THE SEMI-WEEKLY TRIBUNE. NORTH PLATTE. NEBRASKA.
HARD LU
PUTS BLAME ON WAR
ONTE CARLO lins loHt!
Tho war In Europe has furnished
entertainment and employment
botli for tho great mass of pooplo
who formerly went to tho princi
pality of Monaco anil played at tho
casino. Now Monaco linn gono to
war itself and tho citizens of Mon-
eiSJ tricolor of Franco In tho war
cfw)SSa against tho Germans. There was
""jS nothing olso for tho Monto Car
loans to do. Prosperity In Monto
Carlo doponds on crowds, and foreign crowds at
thnt. When tho crowdB stay away Monto Carlo
Is In bad straits. Sho has no money for public
Improvements. 8ho has no monoy to pay tho
salary of tho chief ruler, tho prlnco. Sho has no
work for tho pooplo.
Monto Carlo Is bottor known than tho' country
Jn which It Is situated. Tho country Is Monaco
on tho Bay of Monaco. Tako a map of Europo
and run your fingers along tho Mediterranean
coast until you como to tho boundary of Italy and
Franco. Glanco to tho westward a short distance
and you will find Monaco bay. It Is an Insignifi
cant bay. When you talk about countries In
America you think In torms of big nations Hko
the United States or Brazil. In Europo thoro nro
several Inslgnlllcarit Independent ropubllcs and
principalities. Monaco is one of thoso nnd
Monto Carlo Is within Monaco. Tho casino Is
In Monto Carlo.
In 1858 Monnco wos on tho vorgo of rulri. Tho
t jjcoplo were so poor that tho principality wns on
' tho vorgo of surrendering Its Independence to
Franco. Then Prlnco Charles thought of tho
flchomo of running a great gambling houao a
casino.
For a fow yoarB tho caBlno did not pay ox
ponBos, but tho govornmont struggled along. Re
cently tho ruler has turned out to bo ono of tho
wealthiest of men. His country has finely paved
roads. His citizens can hoar the best music. Tho
finest operas In tho world como thoro. Monaco
is a delightful winter resort nnd Is tho Palm
Reach of kings. Americans go thoro If they havo
lots of monoy, No ono elao nood go thero for
long. Hotel bills nro high and tips aro always
cxpectod. i
Whon tho war In Europo broke out all tho poo
nlo of Monaco woro looking for a big season at,
the casino. Thoy woro preparing for tho usual'
winter rush, whon bang! nil Europo waB at war.
No ono camo to tho casino to gamble. Thoro
was no rovenuo to pay tho king or to support tho
police. Whon no ono camo to gamblo, no ono
camo to live at tho fashionable hotola.. Whon
no ono camo to Hvo at tho hotels tho Importers
who brought In food for tho guostB lost their
JobB, tho wnlterB and cooks loBt their Jobs, tho
ciiBhlors lost their jobs. With nono of tho
wealthy ones In town thero could bo no grand
opera or theater. The ushers lost their jobs and
moro waiters and cooks lost their jobs. Tho
guides lost tholr JobB and oven tho undortakero
who mado It h buslnoss to bring In tho suicides
from tho bay lost their Jobs.
Thero always was considerable salvago In sui
cides. Wealthy mon often ontored tho casino
nnd played. Then thoy playod somo moro. Even
tually they lost becauso tho gamo is sot against
tho player. When thoy lost thoy played harder
In an attempt to win back their losings. Thoy
lost moro. Finally thoy wont out of the casino
broke! Thoro aro high rooks all around Monaco
bay. Whon ono climbs to tho top of tho high
rocks and Jumps off headlong ho does not como
book alivo. Tho next thing Is a reward, and
'there is, nlways good monoy In Towards whon
(the victim Is found floating In tho bay. Then
jtho undertaker has a Job.
Once in a whllo a gambler, shrewder than tho
rest, broakB tho bank at Monto Carlo, but that Is
ruro. In poker thoy would say tho cardB aro
fltacked against him, but nt Monto Carlo thoy
play roulotto. The roulotto whool Is bo built that
n man hus only a minority chanco of winning.
If tho wheel waB mado any other way thero
would bo no profits to pay tho prince's Balary and
to keep up the pollco and to contribute to tho
nupport of tlio thoator and for public improve
ments, such as magnificent sea baths.
Monaco Is one of tho most fortunntoly situated
countrlos In tho wholo world. Warm br007.es
from tho Mediterranean como over from tho
flouth all through tho wlntor. Tho high hills to
tho north cut out all tho cruel winter blasts,
Flowers grow thoro all tho year around. Tho
placo Is easily accessible by yacht and stenmor or
over country from ParlB.
