THE SEMI-WEEKLY TRIBUNE. NORTH PLATTE, NEBRA6KA.
GOOD TEMPERATURE
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Diagrams Showing Cross Sections of a Building Planned for Storing Ice
Above and Fruit Below A, Longitudinal Section B, Transverse Section.
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Diagrams Showing the Wall Construction and Slat Floor Used in the Build
ing Shown in Fig. 1.
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
In order that fruits may be held for
long periods In storage it is necessary
that a uniform low temperature be
maintained in the storeroom. With
many products a uniform temperature
is of more importance than a low
temperature. With apples, which is
tha crop usually held in storage, It iB
desirable that the fruit reach an ad
vanced state of maturity upon the
tree, but that the ripening process be
checked Immediately when the fruit is
placed in storage. This sudden check
cannot bo effected in ordinary storage
at picking time. It is therefore neces
sary that the storage house be pro
Tided with means for reducing tho
temperature to tho required point and
holding It there until natural condi
tions permit the introduction of cold
air from the outside.
Several systems have been used for
accomplishing this result The slm
"plest Is to build the Ice house as a two
story structure and to store the ice
above and the fruit below. The ice
may be stored at harvest time In an
ice house or in an ice chamber ar
ranged over the room in which tho
fruit is to be held, or the place may
be simply a. temporary storeroom, to
which the ice Is transferred at the
time the first fruit is stored. Both these
HAVE HOUSES WARM
AND COMFORTABLE
Close All Cracks to Prevent
Drafts Striking Birds While
on Roosts Cull Drones.
Make your poultry houses warm and
comfortable for tho winter, overhaul
thorn, see that no cracks are there to
allow cold drafts to strike oij tho
birds or the roosts, be sure that your
roofs and north, eaBt and west sides
are perfectly tight, but allow for
plenty of fresh air to como In tho
south side, which ought to bo tho
farthest away from the roosting sec
tion; this will Insure a dry house.
Houses may bo warm and comfortable
and yet well ventilated; a stuffy, ill
vcntllated house that smells when you
open the door In the morning is not
a healthy place for your birds; when
tliis 1b the case give more ventilation
without drafts. Use plenty of char
coal. Supply n good dust bath; coal
ashes or road dust is suitable for
this purpose Clean out droppings
often, every day If possible. Weed
out the undesirables, cockerels, pul
lets and old hens that you do not
need to produce tho best results.
Only keep the useful birds, giving
them all the room possible. Winter
eggs bring high prices and you only
can get best results by keeping tho
most promising layers, if you want
eggs you must feed for them. Sup
ply a good litter and plenty of It.
Pasteurized Milk Safe.
Heating milk or Its by-products to
ICO degrees and holding it at this tem
perature for a certain length of time,
kills tho germs of tuberculosis and
other diseases that" might bo present.
This process is railed pasteurization
It is tho most readily available way of
rendering eafo milk that Is not known
to bo clean or is perhaps known not
to bo p. high-classtproduct. It makes
no pretenso of removing filth from
milk, hut it renders innocuous and
harmless tho impurities and disease
germs contained la it.
FOR FRUIT STORAGE
S5&
YUaUBtMAttUfeUElr?
-fi E
Gcisanncc Iron
oarranaea Guttering.
mm vujeporrj for vutitn
2fnpj.
oronrn vronc.
plans have been followed, but the one
to be used In any particular instance
will depend upon the cost ot handling
the Ice and the certainty ot the fruit
harvest.
The general principles involved In
the construction of such a house hold
for both plans. Where the structure
is for combined Ice and fruit storage
tho Ice chamber will of necessity be
much larger than when ice Is used
merely to lower the temperature of
the house at harvest time. The details
of construction shown in Fig. 1 mny
be so modified as to adapt the build
ing for either use.
If the object Is especially that of
n'rult storage, the ice chamber may bo
fco reduced as to serve merely as a
nker in which to place several tons
Ice at a time, to be replaced as
needed. The detail of Fig. 2 shows a
slat floor built of 2x4 inch Georgia
pine supported on 2x12 Inch or 3x12
Inch joists, as needs may require. Tho
joists are protected by a cap of gal
vanized metal 15 Inches wide tacked
to and formed over the top of tho
joists prior to laying tho slat Hoor, so
that the drip from each metal cap
may bo caught by the line of gutter
(Fig. 2, A) which is suspended be
tween the joists. This Is one of tho
simplest types of floor construction
possible for this style of structure.
