THE 8EMI-WEEKLY TRIBUNE. NORTH PLATTE. NEBRA8KA.
LONDON WATCHING FOR ZEPPELIN RAIDERS
ROADS AS CROP PRODUCERS
Yw BORDEAUX MIXTURE FOR VARIOUS FRUITS
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Aa a precaution agnlriBt posslblo raids by Ocrraan Zoppolins, the sky above London la lllumlnnted nightly by
powerful aearclillghtn. Thla photograph was taken at Charing Cross, with the houses of parliament at tho left and
Cleopatra's Needle In tho foreground.
F
FROM FORTUNES
LOST IN THE WAR
Royalty in England Reduced to
Penury by Vanished Funds.
EVEN QUEEN FEELS PINCH
King George Comes to Aid of Relative
Too Poverty-Stricken to Pay His
Grocery Dill Prince Arthur
Has Rich Wife.
London. All becauso of the war,
which spares neither tho high nor tho
lowly, several minor royalties resi
dent In England find themselves with
in hailing distance of tho poorhouso
aa a result of having been deprived al
together of their incomes and soveral
of thorn actually would bo In want but
for tho fact that King Qcorgo has
como to their assistance. Mcanwhllo
not only the Icing and queen them
selves but several of tho othor most
oxaltcd members of tho royal clrclo
havo been bard hit In n financial way,
and at least ono of them has been
placed in a mightily embarrassing and
humiliating position.
Prince Christian's Income Gjne.
Prince and Prlncesa Chrlatlan, for
example, havo had their cntlro private
Incomo which canio from Gorman gov
ernment nnnuitlcn and monoy invested
In German securities swept away. Tho
prlnco, howovor, as tho chief ranger
at Windsor, has a salary of $2,000 per
annum and as such ho also occuplos
Cumberland Lodge, ono of tho finest
residences at Windsor In tho king's
gift, rent free.
It la absolutely lmpoaslblo for tho
princo to keep up this catabllahmonl
on a salary of only $2,000 a year,
which would not bo sulllclont to pay
tho servants' wages. Tho prlnco nnd
his family beforo tho war had an In
como of about $14,000 per annum, and
this has now absolutely ceased, for It
all camo from Germany.
Prlnco Christian, llko many other
minor royalties In England, lived up
lo tho last penny of his Income, and
when sudden financial pressure camo.
ho had no resources of any sort to fall
back on, and tradesmon about Wind
tor, to many of whom tho princo was
In debt, refused to deliver the usual
monthly ordors without cash when
111 a prlnco could not pay.
King George camo to IiIb relative's
aid and arranged with tho tradespeo
plo at Windsor to supply Cumberland
lodgo with nocossarlos In tho way of
food.
Queen's Brother In Bad Way.
Prlnco nnd Princess Aloxnndor of
Tcck, who nro notoriously among tho
most Impecunious of roynltles In Eng
land, havo also lost practically all
tholr prlvato means through tho war.
Tho prlnco, who Is, of course, Queen
Mary's brother, received an Income of
about four thousand dollars per nnnum
from Interest on mortgages on real
estnto In North Germany, and tho prln
cesa hna about two thousand dollars
per annum from Gormnn government
annuities.
Queen Mary has had to como from
time to tlmo to tho nld of her brother,
but her majesty now has to support
both him and tho princess nifd their
family altogether. Tho prlnco wns
appointed some llttlo whllo back gov
ornor general of Canada, but It Is un
likely that his roynl highness will go
to Canada until tho war la over.
Tho prlnco and princess with tholr
fninlly aro now occupying a fow roonia
at St. James palaco. They have but
two Hervanta and are living in the
.plainest and slniploiit manner.
Of all roynltleu in England tho ex-
P ES
1
king of Portugal and Queen Victoria,
IiIb wife, havo suffered most severely
In pocket by the war, and the royal
residence at Twickenham has been
thrown Into utter confusion.
The wholo of tho Incomo of tho
queen wns derived from German
sources, nnd of course censed, but that
did not amount to very much, not
moro than n fow hundreds n year. But
King Manuel, who had Inveatod very
largely latoly In Russian and French
securities, on tho advice of IiIb bankor
In Paris, has for tho moment been de
prived of nearly tho wholo of a con
siderable Incomo, excepting tho Inter
est on some of his holdings In British
Industrial concerns, which havo de
clined about CO per cent In capital
valuo.
Tho ex-monnrch Is In far worse cir
cumstances, aa a matter of fact, than
ho was at tho tlmo of tho revolution
In Portugal. IIo haa no resources to
fall bnclc on and no ono to come to
his aid.