It is a country whore tho visitor Is wolcomed
with opon anna, for indeed It is tho visitor who
mnkoB tho prosperity of tho country, Tho coun
try Is built for him. Tho citizens serve gladly
for tho monoy they got In exchnngo. Whon thoro
Is no war In Europo thoro is always plonty of
entertainment for the visitors. There aro sports
or all kinds. Aviators, yachtsmen, oarsmen, run
ners, all dthletoB como to participate in tha great
games played there.
This winter thoro aro still games played in
Monaco, but the greatest athletes aro with tho
colors. This winter thoro aro fltlll plays In tho
theaters, but tho actors aro fighting nnd tho
actresses aro nurses. Visitors still come, but
thoy nre fow. Some American tourists aro thero
hoping for tho war to end and afraid to go homo
or Btay away. With conditions na they aro Mo
naco doclared for war. Tho peopb flow to arms
In tho hopes Ocrmnny would be beaten, so the
buslnoss at Monto Carlo could thrive again.
Now that Monaco, tho smallest principality In
tho world, has doclared war on Germany, San
Marino is shaking Its fist at( tho kaiser. San
Marino is a dot of 38 square miles In eastern
Italy. Its quarrol with Gormany is tho result of
tho kaiser's protest that tho San Marino wire
less station was Intercepting his messages.
Sau Marino, Iltorally, is a mountain and three
llttlo villages. Its total population Is 11,000.
Jefforson City or Moberly would mako a more
populous -nation. It has no railroad, tho visitor
having to rldo four hours In a diligence from
Rlmlnl, an Adriatic resort city.
Tho founding of San Marino Is somewhat of a
myth. Tho local tradition is that Marlnus, a
Dalmatian stonecutter, fathorcd tho nation In tho
fourth century. He wns working on a gateway
at Rlmlnl. Tho nearest rock quarry was Mount
Tltnnus. As a roward for faithful work Marlnus
was given tho mountain, whero ho established a
rofugo for Christians. Slnco that tlmo San Ma
rino has maintained its Independence.
In the soventh or eighth century ltsmonnstory
was turned Into n fort. Many Invaders marched
by without attacking tho republic. For ono rea
son, It was difficult to attack, and for another, it
had no wealth to attract tho conqueror.
Onco a popo attempted to collect taxoB In tho
state. San Marino appealed to a Judgo In Rlmlnl,
who hold thnt It waB an Independent nation and
thereforo no taxes could bo collected. Italy has
novor trlod to Incorporate tho republic In Its realm.
True, today, Italy maintains tho San Marlnan
gondarmorlo nnd medical staff, but tho republic
turns In enough rovenuo to tho kingdom's treas
ury to recompense it.
San Marino Is proud of its claim as tho oldest
republic. All around Its 33 miles of frontier one
can boo monuments marked "Italy" on ono sldo
and "Tho Ropubllc of San Marino" on tho other.
Hut whllo It claims to bo a ropubllc, It is au oli
garchy In fact Tho government Is a grand coun
cil of CO elected for life in equal numbors from
tho landod proprietors and tho bourgeois. Tho
council elects Ub own members whon vacanctos
occur. An Inner council of 12 choson from tho CO
forms a kind of a senate. It has two presidents
or cnptatiiB regent, aa thoy call thorn. Thoy aro
olectod every six months at a grand public gath
ering. Tho main reason for tho froquoncy of
thoBo elections la that thoy aro tho principal
nmuBomont tho citizens havo.
Thero Is only ono lovol spot in Snn Marino.
Thnt is n plaza in front of tho nntlonnl pnlaco.
It la used as a parado ground for Snn Marino's
citizen army of 950 men and 38 ofllcora. Snn Ma
rino's army Is not a professional one. Its sol
diers all mnko tholr living nt Bomo other occupa
tion. Thus tho commanding ofllcor of tho army
is also librarian of tho nntlonnl library and a
professor In Bolluzl college
Tho pedplo gonornlly work In tho quarries and
do Boino hillside funning. Ab tho oxponso of
maintaining tho government Is small, taxes prac
tically amount to nothing. Snn Marino has a
diplomatic force of 11 consuls. Threo aro In
Italy, ono in Englnnd, ono In Franco and tho
othors in neighboring countrlos, Tholr only pay
Is feos. Snn Marino onco thought It would send
a consul to tho United States. Not that it noedod
ono horo, but it was a happy thought that tho
oldest republic Bhould bo represented in tho
largost republic. The captains regent of that
date Investigated tho matter. They saw a way to
mako tho yenturo profitable by
having tho consul sell lottery
tickets. When they learned that
lotteries were not allowed In
tho United Statea tho Idea was
abandoned.
