THE SEMI-WEEKLY TRIBUNE. NORTH PLATTE, NEBRASKA.
'
HEARING ON CLASSIFICATION.
i-
m
t
v
'4i-
jak
X"
w&i M
:vf
V fc
P .
I
B
it. -
fry. -
"V
an ifje dead
Wonders of Fatehpur Sikri, in
Center of Hindustan.
City of Untrodden Streets Which for
Nearly Four Centuries Has Been
Deserted by all Save the Jack
al and the Leopard.
London. To tho south of Agra, in
tho center of Hindustan, llos tho
groat city of Fatohpur Sikri, n city of
untrodden Btreots, which for nearly
four centuries has been doserted by
nil savo tho jackal and tho leopard
and a few humblo weavers who find
refugo beneath lta lofty walls, writes
P. T. Etherton in London Graphic.
History has no parallel in tho astound
ing collection of palaces and halls,
courtyards, tho wholo created, ono
might say, on tho spur of tho moment,
as tho outcomo of n kingly whim,
and as suddenly deserted. Tho city
of Fatohpur Sikri stands, as it was
left, in a stato of astonishing' preser
vation. Mohammedan history tells us that
tho creation of Fatohpur Sikri was duo
to tho prophecy of a saint. Tho Em
peror Akbar, who ruled in India in
tho sixteenth century, halted on tho
elto of the city when returning from
his great conquests of westorn India,
to intorviow tho saint In question and
eecuro his prayers for a son and heir,
Akbar being then childless. Tho ad
vico of tho Baint was to tho effect
that tho omperor sond for his so
called Portuguoso Christian wife to ro
sldo at Fatehpur. This was done, and
In duo course a eon wos bom to Ak
bar, who afterwards becamo tho Em
peror .Teranglr. It 1b said, however,
that tho child may have been ono
substituted by tho saint for a royal
infant that was still-born. To com
memorato tho birth Akbar caused tho.
nrcat city to bo erected, and it is a
lasting memorial to tho genius of its
builder and tho skill displayed in tho
carving and decoration of its numer
ous palaces. Its lofty walls extend
for seven miles, and the city Itself
stands upon a commanding range of
bills, approach thereto being by seven
different gateways. Tho photographs
ehow what a beautiful city it was,
and interest in it was enhanced by
tho mystery which surrounds it. All
that Is known Is that it was occupied
for a few years, and then abandoned,
tho court being removed to Agra.
There aro buildings innumerable In
this wolrd city of tho dead, among
tho most remarkable being tho Panch
Mahal, a flvc-storled structure, which
stands unrivaled, since every ono of
tho countless columns on which its
tiers aro supported is of a different
design.
To achieve this unlquo object it is
said that each column was entrusted
State Railway Will Her Protest of
Oil Shippers.
Tho stato railway commission Is
holding a hearing on classification.
Twdco a year tho commission meets to
hear complaints on classification and
to make changes on Its own motion.
Tho Dlau gas company, at Omaha,
will ask for a now classification for
motal holders in which gas is shipped,
A chango in tho rating of oil Is pro
posed by tho commission. At present
oil Is rated at 70 per cent of fourth
class. Order No. 19, which the com
mission proposes to Issuo reduces all
classes. Tho commission now pro
pose to rate oil at fourth class. This
may lncreaso the rate 10 per cent aud
oil shippers will bo present to pro
test. Tho .commission will glvo thorn
a hearing and then decldo tho matter.
Secretary of Stato Walt has ruled
that tho writing in of candidate's
name3 on tho prlmnry ballot is per
missible. Ho has so replied to a lot
ter from County Clork E. . Bark
"jurst of Bartlett. Tho writing In of
nameB on the general election ballot
In Novembor Is permitted by tho gen
eral eldctlon laws, and tho primary
law says tho general election laws
shall apply to the primaries when pos
sible. The primary law also provides
for a blank lino under the names of
candidates In each division. This
blank Is for tho accommodation of
voters who desire to vote for some
person who has not pitd a foo and
obtained a place on the primary bal
lot In tho usual way.
H.'
", V ' v.
'.
9SK !S
.::,. au
$t:m 'jisfat
v v
f. . ".
,.,.. , .