Queen Alexandra Feels Pinch.
Queon Alexandra has-also felt tho
results of tho war severely. Her ma
jesty's oxtravaganco and carelessness
about her monoy affairs aro matters
that havo caused a good deal of talk
In tho roynl entourage of lato.
During tho last season Queen Alex
andra entertained In the moat elabor
ate nnd costly wny at Marlborough
houso, nnd na a result piled up very
considerable liabilities; to pay those
It became necesBnry that sho should
overdraw her banking account for a
sum of ?250,000; whllo arrangements
wore being made for thla overdraft
tho war broko out, and her majesty's
bankers would not entertain tho Idea
of tho loan.
'Her majcaty for somo short time
wna placed In tho most embarrassed
position, for sho could not obtain even
any ready monoy, a fairly plentiful
supply of which Is necessary to kcop
tho establishments nt Marlborough
houso and Snndrlnghnin going, and
thero woro certain liabilities to trades
pooplo which, though thero wns no
nctual legal obligation on tho part of
Qucno Alexandra to pay at ouco, pay
mont could not bo withheld without
giving rlso to unpleasant gossip.
Prlnco Arthur of Connaught has lost
MODERN WAR ARMS
Death Dealt by Machines Bat
tles Turn to Slaughter.
Wounded Officer Tells Striking Story
of Horrors Attendant Upon Pres
ent Manner of Killing In the
Great European Conflict.
Paris. In nn intorvlow a wounded
ofllcor told a striking story of tho
torrlblo results of war with modern
.inns.
"This Is not n- war of men," ho
said; "It Is a war of mnchlncs. Thero
Is an appalling soullcsanosa about It
that Is Inhuman. Men turn handles
nnd death files out In largo bundlos.
That Is what this battlo has boen. It
Is all really ono battlo on tho Mnrno
and tho Alsno.
"No ono can even concolvo whut
the battlo has been who has not seen
the battlefield. Men could novor kill
ono another by heaps and hecatombs.
They would sicken nt such wholesale
slaughter. .They would cry: 'Wo nro
soldlors, not butchers.' A battlefield
should not bo nn abnttolr.
"Only machines Ingeniously con
structed to destroy men ns locusts
havo to bo destroyed when they
sweep ovor fertile land, only nuto
mntlo denth dcnlors without heart,
pity, or remorse could carpet tho
earth with the dead In this frightful
way."
Anothor witness to tho terrific
slaughter, which Is not yet gonornlly
realized, Bald that tho French shells
burst with terrific effect nnd tear legs
pnd nmiB to pieces. If tho wound la
. ,..iiiUl!"
nn Income of about thrco thousand
flvo hundred dollars arising out of
money Invested In Germany, which
was settled on him by his maternal
grandfather. This was all the private
means the prince had before his mar
riage, but ho got, of course, an lm
monso fortuno with his wife, and
neither ho nor the princess havo suf
fered any special lnconvenlenco by
tho present financial disturbances.
Tho Dliko of Saxo-Coburg and
Gqtha, a first cousin of King George,
who has thrown iu his lot with the
German nnd Is fighting for his native
country, has lost for tho moment a
sum of about nlno thousand dollars
which ho had banked In London and
puyment of which hns been refused to
tho duke's agent In London.
Kaiser Sells English Securities.
Before tho outbreak of the war tho
kaiser was holder of a considerable
block of English government stock
nnd also of somo British Industrial
shares and railroad stock. .Over two
months ago the kaiser disposed of his
holdings, which was assigned In trust
for tho Gorman emperor to tho Prin
cess Henry of Battenborg. Tho prin
cess, by tho way, Is ono of tho wealth
iest of foreign royalties In London.
Shih will continue to receive tho Inter
est on it until thoNend of tho war,
wheu sho will pass it back to the kai
ser. King George derives practically all
his prlvato Incomo from money In
vested either fn England or tho col
onics, nnd haB not, therefore, suffered
any special loss by tho war, but It has
necessitated many cnllB on his purso
both In tho way of helping his rela
tives at home nnd In tho subscriptions
ho has been called upon to glvo to
tho various charitable funds for tho
relief of distress. Tho most extraor
dinary economics have, therefore,
been mado In the management of tho
royal cstnbllBhment.
Porrldgo and fruit form tho regular
breakfast now at Buckingham palaco,
with eggn and bacon onco a weok and
rish twice a week. Meat has appeared
on tho royal tnblo only onco a weok
slnco tho outbreak of war. Ono wny
and nnother the living oxpenses at
Buckingham palace have been reduced
by nearly GO per cent.
