THE SEMLWEEKLY TRIBUNE. NORTH PLATTE, NEBRASKA.
I
r
Za
t
THE COUNTRY'S WAR AGAINST
THE FOOT-AND-MOUTH
Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.
Fourteen states have been qtiarnn
tlncil by the United States govern
ment (or foot-and-mouth disease
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New
York, Now Jersey, Delaware, Pennsyl
vania, Maryland, Ohio, Indiana, Illi
nois, Michigan, Wisconsin, lowa and
Kentucky, This disease Is new to
farmers of tho United States, for
there have been only Ilvo outbreaks
In tho history of the country and of
theso tho first threo were unimportant
and tho two others confined to a com
paratively limited area. In Europe,
however, It has long been a well
known and dread scourago. Should
it qver bo permitted to establish it
Belt as firmly hejro it would cause not
only tremendous losses to stock but
Typical Lesions on the FeeL
seriously intcrfero with tho supply of
meat for the people.
Tho foot-and-mouth disease affects
particularly cattle, swlno and sheep.
It is characterized by sores in the
the mouth which make swallowing
painful and frequently cause the ani
mals to refuse all food, and by sores
on the feet which cause lameness and
in severo cases, occasionally result in
the hoofs dropping off. The animals
lose flesh with extraordinary rapidity
and In tho case of milk cows the milk
supply is so seriously affected that It
frequently dries up altogether. The
first evidences of tho disease are a
chill followed quickly by fever, the
tomperaturo sometimes rising as high
ass 10G degrees Fahrenheit. Small
vesicles or blisters' about tho slzo of
a pea appear shortly after in tho
mouth and spread rapidly. As thc
disease advances ropy saliva hangs
from tho afflicted anlmnl's mouth,
which Is opened and shut with a
peculiar smacking sound. In a short
time similar eruptions appear on the
feet, which aro red, tender swollen
and painful. In consequence the ani
mal persists in lying down and bed
sores soon develop. Tho udders of
milk cows arq also susceptible and
tho sores intcrfero with milking.
Most Contagious of Stock Plagues.
Although tho mortality is, except in
very severo outbreaks, comparatively
low, foot-and-mouth disease is prob
ably the most contagious of all stock
' plagues. The germ which causes it
is so small that it is invisible under
tho mlscroscopo and passes through
the finest filter known to science. It
can bo carried In any one of a hun
dred ways. In addition to direct con
tact with affected animals, tho disease
can bo communicated by hay, straw,
bedding, harness, ropes, in fact, any
thing that has even indirectly camo
in contact with diseased animals.
Cats, dogs, and poultry have been
known to carry the. germ from farm
to farm, and In particular this is fre
quently dono by human beings. Al
ready in tho present outbreak cases
aro on record where tho curiosity of
farmers has led them to visit infected
herds. On their return to their own
homes theso men have given tho dis
ease to their own animals. For this
reason tho authorities aro urging up
on every one tho duty of refraining
from such visit's and of keeping
strangers from visiting their stock.
Tho contagiousness of the dlsoaso
indeed is such that whon one animal
in a hord becomes Infected it is con
sidered useless to attempt to savo
tho remainder of tho herd. For this
reason the federal authorities have
ndoptcd tho only practical method of
stamping out tho disease, namely, tho
slaughter of all cattle, sheep and
swlno on an Infected farm. When a
case is discovered a deep trench Is
dug, the animals led into it, slaught
ered, their hides slashed, and the car
casses treated with quicklime and
then burled under at least llvo feet of
earth. It is advisable to slaughter
tho animals in the ditch itself in order
that the ground may not becomo af
fected by dragging tho dead bodies
over it. Tho hides aro slashed part
ly in order to facilitate tho action of
Didn't Believe In Tattling.
Marjorlc, aged four, was In tho li
brary with her father, while her moth
er was superintending tho preparation
of dinner. Tho attention of the heud
of the house was attracted by a
RprntphliiK sound, and ho looked up to
find his daughter at work with a pair I
of scissors on tho top of a polished :
table "Marjorle," he said, sternly, "go
tell your mother what you've boon do
ing' I wont do It. papa." she laid
"Do ju think I'm a tattletalo?' '
Judr.t '
frffijffisii
the lime and partly to removo any
temptation to dig them up again nnd
sell them. The entire farm promises
aro the thoroughly disinfected and uo
stock allowed upon them for a period
of approximately sixty das.
Appraiser Valuco the Herd.
In order to compensate) tho owner
of his property thus condemned in tho
interest of the public wolfare, an ap
praiser Is appointed by tho state au
thorities to value the herd. Tho sum
thus fixed is divided! equally between
tho state and the federal authorities.
In tho last outbreak In 1908 In New
England It cost tho federal govern
ment, which wns then paying two
thirds of tho appraised values, ap
proximately $300,000 for condemna
tion, slaughter and disinfection. Tho
present outbreak is regarded as much
moro serious.
