THE SEMNWEEKLY TRIBUNE. NORTH PLATTE. NEBRASKA.
! PICKING, PACKING AND MARKETING APPLES
New Costumes of Fur Cloth
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Strictly No. 1,
(By II. B. ni'SUING)
The best method I have ever tried
la picking Into baskets. Theso bas
kets should bo about half-bushel bas
kets, with drop handles.
The baskets should bo smooth on the
JnBldo; that is, free from strlpB around
the inside or bottom. They should bo
lined with burlap to prevent bruis
ing, and n short iron hook should bo
attached to tho handle to suspond the
basket from tho limbs, so as to enable
the packer to use both hands. The
great advantago in using tho basket
I ilnd lies In'the fact largely that if
tho apples aro carefully placed in
It they aro not bruised.
Tho worst objections that I have to
tho baskets aro that they are not so
bandy as the sack, and that some
times careless pickers aro disposed
to toss apples into them as they set
upon the ground or hang on a limb
ft few feet away.
My experience is that apples packed
from tho table and immediately placed
in cold storage (if they are to be put
in cold storage) will give by far tho
best results.
This method adds from two to four
months to the keeping of tho fruit.
You cannot afford to let your fruit
lie under the trees or in a building
for two or threo weeks before you
barrel.
' Every day's delay in packing and
shipping will cost you money and
quality in your fruit, and if you aro
not tho loBer, the party who buys it
is.
Fruit grown in a warm latitude, or
harvested during a warm September
or October must be quickly handled.
But when properly handled at picking
timo, as I have suggested, there will
not be much room for complaint.
A good barrel is essential if you
"wish to store your fruit, and have it
keep well and sell well. We suffer
from lack of good cooperage.
A tight barrel is tho best, and the
"better it is made tho better results
ryou will have. There will be less loss
-c from shrinkage of fruit, from rats and
mice and other causes.
In my orchard I have eight pickers
and six sorters and barrelors In each
gang. A good strong table, construct
ed of light, strong material is pro
vided. This table is sot in tho center of 16
trees; sometimes if the fruit is scarce
and the trees are very small, the ta
ble is sot in the center of 24 or 3G
trees.
Four or six rows aro carried for
ward at once and tho table is moved
along the center rows and sot in tho
middle of the square at each movo.
I usually have one man who nails
tho hoops, the headllners, and takes
out tho heads of barrels, preparing
them for filling. It Is quite Important
to have headllners, as It prevents loss
. In shipping and facilitates tho exam
ination arid inspection of fruit in stor
age. This man usually heads up tho bar
rels when ready. A second man does
tho facing, and tho third, who should
oe a good apple man and foreman of
the gang, empties the baskets and as
sists in the sorting
He inspects tho fruit as sorted, and
dlreots tho work. This leaves three
men who do nothing but stand at the
table and sort. If tho packors are
-not. able to Ueop tho table supplied, a
man from the table is put into tho
trees to pick until the balance Is re
stored. If you have good fruit and It 1b
worth money in tho market to warrant
you In so doing, you should make two
grades: Ono strictly No. 1, or fancy
grade; and another, which will take
fruit that is slightly defective, but
good for immodlato uso, commonly
termed No. 2, In tho market.
Usually it will pay as well or bet
ter to sell this No. 2 fruit to tho evap
orator or the elder mill, instead of
putting It- In expensive barrels, and
to this add the cost of freight and
commissions, getting no more, and
perhaps not as much net as you would
have realized in bulk.
Another advantago In selling to the
elder mill or evaporator Is that you
take it out of tho market of green
fruits and transfer it to another of
dried frlut, whero It does not como
into competition with your good green
fruit.
Face tho barrels with good, well
colored apples of even size, put in a
basketful of another layer of similar
fruit on top of tiro facers, then fill
your barrel with apples freo from
blemish or worm holes of a size small
er than two and one half Inches In di
ameter for Ben Davis and Jonathan,
or two and one-fourth for WInesap. "
Settle the fruit in barrel as each
or Fancy Grade.
basket is emptied in, by shaking the
barrel.
This is very important, ns your fruit
will bo tight in tho barrel nnd require
less pressing of tho head, and conse
quently less bruising of tho fruit.
When No. 2 Is packed it should be
faced with No. 2 fruit.
After tho barrel Is full and tho fruit
Is well shaken down, adjust tho apples
on top so that they are as nearly lev
el as possible.