K&3
A 'vwiE
State Food Commissioner Harman
hold another meeting with creamery
men for the purpose of inducing oper
ators of creameries to buy cream ac
cording to grade aud not according to
weight. Governor Morehend address
ed tho meeting. Tho creamery men
agreed to try tho new method for one
month, beginning August 1, without
changing tho price. This trial will
educato operators In mcthod3 of grad
ing cream and if it is found satis-
factory the method will be contlnuou
and different prices will bo paid in
accordance with quality and grade.
The railway commission has given
permission to the Omaha & Southern
lnterurban railway company to publish
a schedule of express charges apply
ing between South Omaha, Fort Crook
and Immediate stations. Included In
tho schedule which the road Is given
permission to publish U a charge of
15 cents for a case of beer, 15 cents
for a pony keg, 20 cents for a quarter
barrel of beer, and 35 cents for a half
barrel, 20 cents for trunks, 12 cents
for a one-gallon tub of Ice cream and
40 cents for a five-gallon tub.
Tho Great Gato of Victory, Built by
Akbar.
to a separato carver, who was Uiub
given an opportunuity of displaying
his skill, and many aro tho exquisite
results of their work. Tho glory of
Fatehpur, Sikri Is tho great Gato of
Victor, the "highest and grandest of Its
kind in India, towering 180 feet abovo
tho ground lovel, and built by Akbar
after his conquest of southern India.
Beneath tho southern battlements
of tho city is to Hluar, or Deer
tower, standing 70 feet In height, and
studded with elephants tusks carved
out of pure white atone. From tho
summit of this shooting stand, tho
emperor picked off tho game which
hadbecn driven in from the surround
ing jungles by a vast nrmy of beaters.
Another of the gems of Fatehpur Is
tho woll near tho Gato of Victory. It
is 00 feet in diameter, and from the
Avails abovo a man dives into it from a
height of 100 feet, which must suroly
bo ono of tho world's highest plunges.
Throughout the city aro terraces
and towers, throne rooms and gar
dens, palaces and many-acred court:
yards, all dceortcd and untrodden,
and Invested with a sense of loneli
ness and mystery such oe surrounds
no other spot in tho world,
Railway Commissioners Clarke,
Hall and Taylor have forwarded a re
quest to the Interstate commerce com
mission asking that body to suspend
the proposed increase of rates on emi
grant moveables which the North
western railroad company Intends to
apply from Nlckerson to Long Pine,
Snyder to Humphrey and Norfolk to
Hadar in Nebraska to points on Its
HneMn Iowa, Illinois and Minnesota.
The state commission asks the inter
state commerce commission to grant a
hearing on the proposed increase.
Work on tho now county farm
building Is progressing rapidly. Exca
vation has been completed and the
walls of the basement finished. Tho
work Is to be pushed and the part for
which tho contract has been let com
pleted by early fall. It is considered
certain that the slight levy to be
asked by tho commissioners for com
pleting tho building will bo voted and
tho contract for the remainder of tho
structure will, bo let as soon as this Is
done.
fHEN tho annual field UrfiM 11 1 . I I I SKf I
games and exercises WHJV 1 Fl ) I Jr. 1 KM
of tho Parker Prnctlso W' W V yJL JL I I - JFWl
days ago, a feature Vl X -vr-Vi 'MTVtt T T "V Cr -TTT TWlT itSPMBlteflEt? h Wm$ I
that brought unusual- AU "W iKLIJI U Ml II I lll Pl4--JyP,
ly long and loud np- M Kl IB )pi I l I J I 1 Y I M I'MmKs'F s) i,"MKrv
L r Plauso from the throng Jl XXllX'1 X i VJP J XW&2j
J r of visitors crowding J ' j X. V' ' jfciiflBiM'H
tho school campus was I v ArjA& k l 1 1 'BRiiRfci,
LT ' a sorio's of fancy J I 7!&&y&lfP fh 1 N !SP "mf
dances and drills given by sevorai fun-rtf'' irfc Pi XWMh,? t
classes of boys and girls ranging in (f dW&fy JiVs W I IWtN ! A
ago from six to sixteen years. ,- PI?' rN hmJLd " ! IMn iM V
a close observer might have no- Tlm P1 Zrl?$ AS. ..A jMfWy , jr ' fl-MI
tlced that as tho children went QfiSH S. A&" WIBtf M'iMKKl
i i i "" "TitriTiimlBrliWTO t vVJ
Takes SpJInters From Man's Body.