--
In tho head or stomach It Is all over.
This soldier added:
"It Is quite true, too, that many
men havo neon found dead without
any wound. We find thorn na wo go
ovor tho fields of battlo luiooling or
Bitting In tho trenches In a natural
attltudo Juat as If thoy woro still
alive, Just aa thoy knelt or sat when
a shell burst and in an Instant suffo
cated thorn -with mollnlto funics."
A Bed Cress nurso, a clover, busl
nossllko Fronch woman, who had ex
Perlenco In tho Balkan war, said:
"Germany must bo ono vnBt hospital
and Franco fa beginning to bo the
Bamo .- I havo Just traveled from the
Atlnntlo coast through the center of
Franco and saw wounded everywhere
"Already hods aro becoming senn-o
though fortunately there nro so manv
slightly wounded, that la, cleanly In
Jurod, that thoy recover quickly nnd
mako room for nowconiors. But It
brings homo tho Immensity or tho
struggle to boo evury avalhiblo school
Institution nnd public hall turned Into
a hoBpltnl as wjll ns every big rail
way station ami numberless private
houses."
War Brings People to Church.
Manchester, Euglnnd. Greatly in
creased attendant e nt church Korvlcea
la ono of tho mi'.rked offecta of tho
wur noted by Mn-ichoater clergymen.
One of them In n Manchester pnpor
says: "It Is surpfnlng to seo as large
an nttondauco nt a wool; night sorvlco
aa nt a Sunday survlco, It Is tho In
stinct of thoso loft at homo to find
fellowship at Bucb times. But tho out
standtng factor is that tho war Is
bringing us aa a nation Into tho pres
ent of tho realities of llfo and death "
Governmont Studies Show How the
Agricultural Output of Country
Depends Upon Its Highways.
That an Improved road will Increase
vastly tho productiveness of tho nrea
through which It runs has now been
satisfactorily demonstrated by stud
ies conducted by tho United States
department of agricultural in Vir
ginia. Conditions In Spotsylvania
county wero investigated with par
ticular caro and tho results havo
proved suprlslng. In 1909, tho coun
ty voted $100,000 to improve 40 miles
of rond. Two years after the com
pletion of this work tho railroad took
away In 12 months from Fredericks
burg, tho county seat, 71,000 tons of
agricultural and forest products hauled
over tho highways of that town.
Beforo the Improvement of tho
roads this total waB only 49,000 tons,
annually; In other words, tho quantity
of tho county'H produce had risen
moro than 45 per cent. Still moro in
teresting, however, is tho lncreaso
shown In tho qunntlty of tho dairy
products. In 1909 these amounted to
111,815 pounds, In 1911 to 273,028
pounds, an lncreaso of practically 140
per cent in two years. In tho same
time shipments of wheat had Increased
59 per cent, tobacco SI per cent, and
lumber and other forest products 48
per cent.
In addition to this lncreaso In quan
tity the cost of hauling each ton of
produce waB materially reduced. In
other words, the farmers not only pro
duced more, but produces more cheap
ly, for tho cost of transportation to
market la of course an Important fac
tor In tho coBt of production. From
this point of view, It Is estimated that
tho $100,000 spent In Improving tho
road In Spotsylvania county saved tho
farmers of that county $41,000 a. year.
In tho past two years tho trafilo
studies of tho federal experts show
that approximately an average of C5,
000 tons of outgoing productF were
hauled ovor tho improved roads In
tho county au average distance of
eight miles, or a total of 520.000 "ton
miles." Beforo tho roads wero Im
proved It was estimated that the aver
age cost of hauling was 20 cents a
"ton-mllo;" nfter the improvement this
fell to 12 cents n "ton-mile," or a suv
lng of eight cents. A saving of eight
conts per mile on 620,000 "ton-miles"
is $41,000 a year.
Because this saving, la cases of this
character, does not talto tho form of
cash put directly Into tho farmer's
pocket, thero Is a widespread tendency
to believe that It is fictitious profit,
whllo as a matter of fact it Is Just
as real a source of profit as an In
crease In tho prlco of wheat.
In Dlnwlddlo county, Virginia, for
oxamplo, whoro peanuts are ono of
tho staplo crops, tho average load for
two mules on a main road wasnbout
a thousand pounds beforo the road was
improved. After its Improvement tho
aver'ago load waa found to bo 2,000
pounds, and the tlmo consumed In
hauling tho larger load to market was
much reduced.