This will Insuro equal pressure
throughout tho barrel, will prevent
your fruit being brulsod unequally, and
will present a much better appearance
on being opened, and the fruit will
have less slack as a result of a few
months in cold storage.
Stencil or stamp name of the apple
on tho faced end of the barrel. No. 1
fruit should bo also stamped with
your own namo. On No. 2 fruit leave
your namo off, but stamp tho namo oi
tho apple.
When shipping to a commission
house thoy will furnish you with a
numbered stencil which will answei
in place of your name for them to
make returns by.
In hauling barreled apples to the
car and In shipping, lay tho barrels on
the side, never stand them on end it
you wish tho fruit to remain tight
in barrels.
CHIEF QUALITIES
OF THE CURRANT
By Growing and Marketing Each
Season, Fruit Will Be Found
Quite Profitable.
(By F. L. RISING.)
Until ono has becomo fully ao
qualnted with this small but prollt
able fruit, by growing and marketing
it each season, ho will not dlscovei
tho accommodating qualities it has.
Tho bush is usually healthy
Borers bother occasionally, but the
currant worm Is tho worst pest
That comes from a fly, and beginning
down at tho lower branches strips the
wholo busli of foliage.
Spray with white hellebore in a
paris green solution, touching tho un
derside of tho leaves.
Tho best thing about tho red cur
rant Is that there Is no rush nor
hurrying it off to market, for if it ie
kept in a cool place, four or flvo days
do it no harm; that is, if the fruit
has been carefully picked and ban
died.
It is nice work to neither mash,
pinch nor strip them from tho stem,
but that is the only way to make a
suro thing of currant picking.
Put them at once in berry boxes
For prlvato customers pack In crates
For a distant market send in five oi
eight pound baskets.
Prices of good currants are apt tt
vary as they depend upon tho cus
tomers. Largo handlers get threo oi
four cents a pound and some are ro
tailed at six and seven. Hotels anc
bakeries buy largely. The formor
give us readily eight, and when
scarco, ton cents.
Currants keop on bearing for years
if the old wood is cut away.
On a farm I inherited, some line
been prospering 18 or 20 years. We
had tho bushes rejuvenated by prun
ing, tho cultivator was set working
and in tho fall the ground was plowed
turning all tho earth up toward the
bushes, letting It remain until spring,
when some compost waB applied.
The Man and the Market.
Location playB an Important part in
any business. Tho man who lives a
long distance from market will seldom
Ilnd It profitable to grow small fruit
that must be hauled several miles in
the hot sun to be marketed.
Ho should try to sell finished prod
ucts from his farm. Butter, eggs,
cheese, pork, beof and mutton aro all
llnlshed products that can be success
fully marketed for long distances.
Prune Your Grapevines.
If your grapevines have been al
lowed to grow rank and do not produce
as they should work up your nerve
and trim them to stubs this winter.
You will have no fruit next year, but
after that, with .propor pruning, you
will doubtless get a great big crop
every season.
Reckon on Mr. Cod. Moth.
It does not pay to count on a big
apple crop hecauso thero is a big shew
of blossoms in the spring, for Mr. Cod
! Molh has to bo counted on.
Why Uncle Sam Is Building a New Noah's Ark
WASHINGTON. Undo Sam Is building a real Noah'B Ark in the city of
Washington. True, it is never expected to muko a voyage, but it will
bo located on tho banks of tho Potomac, not far from tho water, so that with
a little structural modification It might
m m iL? m3
brated craft, Inasmuch ns tho pinna
require that it shall bo ratproof, verminproof, fireproof unci excellently voli
tated and lighted. In short, it is to bo ns Banltary a Btructuro as posslMo,
in order that tho animals may bo kept healthy and comrortablo.
This government ark Is designed tor scientific purposes. It 'a to be built
in obedlenco to an net of congress which became law August 13, 1912, and
which requires tJie public health servlco to "investigate the diseases of aian.'
Tho contract for Its construction has boon let for $20,852.
If tho ark were called a sanitarium for beasts and birds, such a t,,-m
vould not bo much amiss, Inasmuch as tho inmntes aro to bo subjected thoro
In to hospital treatment.
There Is to be no vivisection on board tho ark no operations of experi
mental surgery Tho patients will bo treated as kindly and carefully ns if
thoy were human. But only In somo instances will they suffer from diseases.
