints, oils and glass, clothing,
lumbor, tools and Implements nnd oth
er supplies and articles of gonornl'
merchandise, such as would bo usod
Old Shells on His Farm
Side of American History
trato tho history of tho United Statos
from colonial times, by exhibiting
such rollcs nnd momorinls of note
worthy personages and events, nnd
domestic life of tho country, as could
bo brought togethor Into groups ol
objects representing tho different
periods. Ono striking fcaturo In this
connection, which has been added
during tho pnst yonr, Is tho unique
American poriod costumo collection
of nineteen drosses belonging to the
succosbIvo hostesses of tho White
of the Lincoln Memorial
of the $2,000,000 marblo memorial to
rppced color nada
This By-Product of the Farm Will
Mako Many Western Canada
Farmers Rich.
Alberta wool growers aro looking for
25 cent wool this year. That Is the
assertion mado by a prominent shoop
man of tho Grassy Lako district "It
Is qulto within tho palo of possibility
that wo will receive that flguro from
our wool this summer," said ha, "and
I would not bo surprised to boo eomn
get moro than that.
"Tho war has caused a groat demand
to bo mado on tho woolon mills, and
they havo got to havo tho raw mate
rial." Tho present season has boon most
propitious for tho growing of wool, and
tho growers oxpect to roap a big har
vest of a Bplondld quality. Tho winter
has boon very oven, and tho shoep are
doing woll on tho ranges.
No special brcod of shoep In kept
on Western Canada farms, and all
scorn to do woll. Tho advlco of those
interested In tho wolfaro of tho farm
ers of Wcstorn Canada, advlso all
who can at all do bo to ontor upon tho
raising of sheep. Thoy havo proved
most profltablo to thoso who go Into
that Industry on a scalo commensu
rate with their means, and their farm
area.
Tho dlmnto la porfoctly adapted to
tho raising of sheep, thoy aro easily
kept, and as pointed out, thoro is good
money to bo mado out of them. Ad-vortlsomcnt.
Odd.
"What caused tho coolness between
you and Jones?"
"A heated argumont."
Important to Mothers
Examlno carefully ovory bottlo of
CASTORIA, a safo and euro remedy for
infants and children, and boo that It
T1nna t Vi r
Signature of Ouz&S.
In Uso For Ovor SO Years.
Children Cry for Flotchor'a Caatoria
Stltchl Stltchl
"I havo juBt read an Interesting
article about tho sowors of Paris,"
said hubby, closing tho book on his
thumb.
"Yos," ropllod wlflo, "they're busy
night nnd day making shirts for sol
diors." .
Couldn't Tell.
"Why did you help tho dofendant
In tho fight, If that's tho case?" asked
tho examining counsel.
Mr. Cnssldy looked at tho lawyor
with contempt, and nuBwerod In a tono
of , blighting scorn: "For tho ra'son
that at that tolmo Ol had no means ot
knowing which o' thlm would bo tho
defendant."
A Quibble.
John B. Stnnchflold, tho lawyor, was
discussing In an Interview In Now
York tho caso of his client, Harry
Thaw.
"But objections llko that," said Mr.
Stnnchflold, "aro moro quibbles. Thoy
havo no real bearing on tho caso. Llko
tho farmer's wlfo, thoy only confuse
and embroil matters.
"A sickly farmer said to h!a husky
wlfo ono spring morning:
" 'I seo by tho papers that a woman
down Paint Rock way goes out ovcry
morning and hoes with her husband.'
'"Well, what of It?' tho wlfo an
swered. 'Sho could do it easily enoty;h
If ho's as thin as you aro. I've often
thought of using you to peel potatoes
with.' "
INSOMNIA
Leada to Madness, If Not Remedied,
"Experiments satisfied mo, somo B
years ago," wrltea a Topoka woman.
that coffoo was tho direct cause of tho
Insomnia from which I suffered ter
ribly, as well as extreme nervousness
and acuto dyspepsia.
"I had been a coffco drinker elnco
childhood, and did not llko to think
that tho boverago was doing mo all
this harm. But It was, and tho tlmo
camo whon I had to faco tho fact, and
protect myBolf. I theroforo gavo up
coffoo abruptly and absolutely, and
adopted Postum for my hot drink at
meals.
"I began to noto improvement In
my condition very soon nftor I took
on Postum. Tho chango proceodod
gradually, but surely, and It was a
matter of only a fow wooks beforo 1
found myself entirely relieved tha
nervousness passed away, my dlgos
tlvo' apparatus was restored to normal
omcloncy, and I bogan to sleep rest
fully and peacefully.
"Thoso happy conditions havo con
tinued during all of tho 5 years, and I
am Bafo In saying that I owo them
entirely to Postum, for when I bogan
to drink It I ceased to uso medicines."
Namo glvon by Postum Co., Battlo
Creok, Mich. Read "Tho Road to
Wollvlllo," In pkgs.
Postum comes In two forms:
Postum Cereal tho original form
must bo woll boiled. 15c and 25c pack
ages.
Instant Postum a solublo powder
dlsBolyeo quickly In a cup of hot wa
ter, and, with cream and sugar, makes
u delicious boverago instantly. 30o and
50a tins.
Both kinds nro equally delicious and
cost about the same per cup,
"Thoro'o a Reason" for Postum.
sold by Grocers.
In 48 states. All classes tako to It.