CARING FOR CALVES
bURING THE WINTER
Modern Plan Which Makes Good
Cows LaterGive Young
sters Plenty of Bedding.
When the calf Is taken away from
the cow, It should bo turned into a
rqomy pen which is light and as sun
ny as possible, and contains enough in
tho way of straw or hay to keep tho
animal busy. By al, means must this
pen bo clean, and kept clean. What
ever tho plan of feeding when tho calf
gets to the grain stage, only what It
will eat up clean should bo given;
never have tiny grain, and especially
wet feed, left In tho box, for It Is like
ly to take away tho animal's appetite
for tho next meal.
At night see that the pen Is clean
and the door dry, and give the calves
plenty of bedding, being liberal with it
If tho night promises to bo cold. Dur
ing tho pleasant days let the calves in
to tho yard for a run, but do not keep
them there until they become chilled.
Handle them every day. but do not
play with them or tease them, If you
expect to raise them as additions to
tho herd. A pet calf makes an unruly
cow, nine times out of ton. Treat
them kindly and so they will get used.
to you, but let your affection stop
there.
Wrapping Apples.
If apples uro thoroughly cooled be
fore storing they keep better if
wrapped with oiled paper and put Into
tight boxes or barrels.
If put In storago when warm, tight
boxes and wrapping inako matters
worse. Oiled paper is better than
newspaper, because If ono upplo rota It
Is loss upt to Injure others If wrapped
with such paper.
Profit In Feathers.
So little attention is usually paid
to feathera, even on the farms where
many fowls uro dressed for'ths mark
et; and yet they can bo worked up
Into a prolltuble ejde'llne.
OKHAH)
DAMAGE BY CURRANT MAGGOT
Worst Past of Small Bush Fruits Its
Attack Causes Berrien to Turn
Red and Trop to Ground.
(By C. 1 GU.l.UTTi:, Colorado 12.v.)er.
mnt Station.)
Perhaps tho worst pest to tho cur
rant and gooseberry Is tho maggot
that gets Into the fruit before the ber
lies are ripe, cnuslng them to turn
red and drop. Tho adult Insect Is a lly
about the size of an ordinary house
fly, but a light olloIsh brown in
color with dusky bandB crossing Its
wlugfl. This fly deposits Its eggs, ono
In u place, just beneath the skin of
the currant and gooseberries, which
upon hatching develop into the mag
got. Tho fruit drops to tho ground
and the maggot escapes and burrows
a little beneath the surface of the
soil and remains until tho next spring,
We do not know any remedy aside
from that of allowing chickens to run
Harvesting the Currants.
among tho currant and gooseberry
bushes after tho fruit Is off, for tho
purpose of picking up these maggots
in the older stages of their develop
ment. Spading the soil around tho
bushes so that tho surface soil will
bo covered with four or five inches of
fresh dirt will also destroy a great
many of the Insects. Whatever can
be done toward gathering' the Infest
ed fruit and destroying it will also
lessen the number of flies to destroy
berries tho following spring.
PLANTING THE WALNUT TREE
Prepare Soil Carefully and Plant Nuts
Three Feet Apart In Furrows
Carefully Conserve Moisture.
V
Black walnut seeds uro to be gath
ered In the fall, and the nuts care
fully stratified The nuts are not to
be hulled even when tho seed is
planted, bb the hull Interferes In no
way with the germination, and It may
prevent the nut from drying out.
Gather the nuts, and alternate a
layer of them with a layer of sand
and leaves. Moisten the pile, and
allow it to freeze. Let It remain moist
and frozen all of the winter.
Plant the seed next spring as soon
as. the ground Is In a workable condi
tion. Mack walnut trees wjll not
make a good growth unless tho ground
is rich, and they ought not to bo
planted on any other kind. Prepare
the land carefully and-plant the nuts
three feet apart in furrows ten feet
apart. Plant the nuts four Inches
Jeep. As the black walnut Is very sen
sitive to dry, parched conditions, It Is
necessary to glvo the trees good cul
tivation, and carefully conserve tho
moisture.
SAYINGS OF PROF. HEDRICK
Careful Account Kept of Coot of Grow
ing Apples and of Profits Under
Intelligent Management.