In other cases (as with many gulneaplgs and rabbits) thpy will bo used mere
ly Yor testing the potency and purity of antitoxins and vaccines sold in inter
state traffic. ,
Here Is a Jolt for the
rHE old-fashioned farmer who governed his planting by tho movements ol
the moon will receive a jolt from a bulletin Just Issued by tho department
of agriculture declaring that neither tho moon nor tho planets have the slight
est effect on weather conditions, and,
therefore, cannot have any effect on
planting. "Plant your corn in tho full
of tho moon" a rule regarded as lit
tle short of sacred In many rural com
munities, is entirely disproved, ac
cording to the department's bulletin.
"All weather changes depend on
temperature differences," tho bulletin
says. "The temperature, as wo know,
constitutes of Itself a most Important
weather factor. Another and equally
important weather factor is rainfall.
But to obtain rain it is necessary first to evaporate water from tho surfaco
of the earth, and this, bb everyone knows, requires heat.
"Still another important weather factor Is tho direction and force of the
wind, and this, too, requires heat, for tho winds will not blow unless iho
temperature Is different at ono place from what it is at another any more
than the air will draw up a chimney whore thero is no fire In it.
"Since, then, tho heating of tho earth and Its atmosphere to different tem
perature is tho real cause of tho winds and of all weather changes, It follows
that the moon nnd the planets can affect the weather only so far as thoy
supply heat.
"The amount of heat sent to tho earth by all tho planets and by tho moon
is insignificant in comparison to tho amount that comes from tho sun. lenco,
wo could not expect tho moon or tho planets to appreciably affect the weather
slnco they do not supply heat, tho ono thing that causes all our weather
changes."
Government's Oldest Bible Is in Supreme Court
WHAT is known as tho oldest Bible In tho keeping of the government is
tho volumd preserved in tho clerk's office of the Supremo court. Since
1800 every chief Justice who took oath used it, with tho exception of Chaso.
AH members of this samo court nre
tno usual ceremony.
Tho book is a very small ono, Just five and a half Inches long by threo
nnd a half Inches wide. The binding is bright, red morocco Jeather with tho
word "Bible" in tiny gold letters on tho back, but this binding is preserved
by tho black leather covering, which hns been fashioned to fit snugly and
slipped over tho original backs. So hard has been the wear of over a hun
dred years of uso that 15 of these covers have been worn and discarded
Contrary fto tho belief of most people, tho presidents do not take their oath
on the Blblo of tho Supremo court. As a rule, thoy use ono of their own
but as thero Is occasionally a tlmo when tho Incoming oxecutlvo forgets the
needed volume, tho clork of tho Supreme court always keeps a now Bible on
hand. If this 1b used, it Is immediately presented to tho wife of tho now
president.
Forty Souls Were Lost for the Want of Straw
JUDGE W A. WATSON, ono of Virginia's now representatives, lives in a
t town called by tho uniquo namo of 'Jcnning's Ordinary." This odd tltlo
is derived from tho fact that In colonial days It was customary to call a
.ua W4 (! uii utuiuuij vvwuu inu
curing a license for same, and the
namo of Jennlng's Ordinary, or Jen
nlng'c inn, has como down tho years
with its quaint, old English sound.
Llko most members from tho Old
Dominion, tho judgo has a largo con
stituency of colored people, and knows
somo good stories of their peculiari
ties. Among tho most popular Institu
tions of that section of tho country Is
tho annual summer camp-meeting, at
which religion nnd watermelons nro
both liberally dispensed, with watermelons largely In tho majority.
Tho colored sisters, after weeks of seeking religion, often fall Into a
trance when thoy "feel they aro saved," and this necessitates having tho
ground spread with straw. But ono night tho deacon had looked upon tho
melon when It was red too long and neglected his duty In this respect So
no sister "got 'liglon" for fear of falling on tho baro ground.
This rattled tho preacher. Rising, with tho moon shining on his obony
countonanco, he shook his fist at tho erring dencon, exclaiming: "You dono
failed In jo' duty and now dero Is forty souls lost horo tonight for want
er Uraw! '
bo set nlloat In case of necessity.
Tho ark will be 90 feet long and
fJ3 feet vide or "beam" ns im visi
tors would say. It will bo of two
stories, or decks, nnd built expressly
for tho accommodation of '.Llmnls,
which will Include monkeys, dogs
cats, mice, rats, r.tbblts, guInoKplgs,
horses, chickens, ciiIvcb and goats.
Tho affair will be in some ro
opects very superior to Noah's cele
Old-Fashioned Farmer
sworn In on It, as well as all lawyers
who try cases before this augusl
tribunal.