IDEAS ON ROAD IMPROVEMENT
Speedways, Joy-Ride Trails or High
ways for Pleasure Traffic Not
Wanted by Farmer. -
Sanity has overtaken the advo
cates of bettor rural highways. In tho
qld days tho good road advocate
dreamed of nothing less than macad
am, and his vlslonlngs ran often to
brick-paved paths and concroto coun
try lanes. All tho rural world rolled
smoothly by over traffic ways that
would cost anywhero from $5,000. to
$15,000 per mile. That waa before
tho farmer had really entered Into tho
movement and beforo tho smnll town
morchnnt, tho rural banker, and tho
county seat cities hnd begun to think
about good roads In terms of dollars
and contH. Twenty years of agitation
has brought us faco to facOj with tho
fact that tho taxpayer does not want
speedways, Joy-rider trails or roads
for pleasure trnlllc, says St. Louis Re
public. The man on tho farm wnnts
a good firm, well drained highway that
ho can uso nt any nnd nil soasons of
tho year, and he does not wnnt to bo
bankrupted or driven to tho poor
houso iu getting it.
Laying Pullets.
Pullets very often nro Blow at start
ing to lny owing to becoming too fat.
In growing pullets thero should bo
moro nitrogenous and less carbo
naceous food given them.
Importance of Movement.
Of tho 2,000,000 miles of public
roads In tho United States only about
two hundred thousnnd miles havo
boon given a hard surface. This
shows tho Importanoo of tho good
roads movement.
Poor Highways.
.Poor highways lesaen tho profit of
labor, lncreaso the cost of living, bur
don tho enterprise of the people, dull
tho morality of our citizenship and
hold down tho cducutlonnl advance
ment of tho country.
irl, -j rr- potash s
" "'Ut- 'lib
V .i , ' - i
Bordeaux Mixing Equipment.
Bordeaux mixturo la made of cop
per sulphate, lime and water.
Theso threo substances aro com
bined In vnrlous proportions, depend
ing upon tho kind of plant to bo treat
ed. For apples, pears, cherries and
plums (excopt Jnpaneso varieties) the
preparation is usually four pounds of
cjpper sulphate, with about tlsamo
-amount of lime, to 50 gallons of wa
ter. Poison is added as needed. Tho
copper sulphate will readily dissolve
In two gallons of hot water, to which
should be added enough water to mako
25 gallons or one-half barrel. Do not
ubo nn iron or tin vessel to dlssolvo
this In, as tho copper sulphate will de
stroy it, and besides tho lrou will spoil
tho bordeaux. A wooden pall is good.
Slake tho lime into a thin pasto and
add water to make 25 gallons. Pour,
or let theso run together "into a third
barrel, and tho bordeaux Is made.
When It is emptied Into the spray
barrel or tank, It should bo strained
through a brass wire strainer to catch
any of tho coarso particles or foreign
substances.
Whenever it is necessary to use a
quantity of the mixture, It is desira
ble to havo the lime and copper sul
phato in "stock solutions." A quan
tity of limo Is slaked to a paste and
hold so by being covered. with water.
Tho copper sulphate, say 50 pounds, is
RAVAGES OF THE
STRAWBERRY GRUB
Pest in Newly-Set Fields Cause
Much Greater Damage Than
Is Realized.
(By N. M. EDGEItTON.)
Tho working of the white grub In
uowly set strawberry fields annually
causes much loss, much moro, per
haps, than is commonly realized. Va
cancies here and thero amount to
quite a little sometimes when taken
In the nggregato.
The moro intensive tho culture and
higher tho prices prevailing, the great
or tho loss in money.
Tho grub begins his work na soon as
tho plants are sot and continues bis
operations throughout the life of the
plantation.
As this strawberry pest works on
tho roots of tho plants only, thero Is
no chance to reach his case with arse
altes. Tho only thing to do is to hunt
him out and kill him.
If a plant appears to bo wilting or
out of condition, not keeping up with
Its fellows, nlno chances in ten a grub
ivlll bo feeding on Ha root8.
It is not often that his presence can
bo detected in time to save tho plant
In n condition that will warrant Its re
tention In tho row of plants. How
ever, by destroying the grub other
plants in tho row may bo saved. As
theso grubs havo ferocloua appetltca,
& single specimen may be responsible
for a largo vacancy.
By having a pleco of ground under
cultivation two or threo years pre
vious to setting to strawberry plants
thero will bo comparatively small loss
from thla eourco, but wo never yot had
.a plantation that was perfectly free
from thla pest. Wo annually save
xnny plaiits by keeping an eyo open
for Blgns of his workings.