Professor Iledrlck of the New York
Btato experiment station at Geneva
has kept careful account of tho cost
of growing apples, and of tho profits
under Intelligent management. Tho
net Income from the orchard averaged
during the ten year test period $93.74
an acre, equal to 18 per cent on a
$500 Investment Ho expectB the or
chard to do as well or hotter during
the next twent years.
Tho question of tillago versus sod
mulch In orchards Imh been often and
heatedly discussed. Professor lied
ilck states that for every dollar ho
lias taken out of the sod half of tho
test orchard he has taken $1.54 out of
the tilled half.
Apples are found more highly coi
ned on Bod than on tilled trees. They
arc also oarller and drier. Tho tilled
tuft ir about two ucfckw later, keeps
'i-tier and 13 of higher quality. TJie
II d trrrp now are much better In
iral appearance.
PROCESS IN ROAD BUILDING
Various Steps In Construction of High
ways Described Concrete, Gravel
and Brick Mentioned.
Highway Improvement, like tho
growth of population, should bo pro
gressive, argues a student of tho sub
ject. Knch should be suited to the
requirements of Its peilod, says Cleve
land Leader. This contemplates, first,
Sand-Clay Mixture With an Insufficient
Amount of Sand, tho Grains Not Be
ing In Contact.
tho proper locating, grading and drain
ago of tho sub-base, which are essen
tial to any good road.
This sub-base can be used as an
earth road during tho years when traf
fic Is light and enn be kept In service
able condition by dragging after spring
and fall rains at a cost of $30 a year u
mile.
The second step fs to make a gravel
road, when travel IncreuBes or funds
become available, by upplylng several
Inches of sharp, clean gravel after
dragging and rolling tho earth road.
This can be dono In most places for a
few hundred dollars a mile, and main
tenance will cost about one hundred
dollars a mile.
When the gravel road Is outgrown,
it forms an excellent foundation for
n concrete surface It Is only neces
sary to loosen tho gravel and roll it
to uniform compactness, then lay a
course of hydraulic concrete to carry
heavy traffic. Tho surface construc
tion costs approximately $1.50 a
square yard. Maintenance should not
average more than $50 a mlle
The final step In progressive road
building, when heavy teaming and
trucking predominate, Is to lay a
course of vitrified brick or grnnlto
sets grouted with cement on a sund
cushion on top of tho concrete. Or,
If part of tho road should become a
residence street or bo set apart as
Clay Mixed With Sand to the Point of
Saturation, With the Angular Sand
Grains in Contact.
a boulevard, a quiet pavement of
wood blocks, sheet asphult or asphalt
blocks can bo Inld on tho concrete.
This Is tho most practical and eco
nomical plan, providing for varying
volumes and kinds of traffic over a
century or more of use and involving
loss ot Investment In pavements that
aro excessively costly to malntuln and
which are not essential as a founda
tlon In the final type of highway.
GraveLJmprovcB Roads,
Where gravel Is abundant roads may
be greatly Improved by spi ending a
layer of tho samo on a tentral space
In tho road. This spaco should bo
not less than say twelvo feot wide.
If the gravel Is suitable, two to threo
Inches of It will tend to firm the road
bed. Of course tho Ideal way where
tho -materials are suitable and the
expense can be borne Is to remove the
enrth from Oils central portion nml
nearly fill tho depression with small
stones. Then cover with two or threo
Inches of earth and ovor this spread
tho gravel. A goort'road is thus made
and ono that lasts, but this can only
ho dono where such material In plenti
ful. Keep Vater From Road.
Whcro u road runs along a hill, tho
water must bo kept from running upon
tho road. Tho sido ditch must he am
ple and, If necessno. a string of tllo
put three feet or more below the bot
tom of tho ditch on the up-hill uldo,
which will present soepugo from bo
low. Instruction for-Road Boss.
Every road boBs should attorn! roa-l
inalUnft school and read all he u
about hlghwm construed. n ui d u u
His Only Possession.
Al ItogerB was traveling through a
lonely section In tho BUburbs ofllos
ton one night, a short while ago, when
he wns startled by hearing tills pite
ous appeal:
"Will tho kind gentlomnn please
help a poor unfortunate man? I"
At thlH point Al felt to locnto his
watch. Tho other continued:
"I have nothln' In tho world but this
loaded revolver."
Seeking Worthy Objects.
"Dodsworth tolls me that he Is n
practical philanthropist."
"That's Jmt what ho Is. Hofore of
fering a dime to a beggar Dodsworth
asks him so many dtsagreonblo ques
tions that tho poor dovll Is glad to cs
capo without tho dime."