Daniel Webster, however, Is said
to be an exception to this rule, for
whon tho lime enmo for administer
ing the oath to tho great statesman,
tho clerk of that day, a Mr. Caldwell,
was so much impressed by tho tamo
of Webster and so nnxious to hear
him begin his speech, that he forgot
fDERE 13 -fO J0JJ1.V)
LOST FUR D
IVANT OB
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fDERE is -fO WUl-V) .jZiKfc
LOST FUR oe SjflfcWs
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HEN entire costumes mado of
plush first appeared thoy mado a
strong appeal on tho scoro of novelty,
but seehied somowhat heavy. Manu
facturers hnvo improved tho quality
of tho new plushes or "fur cloths"
for (unking suits and cobUuucs by
making them lighter in weight, moro
supplo and handsomer than over.
Somo of them are mnrvelously faith
ful copies of certain furs, as broad
tail nnd mole. Thoy aro made In a
greater number of colors than In for
mor seasons nnd thero Is no doubt of
their success In ontlro costumes.
In nny ropresontntlvo display of
suits and costumoB those models em
ploying fur cloth aro found combined
with plnln sTliopth-surfnced cloths.
Ocqasionnlly contrasting colors nro
used but much oftenor tho two cloths
aro of exactly tho samo shade. Tho
rich but sedate colors, fashlonnblo
for tho coming season, play Into tho
Three Hats for
HATS elaborate nnd rich enough to
giaco the smartest of occasions
nre hIiowii In tho pretty group pictured
hern. Ono of them came from that
celebrated woman among French de
signers to whom somo oxcellout Judges
of millinery would hand tho blue rib
bon If a contest for supremacy were
on
This delightful and novel hcadpleco
from Madamo Georgette la a rathor
small hat with narrow drooping brim
of velvet. Tho odd crown Is like a
fan, supported nt tho loft side by a
band which nnrrows to tho right until
it almost disappears. Tho crown Is
mado of overlapping strips' of a fancy
braid and might ho effectively man
aged with velvet or other ribbon
At tho front a tall fancy feathor of
ostrich and chcnlllo makes a decora
tion full of dash. Tho hat Ib worn at
a saucy tilt but Its lines aro so well
managed that nothing o? tts elegance
Is lost.
Entirely different in character Is tho
plcturesquo and oxquislto brimmed lint
which first enmo to tho eyes of woman
kind in a Now York establishment, it
cannot suffer by comparison oven with
qo good an oxnmplo of French art as
tho Grorgotto turban.
."
hands of tho.so who nro introducing
fur cloths in entire .costumes. But
tho most attractlvo of all tho new
models are thoso in which smooth
faced cloths and fur cloths aro used
together.
In combinations of this kind plain
sklrtB of broadcloth with very wide
borders of fur cloth aro worn with
skirted coats in which tho two fabrics
aro cloverly worked 'up together.
Fur cloths aro ub well adapted to
millinery as to costumes and aro
mudo up into toquoB nnd turbans.
Thoy aro "utilized in muffs and nock
picccs and In coats for llttlo chil
dren. In these particular directions
thoy hnvo been considerably exploit
ed. But in costumes only tho begin
ning of their story bus boon told;
wo may expect to boo its splendid de
velopment as tho winter season advances.
Smart Occasions
'h.
k-X '
. .v4
The Bhapo has a round crown of
modorato size and a brim with slight
curves In tho edge. Tho hat Is in
whlto and black, thotop crown a rich
brocade In raised flowers on a satin
ground. Very handsome ribbon, with
pivot edge of silver, is draped about
tho side crown. Tho brim Is of whlto
faced with black velvet. A very un
usual ostrich fancy feather with Jot
stem and ornament is posed on tho
brim, two of tho pompon-liko ondB
near tho front and tho remaining one
at the sldo.
The third hat Is plalnor but is a rich
nnd elegant model depending upon Its
unusual outlines and richness of ma
terials for tho distinction that fixes its
class. It 1b of deep sapphire velvet
trimmed with pllago collar and tho
handsomest of shaded ostrich plumes.
This Ib also' tho creation of an Ameri
can designer, which goes to prove that
we can do very woll by relying upon
tho talent of our own millinery design
ers whother natlvo born or Imported.
Any of theso delightful hats might
bo mado up in othor colors than tboao
described hero. If tho color har
monies nro well thought out ropllcas
of them will loso nothing in beauty.
JULIA BOTTOMLEY.