San Marino has somo salt
mines which It uses to pay tho
captains regent a salary. Tho
regentB havo tho salt monopoly
during their term of ofllco.
Two names are revered in
tho hiatory of the republic. One
is Napoleon, who sent an am
bassador to San Marino and
guaranteed them independ
ence. Another la Garibaldi,
who took refugo there after tho
......,. TL- i..niltiv Snn Mn-
Austrian war ana came neiu iim""o -
rlno In a war with tho dual monarchy.
Slnco San Marino's streets all run at somo
precipitous anglo dralnago and aoworago is no
worry. Nature handles that Fow horses aro
owned In tho republic and in many cases tho
family cows have to climb down stairways to
get tholr dally pasturing.
Both Monaco and Snn Marino are part of
tho group of Italian republics and prlnclpalitlea
which maintained tholr lndopendenco until tho
middle of last century. Tho othor little nations
were united as Italy, but Monaco and San Ma
rino kopt their Independence. Tho llttlo ropubllcs
nnd principalities of northern Italy were noted
for their thrift and Industry.
J. C. L. do Sismondl says In "Tho Italian Re
publics:" "Tho 'navlgllo grando' of Milan, which spreads
tho clear waters of tho Tlclno over tho finest
parts of Lombardy, was begun In 1179, resumed
In 1257, nnd terminated a few years aftervards.
Men who meditated, and who applied to tho arts
tho fruits of their study," practiced, he says, that
skillful agrlculturo of Lombardy and Tuscany
which "becamo a modol to othor nations."
Ho says that tho cities, "surrounded with thick
walls, terraced and guarded by towers, were for
tho most part paved with broad flagstones; whllo
tho inhabitants of Paris could not stir out of
tholr houses without plunging Into the mud.
Stone- bridges of nn elegnnt and bold architecture
woro thrown over rivers; aqueducts carried
puro wator to tho fountains. Tho palace of tho
pedestas and slgnorlo united strength with maj
'osty. Tho most admirablo of those of Florence
tho Palazzo-Vocchlo, was built In 1298. Tho Log
gia In tho same city, tho church of Santa Croce,
that of Santa Maria dol Floro, with Its dome, so
admired by Michael Angolo, woro bogun by tho
architect Arnolfo, scholar of Nicolas ill Pisa, be
tween tho "years 1284 and 1300.
"Tho prodigies of tho first born of tho fine
arts multiplied in Italy; a pure taste, boldness
and grandeur, struck tho oyo In all public mon
uments, and finally reachod oven private dwell
ings; while tho princes of Franco, England and
Gormany, In building their cnstles, Boomed to
think only of shelter and defense Sculpturo In
marblo nnd bronze soon followed tho progress of
architecture; In 1300, Andrea dl Pisa, son of tho
architect Nicolas, cast tho admirablo bronzo
gates of tho Baptistery at Florence; about tho
same tlmo, Clmabuo and Giotto revived tho art
of painting. Cnsolla music, and Danto gnvo to
Italy his 'Dlvinn Commodla,' unoqualed In suc
ceeding generations. History was written hon
estly, with scrupulous research, and with grace
ful simplicity, by Giovanni VUlanl, nnd his
school; tho study of morals and philosophy bs
gan; and Italy, onnoblod by freedom, enlightened
nations, till then sunk in darkness.
"Tho Ropubllc of Pisa was ono of tho first to
mrtko known to tho world the riches nnd tho
power which a small state might ncqulro by tho
aid of commorco and liberty. Pisa had aston
ished tho shores of the Mediterranean by tho
number of vossols and galleys that Balled under
hor flag", by the succor she had given tho cru
sudors; by tho fear sho had Inspired at Constan
tinople, and by tho conquest of Snrdlnla and tho
Balearic Isles. Pisa was tho first to Introduco
into Tuscany tho arts that onnoblo wealth; her
domo, her bnptlBtory, her loaning tower, nnd hor
Cnmpo Snnto, which tho traveler's oyo em
bracos at ono glnnco, but does not weary of bo
holding, had boon successively built from tho
yenr 1003 to tho end of tho twolfth century,
Thoso chofs d'oouvro had anlmnted tho gonlus of
tho Plsans; tho great architects of tho thirteenth
century woro, for tho most part, pupils of
Nlcholaa dl Pisa."
C. H. Canby, president of tho Chi
cago board of trade, who testified in
tho Now York stato Investigation Into
tho rise In tho prlco of broad, declared
that tho law of supply and demand
and not tho furoro of tho Chicago
wheat pit, was tho causo of tho in
creaso. "Europo wants our wheat," Mr.