The more a man knows the less
he thinks ho knows.
Yes,
son
just as cheap and in the provinces of
160 Acrt Homesteads are Actually Free to Settlers and
Other Land at From $15 to $20 per Acre
The people of Hutopcan countries as well as the American continent
must be fed -thus an even greater demand for Canadian Wheat will keep
up the price. Any farmer who can buy land at $15.00 to $30.00 per acre
get a dollar for wheat and raise 20 to 45 bushels to the acre is bound to
make money that's what you can expect in Western Canada. Wonder
ful yields also of 0t, Barley nnd Flax. Mixed Farming is fully as prof
itable an industry as grain raising. The excellent grasses, full of nutrition,
are the only food required either fo beef or dairy purposes. Good schools,
markets convenient, climate excellent.
Military serv'ce Is not compulsory In Canada but there is an unusual demand for frtrm
labor to replace the many younc men who. have volunteered tor service in the war.
Write for literature and particulars as to reduced railway rates to Superintendent
Immigration. Ottawa, Canada; or to
W. V. DcnnoH, 220 17th SI., Room
4, Deo Building, Omaha, Nebr.
Canadian Goverment Agent.
MODERN LIVING COMES HIGH
Observer Thinks There Are Too
Many "Necessities" In Demand
at the Present Time.
"Ono of tho reasons for the cost ot
living," observes a wiso clubman,
"lies In tho fact thnt peoplo buy
wholly unnecessary things. I had a
conversation with tho proprietor of a
novelty shop in Fifth avenue a fow
days ago. A shiny object had attract
ed my nttentlon, nnd I required about
its use.
" 'Thoso,' said tho proprietor, 'aro
gilded pincers to pick up letters ono
has placed on the letter-scales.'
" 'And thnt Ivory stick, curved and
forked at tho end?'
" 'Peoplo ubo that to fish out things
they have dropped Into carafcB."
" 'That square of morocco, nbout
tho size of a nut what Is that for?'
" 'That's a tampon used to press
down stamps after sticking them on
envelopes.'
" 'That ornamental box with a wholo
battery of llttlo brushes?'
" 'Thoso aro to clean other brushes;
brushes to clean hnlr-brushcs, brushes
to clean tooth-brushes.' " Now York
Evening Post.
Why Thomas Concurred.
Whack, whack, whack! Tommy was
undergoing a painful punishment at
tho hands of his loving mother for eat
ing tho jnm.
"Tommy," she said seriously, when
sho wns forced to pause, "this hurts
me far more than It does you."
And when Tommy was ulono with
his brother ho produced a square
board ho had concealed, and thought
fully murmured:
"I thought all along that bit of wood
wouldn't do her any good!"
Important to Moth or a
Examhio carefully overy bottlo of
CASTOKIA, a safe and sure remedy for
Infants and children, and sco that It
llnnra ilia JS
Signature of CJLV4&M
In Uso For Ovor 30 Years.
Children Cry for Flctcher'a Casloria
Inconsistent.
"Tho English are queer people."
"You think so?"
"Yes. In time of peace they treated
Tommy Atkins with contempt nnd
mado him horc, and now In time of
war they treat him with so much good
liquor that thoy make him drunk."
. Cause Removed.
"Did you notice how fow Sundny
sclmol picnics thoro wero this sea
son?" "I did in n way."
"How in a way?"
"I did remark how little rain wo
hud."
The View.
'There is a story In that face!"
"You must bo suolng it out of the
talo of your oyc."
Beautiful, rloar white clothes delights
the lauudicsu who uses Ited Crocs ilnll
lllue. All 1,'ioccin. Adv.
Jinny a man who boasts of his blue
blood bus a streak of jcHow.
Sometimes It Is nlno a good rule
that won't work both ways.
gmmmmimiPW&
Good
devils'
food is made of Van
Houten's Rona Cocoa
instead of tfrated or
melted chocolate.
Use less cocoa. Half
pound red can
25c
waiting for every farmer or farmer's
any industrious American who Is
anxious to establish for himself a happy
home and prosperity. Canada's hearty In
vitation this year is more attractive than
ever. Wheat Is higher but her farm land
Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta
sumemmmmmmm
Travesty on Real Fnlataff.
Yarmouth has a claim upon all Eng
lishmen qulto Independently of Its as
sociations with tho breakfast bloater,
remarks a writer In St. Nicholas. Eor
It wns the homo of ShnkcBpearo's I'al
staff, who appears to have boon a man
of exemplary piety. Tho Falstaffa
were an old Yarmouth family.