Tho inspectors engaged in this
work aro equipped with a complete
rubber outfit which can be thoroughly
disinfected after each cxposuro to In
fection. Persona who havo not tho
advantage of this equipment should
rigorously refrain from exposing them
selves to tho least risk of infection.
As has already been said,- tho disease
is frequently transmitted by human
beings, nnd It Is really a crime for
any one to gratify his curiosity at
tho expense of his neighbors. In ad
dition to this danger there aro also a
number of cases on record In which
both children and adults have become
infected themselves. Ordinarily the
disease is not serious In men, but
weakly children who drink contami
nated milk suffer so severely that In
a few cases death has been known to
result. With adults the malady usu
ally takes no moro serlouB form than
a slight eruption In the mouth similar
to fever blisters and possibly a simi
lar eruption on the hands and fingers.
Thero may be also some fever and
nausea, but there Is comparatively lit
tle danger. In countries where tho
disease Is prevalont many authorities
bellevo that it Is fairly general In
human beings but that tho consequent
disturbances In health are so slight
that thoy are not brought to tho at
tention of physicians.
Started in Michigan.
The present outbrea'k originated In
southern Michigan but how the germ
found its way there is not yet defi
nitely known. It seems probable "that
some cattle became Infected, that
their milk was sent lo a creamery
and tho skim milk then returned to
bo fed to hogs. A herd of theso in
fected hogs was then shipped to Chi
cago where they infected tho stock-
Ropy Saliva Hanging From Mouth of
Stricken Animal.
yards before they themaelves revealed
any symptoms of the disease Onco
this had taken place, every shipment
of stock from Chicago to other parts
of the country was likely to spread
tho Infection. For this reason fed
eral Inspectors have for some tlmo
now beon engaged In tracing, by the
aid of bills of lading and other rail
road records, each of those shipments
to Its destination nnd inspecting tho
stock thero. This accounts for "tho
discovery of cases In states as far re
moved from each other as Iowa and
Massachusetts. The various quaran
tines already Imposed havo been de
signed to prevent tho continued move
ment of cattle from infected or sus
picious places. Onco theso move
ments havo been' halted and all tho
exposed cattlo brought to a standstill,
it will bo posslblo for the federal au
thorities to locate all suspicious cases
j and by tho slaughter of all exposed
The Oldest Handicraft.
The toy Industry Is one of tho old
est Industries in tho world. Tho Brit
Inh museum can show us a doll (with
strings of mud bends for hair) and
others with movable arms, with
which the children of anclont Egypt
played on the banks of tho Nllo.
Jointed dolls and dolls' furnlturo huvo
coino down to us from the days of
Greece and Rome, nnd wo know that
balls, tops and toy animals were fa
vorlto playthings at an oven earlier
date
Yny
cattlo ultimately cradlcato tho dis
ease. Tho federal quarantines nro ac
companied by stnto and local quaran
tines of Individual Infected fnrms.
From these no produce whatsoever
can bo sent out. In ninny cases chil
dren are not even permitted to go to
school, and the farmer cannot drive
his horses on the public highways.
Stock Raisers Should Help.
Tho chief obstacle In the way of tho
successful prosecution of this cam
paign of Isolation nnd extermination
lies in tho dnngor that thoro ir.ny bo
concealed sources of infection Al
though tho farmer receives tho ap
praised value of his herd, It Is In
evitable that tho summary slaughter
of all his stock should cause him con
slderablo Inconvenience as well as In-
Slaughtered Cattle In Trench Ready
for Burial.
direct financial loss. To U1030 who
can see no further ahead than this
and who do not realize what It would
mean to tho entire country if tho dis
ease were onco to gain a firm foothold
here, there Is a natural temptation
not to report suspicious cases to the
authorities. This, howover, is simply
to cut oft one's noso to spito one's
face. The disease cannot bo stamped
out by ignoring it. The only posslblo
way in which stock raisers ran save
themselves tremendous losses in tho
future is to co-operato now with the
authorities by reporting every sus
picious case of soto mouth or lame
ness among their stock nnd by as
sisting in enforcing the quarantines,
both federal and local, which havo
been declared.
EXCELLENT POINTS
CONCERNING SWINE
Alfalfa Recognized as of Greatest
Value in Hog Feeding
Care for Sows. '
(By C. S. MILLER.)
If you Intend to plow your blue
grass and clover pastures next spring,
let tho pigs have free range over them
untjl the snow falls.
No other feed for small pigs ranks
as high In value as skim milk. If
you do not havo plenty of It on your
own farm, better arrange to get some
from a neighbor, oycn It It takes
trouble to do It.
In tho West alfalfa Is now recog
nized nB of the greatest valuo in
hog feeding. Givo a brood sow plenty
of cut alfalfa with a small ration of
corn, say not moro than two pounds
per day, and Bho will corao through
tho winter) in fine condition.
A slop mado of shorts and hot wa
ter, fed every other day, Is an excel
lent thing for brod bowb.
A good many men will tear them
selves from close proximity to a hot
stove, dash out Into the storm, shovel
a fow bushels of corn on the ground
for their hogs, and then leavo them
to shiver and freeze without adequate
shelter during the night These men
aro tho fellows who are nlways sure
thoro Is no money In hog raising.