EXCELLENT PLAN
FOR HORSE-RADISH
Improved Variety May Be Se
cured From Seedsmen Mali
ner Is Recommended.
Horseradish Is grown from cuttings
of tho sldo shoots about the size of
a lead pencil, cut about four or five
Inches long and dropped Into holea
mado with a dlbblo or crow-bar. It la
a common practlco East to plant tho
cuttlnga botwoen early cabhngea and
then to cultlvato tho horseradish aftor
tho cabbages aro removed, as the
horseradish is not sold till lato fall
and winter.
If you havo a patch you can lift the
roots and trim the cuttings off. Tho
best plan la to cut them square across
at tho top and sloping nt tho bottom
so that you can distinguish botwoen
top nnd bottom. You can get an im
proved variety from tho seedsmen.
The Mallner Js good.
placed in a clean gunny sack and sub
pended In a barrel (ono with wood
hoops la much to be preferred) coa
talnlng 25 gallona of water. This will
dlasolvo In about a day. Ono gnlloi
of thla "stock solution" is equal to
two pounds of copper sulphate.
A good quick way to combine thest
threo substances is ns follows: Pui
the.amount of tho "stock solution" ol
copper sulphate required in a barrel
and add, enough water to mako 25 gal
lons, or one-half barrel. Put abour
seven pounds of the limo paste in s
barrel and add 25 gallons of water
making a thin whitewash. Pour, oi
let theso two run together Into a third
barrel, or directly Into tho spray bar
rel or tank, being sure to strain. When
partly run In, test with ferro-cyanlda
of potash to make Bure enough lime
has been used. If parls green, arse
nate of lead or any other poison Is to
bo used, mako It Into a thin paste
with a llttlo water and add It to thq
bordeaux mixture, which Is ready now
to bo used.
Copper sulphate solution is copper
sulphate dissolved In water. It is used
by somo growers to Bpray peach trees
to prevent the leaf curl where a spray
Ing for scale Insects Is not required.
Two pounds of copper sulphate to 5a
gallons of water la strong enough for
this purpose.
DODDER SEERIS TO
THRIVE BY THEFT
Tiny Suckers Drive Themselves
Into Stem of Whatever It
Captures for Its Food.
Many of our climbing plants chokt
young trees in growing by twining
about them too closely, but dodder has
an entirely "original way of getting;
good things, and seems to thrive by
poaching.
Tho pestlferouB plant has not a 8ln
glo rootnor any leaner but a llttlo
green leaf. It is a yellow, thread-like
twining stem, carrying here and there
small round clusters of little flowers,,
something like convulvulus.
Whenever dodder attacks anything,
It puts out tiny suckers that drive
themselves into the stem of what it
captures and take from tho stem all
tho sustaining food needed. When
pretty thoroughly developed and In
the" right condition they start out
great masses or tangles of wonderfully
entwined yellowish threads, which
are' liable to run and cover bushes,
whole crops, and destroying anything;
that Is near, as farmera well know.
Tho mlnuto dodder seedling stays
patiently waiting for nearly a month,
Then It 8ets Into growing rapidly;
Ub tip piorces tho ground nnd then all
of tho little seedlings get to curving
round nnd round and the work goes
on and on, driving in innumerable oth
er suckers until everything is ruined
in tho disastrous tangle.
Somo meager looking flowers en
deavor to do their blossoming duty
from which, Inter on, lots of tiny seeds'
scatter.
Picked Up In the Orchard.
It Is poor policy to top your crate
of apples or potatoes with big speci
mens nnd then let the rest be nil "hit
or miss." You will find that It will be
mostly "miss" when tho folks that buy
begin to claw your stuff over, as they
will bo sure to do. Better havo all
such things well graded. Both sort-
will sell better. The best ones will
sell for enough or moro to make up
for any deduction you may havo ti
mako In tho prico of smaller frultt
and vegetables.
Pays to Kep Bees.
Tho sheep fanner Isr at a loss to
know why moro farmers do not keet
aheep. The beo keeper ia In tho same
boat na to the farmer who does nol
keep bees. A few colonies can so eas
lly bo kopt that the profit and pleas
uro coming from this source aro worth
taking Into account.
Tho man who habitually eats honey
will novor havo troublo with kidney
disorders, as honey la both n food aud
medicine.
Value of Liquid Manure.
Farmers In this country do not an
preclato the valuo of liquid manuro
It la ono of tho greatest fertlllzlna
.w..w.,.M .wvi iu wiu yrucucai farm
er.
1
.Vik,