"A Falstolfo or Enlstaff," writes
John ltlchnrd Green, "wns bailiff of
Yarmouth lit 1281. Another Is among
tho first of Its representatives In par
liament, nnd from thnt tho mouthers
of thnt family filled tho highest mu
nicipal ofllceH. John Falstolfo, a man
of considerable account In tho town,
purchased lauds at tho cIobo of tho
fourteenth century in Calstor, and be
enmo tho fnther of Sir John Falstolfo,
who, after a distinguished military ca
reer, was lucklesb enough to glvo his
nnmo- to Shakespeare's fnmous char
acter. In Yarmouth, howover, ho was
better known as a benefactor to tho
great church of St. Nlcholus.
At the First Signs
Of falling hair got Gutlcura. It
worl(B wonders. Touch spots of dan
druff nnd Itching with Cutlcura Oint
ment, and follow next morning with a
hot shnmpoo of Cutlcura Soap. This
at oneo arrests falling hair and pro
moted hair growth. For freo samplo
each with 3I!-p. Skin Hook, address
post card: Cutlcura, Dept. X, Boston.
Sold everywhere. Adv.
A Woman's Way.
"Your doom Is senled," cried tho
villain.
"lln!" laughed the herolno defiant
ly. "I guess I can steam It opon."
Tho Test. '
"Is ho a good lawyer?"
"I should vy ho Is. Ho'h acquitted
soiuo of our most notorious crimi
nals." voim OWN imiuhuisy wiu, teh. you
Try Murlno Kjo lliMiicily (or lied. Weak, Walnry
Kycn nnd (Jritnulntrd Kjritlldn; No HiDartlnif
timt Kfii ttiinrnrt. , Wrltn fur lloiik "if Un Kjo
r ui.ill Kri'u. ilurlno Ko Itemed? Co.. t'lilcuuo.
You never hellevo a man vhoii ho
Ilattei'H you, but you like to hear It
just tho snnie.
Don't Persecute
Your Bowels
Cut nut rndmrllrft nnrl nurrrnf lv Tlu nra
t utmui, iutiBH,uiiiicti:63iiry, 11
.CARTER'S LITTLE
I LIVER TILLS
! Purely vegetable Act
Kenny on (lie liver
! eilmlii.itc bile, iiml
soothe the (Iclli-alt'i
membrane ol (hey
bowel Cure.,
Constipation,
Kllloiiinni,
i Sick llrad-
I ache tod IndiKcilloo. ii million, know.
' SMALL PILL, SMALL DOSE, SMALL PRICE.
Genuine must bear Signature
W-bLY NOT XRY POPHAIVrS
ST MEOiOiNEi
OIvch I'riilnut mill Positive llrllef In Kverv '
b (June, hold by On (.'KlslH I'rleull.OU. '
t TilulI'ui-kiiKo by MalllOc. '
I WILLIAMS MFG CO., Props., Cleveland, 0.
W. N. U OMAHA, NO. 52-1914.
yrwK
ffifgiiiHii wm i crw
iiyrv.Tji a ma t m l. a .
'M&WMV HTTI T
immvMr raivtK
uwtuavLFa ! PILLS.
W YrWJJ!
COLT DISTEMPER
fUn ItA tiftnrttiwf vArvrotNllv. Tim nick nro pumt. and all nthm In
vi!aiuoUL.l)liOlu.uf.'r ItuWexiN l Utpt from having tho ch
'haso. by urW WUIINi LIQUID DlhTLMl'l K CUKU Glvo on
rtlm tontie. nr lit trt, M'tu on tlio blood ami 'x"U (ten us d
an lorinn or mi wiui r, iui remtuy over Known mr in a ret in loai,
)na bottlo KuarunttM toctirennoiuito. bouanutla boUleitOaml
tiu dozen of UrumdM ami liaruom dwflero. or frut exproa pM by
tniLiiiifiictiirorK. Cut iliowi how tu noultlOH thrnatn. Ojf fri
I jioolfletKlvfMuvorythsri. Ijocal (went WAUttui. Lartfeat aelltmf
,v Lortwrviuodr latuUtence twtlvoywtm,
6P0HN MEDICAL COu UtoUdudDacterlcIojUti, Gt)8hen lnd.f U. 8. A