Since Doctor Mooro's discovery ot
tho hitherto unknown qualities ot
copperas, it has been used with great
success to preservo tho health of
hogs. A very small portion, sny a
tcaspoonful in a barrel of drinking wa
ter onco or twice a week, Is recom
mended. FIND PLEASURE IN POULTRY,
Woman May Find as Much Enjoyment
With Flock of Birds as She Does
on Shopping Expedition.
Tho woman who finds herself pos
sessed for tho, first time of a flock ot
poultry will soon learn that sho may
spend an afternoon working with her
birds and bo Just as much amused as
if she bpent her time shopping, nor
will sho bo nearly so tired as if sho
had beon walking around on hard
sidewalks.
Instead of being out of pocket for
most overy woman will buy things that
sho does not need if sho chances to
seo their. she will find that sho has
added to the possibilities for gain.
To bo out in tho open air and sun
chlno la to soo moro real llfo than
does tho woman who is always In tho
house. J
".
Center of British Industry.
Within two or threo hours by rail
and linked to the River Humhor 'by
a network of canals, llvo 12,000.000
to 15.000,000 people, mostly engaged
In manufactuilng and mining, and
largel) exporting their products to
forolgn lands and receiving from
abroad tho bulk of their law material
nnd fooil supplies. Seed crushing,
(lour milling, oil refining, ind the mak
ing of jalnts and other goods Into
which these oils enter, nro tho specie
industries of Hull, England.
WHEN THE
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IF fwTT fir I JDJJUfl9
Above, German infantry, deflected from Ghent and Hrugcs, passing through niankcnburghc, Just outside Ostcnd.
Ilelow, tho kaiser's Infantry which entered Ostcnd, marching along tho sands of tho North sea at that port, which
thoy hoped to utilize as a baso of operations against England. '
LADY LETHBRIDGE AS NURSE
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MM MU M V $. SIM W H M
Among tho many women of tho
Uritlsh nobility who nro giving their
services to tho Red Cross is Lady
Lethbrldge, who established a hospital
at Calais, where thousands of wound
ed Uelgians nnd Germans arc cared
for.
MAXIM'S GIFT TO SOLDIERS
d jStt-X.CCvt , rv...
Sir Hiram Maxim, tho famous in
ventor, chopping up pork to bo usod
in his gift to the Canadian troops,
which consists of 25,000 ono-pound
tins of pork nnd beans, prepared by
himself and cooked by tho method fol
lowed by the lumbermen of Canada.
King Albort of Helglum shows quali
ties of grit and enduranco that would
havo mado him a star on tho football
field in his younger days.
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GERMANS REACHED THE
COUNTESS GREY'S
Countess Groy hns converted her beautiful homo, Howlck castlo, North
umberland, Into n hospital for wounded British nnd Belgian soldiers, and sho
attends them with her two daughters. Tho photograph shows Sorgt. Joseph
Jacobs of tho Tlrlomont regiment showing his wounds and narrating his
experiences to two of tho workers nt Howlck castle. Ho Is only olghtoon
eniD old, but was In overy engagement of tho Belgians from Llego to Mnlincs.
TROOPS OF THE
Tho bucccbb of tho Russians in Austria Is said to bo duo largely to tho
precision with which thoy aro moved from one position to another. A do
lachment of the Infantry 1b hero shown In tho trenches.
206,869 Prisoners In Germany.
London. A Router dispatch from
Amsterdam says that, according to
Berlin newspapers rocclved there, tho
number of war prisoners In Germany
up to October 21, aggregated 290,800,
including 5,101 officers. Of theso it Is
said that thoro aro 2,172 JJronch offi
cers and 14G.S97 mon, 2.1C1 Russian
olficorH and 101,521 mon, 517 Belgian
olllcers and 31,378 men and 218 Brit
ish officers and 8.CC0 mon.
War to Put Lid on Absinthe.
Paris. Permnncnt ' prohibition of
tho snlo of abslntho nnd kindred alco
holic bovoragos in Kranco may bo a
result of tho war. Transportation
and sale of abslntho w'oro forbidden
when tho war began, and tho govern
NORTH SEA
tj . r
on
MILITARY HOSPITAL
CZAR IN FRENCHES
ment now has supplemented this or
der with another forbidding tho salo
of alcoholic drinks similar to abslntho.
Honor for Undersea Chief.
Berlin. Captain Weddlgon, com
mander of tho German submarine
U-9 which sank tho British cruisera
Hoguo, Aboukir and Cressy in tho
North sea and has boon active other
wise, lias received tho decoration of
tho Ordro Pour lo Merito.
Cossack Cloak and Joffre Hat;
Paris. The Joffro hat nnd Cossack
cloak aro definite features of Parb
winter fashions, Tho hut Is mado ot
dark velvot. It Is round and fiat
with a peak, Tho cloaH Is heavy and
loose, oudlng nt tho knees.