Canby declared, "and tho world prlco
governs the Ahierfcan price. Every
country In tho world Is trying to pur
chase wheat horo. It Is n matter of
bidding between tho American con
sumer and tho foreign buyer. '
"I think tho Now York investiga
tors nro on tho wrong tra,ck. No group
of men havo sufllclont power to boost
nrtlflclally tho prlco of wheat. A con
spiracy to restrain trade In wheat nnd
Hour Is well-nigh Impossible.
"I am unalterably against a fed
eral embargo on wheat oxportatlons.
Not only would that bo a great blow
to our commerco, but It would bo
tampering with our economic fabric. Speculation haB been but a drop In tho
bucket In comparison with tho real causo of tho Increase 'In tho prices tho
war.
"There is no shortage In our supply. We still havo 75,000.000 bushels for
export. The new crop will bo in circulation in 15 weeks. '
"For tho first tlmo in years the farmer is getting a fair price. Formerly
ho had to compete with cheap labor In Austria, Argentina and other wheat
raising countries."
HER LIFE NEVER DULL
"It is singular," said Mrs. William
G. Gorgas, wife of Brigadier General
Gorgns, chief of the medical corps of
tho United Statea nrmy nnd famous
all over tho world as the man who
made conditions possible for tho
achievement of the Panama canal,
"what a prominent part yellow feyer
has played in my life! It oven fig
ured in my courtship!
"I was ylsiting at Fort Brown,
Texas, when I was 'a young miss, and
was suddenly taken with yellow fever.
At that tlmo General Gorgas was
treating and studying fever cases at
tho same place. He, himself, becamo
III, and It was during our convales
cence that our romance begun.
"From then on General Gorgas
specialized to a great extent on yel
low fever, and gave his attention to
ward Its prevention in places whero
it had become a chronic malady. His
assignments in tho service havo been
to regions where ho might continue
to carry on his battle against it, nnd as I look back over my life it appears to
mo that yellow fever stalks rather vividly alongside many of my experiences."
Mrs. Gorgas Is planning to spend the next four years in Washington, aa
General Gorgas' assignment to duty In tho war department makes posslblo
their residence In the capital." '
A 1 y ifs. j'h-s-A-
Professor Frlodenthal of Berlin haa discovered
n way to convort straw Into food.
A POLITICAL PARADOX
Representative James W. Fordney
of Saginaw, Mich., is a political para
dox. Expressed in mathematical
terms, he would bo parallel lines
which meet or a half that is greater
that Its whole.
For Mr. Fordney, In tho last con
greaalonal election, though every
where defeated in detail, was vlctorl
ous. He was beaten In each of the
four counties tha't compose his dis
trict, and yet" wns elected. In each
of these counties he ran second and
when tho sum of them was taken, he
ran flrs't. , '
Against Mr. Fordney, who is n
Republican, there ran a Democrat and
a Progressive. In two of tho four
counties of tho district tho Democrat
won over Air. Fordney by a small
number of votes; the Progressive,
however, was left far, very far, be
hind. In tho other two counties tho
Progressive camo out first, with Mr.
Fordney a very closo second; tho
Democrat, though, was badly distanced. When tho sum total of tho votes of
tho four counties was added up, It wns found that, while the Democrat and
Progressive had each polled about tho same number of votes, Mr. Fordney
had beaten them both by a substantial number.
Thus, nftor three thousand years, nearly, was Justified the remark of old
Heslod: "It Is only a child who doesn't know that tho half Is greater than
tho wholo."
JUOk-
m
SAYS WIVES SHOULD BOSS
Just why, In addressing a wom
an's organization, Secretary of tho
Navy Daniels should havo asserted
that ovory young man should get mar
ried; that "overy man needs a real
good woman for a boss," was not ap
parent, but he said it as ho bowed
gracefully to Mrs. Daniels. Tho occa
sion was tho banquet of tho League
of American Pen Women.
Qualifying his remarks about
ovory man having a fominlno boss,
Secretary Daniels advised that tho
wlfo boss her huaband systematically
and wisely. Ho said tho husband
would then amount to something, but
otherwlso tho chances wero ho would
not
"Women ht'lp to mako men bet
ter, and with tho aid of suffrago they
"would help to mako our government
bottor," he declared.
Tho secretary said ho knew n
man who calls his wlfo "pardner," and
declared ho likes it, for a wlfo is all
of (hat. In connection with tho European war, as a result of which homes
havo been broken up in thoso countries, tho secretary spoko of tho separation
of husbands nnd wives. Ho said that while he was not allowed to speak of
war, being strictly neutral, ho often wondered, as ho thought of the great
conlllct, if our civilization is only skin deep.