Philadelphia. Physicians at St.
Agnes' hospital havo removed 250
Lplinters from tho body of John Tom
aconl, who gathered tho "wood" when
he was thrown from a motorcyclo
whilo racing on a board track. Thero
are GO moro splinters to bo removed.
State Food Commissioner Harman
has declined to permit a Sioux City
firm to brand several kinds of food
products with the words, "First Prize."
Ho holds that such a label or brand
jR.mlRleadlnK to the purchaser or con
sumer on the ground that tho label J
does not show when or w.icre a first
prize was awarded on the food bo la
beled, and for the further reason that
It never did tako first prize.
ments, the names of all republican
state candidates and blank sections
where tho voter can write In tho
namo of a candidate for congresB and
stato senators and representatives.
Tho sample will be sent to county
clerks, who will add space in the form
of blank lines for county and local
tickets. A voter must depend upon
his memory for the names of candidates.
Feed Workmen on Chicken.
Taft, Cal. Helping to lncreaso tho
efficiency of their two hundred labor
ers so as to bo nblo to comploto n
$750,000 contract in the time specified,
the Virginia Pipe Lino Contracting
company will feed Its workmen on
chicken three times a week.
Within tbo week two Douglas coun
ty saloon damago suite havo been
filed In the district court of Loncas
ter county and n the ordinary course
of events tho taxpayers of this county
will bo called upon at the fall totm
of court to bear tho heavy oxronse of
trying tho same', notwithstanding the
fact that tho alleged causes of action
arose In South Omaha.
Stato Food Commissioner Harman
announces that beginning August a
all cream purchased In Nebraska will
bo bought according to grade. One
month's trial of the new method will
bo had. No difference In price for
first or second grades will be paid
until It Is demonstrated that tho now
method Is advantageous. Mr. Hap
man says under tho present systom
cream producer receives the samo
price for his cream whether he takes
caro of It properly or Improperly.
This, he says, Is neither equltablo,
Just nor fair.
But when inquiries were made It developed the
surprising fact that not ono of these children
could hoar the playing of tho piano; that they
wero, indeed, totally deaf, and depended .upon the
slight assistance given tliem by their teacher to
go through the different maneuvers with tho
same precision that would mark the movements
of hearing children.
Probably this fact alone would havo caused tho
visitor sufficient wonder, but he would hnve been
considerably more astonished n little later if ho'
had chanced to run across a group of tho same
children laughing and chatting together as mer
rily and naturally as If they had never known
what It was to ba denied the blessed prlvllego
of perfect hearing. Suroly tho ago of miracles
must have arrived when tho dumb can be made
to speak and the deaf to hear with their eyes!
But tho women who havo brought about these "
seemingly Impossible things do not regard them
as either mjracufous or especially wonderful.
They think It 1b the most natural thing In the
world that little ieaf children should be taught
to apeak and to read the speech of others. They
tell you, moreover, that tho only way In which
such children should bo Instructed is by tho
modern oral system, and that tho ancient method
of signs and finger spelling la qulto as much n
relic of barbarism as the practise of running a
ring through the- noso to beautify one's fea
tures. This may sound almost unbelievable to thoso
whoso only Idea of n donf person la onewho Is
totally devoid of tho power of speech and who
must depend upou the sign language to commu
nicate his thoughts' to others. Fifty years ago a
person would have been looked upon as a dream
er, or worse, If hfi had Insisted that children born
deaf could be arid should be taught to speak.
Even toduy tho general impression prevails that
a person who becomes deaf in Infancy must nec
essarily also bo dumb during tho wholo of IiIb
life, and, strangofy enough, this lack of power to
express one'B Bolf In spoken language Is ascribed
to some defect in tho organs of speech. Both of
theae conclusions aro entirely wrong. It has
been demonstrated beyond all doubt that prac
tically every deat child has perfect organs of
speech at birth, and that It Is a very rare occur
rence when a doaV person remains mute for any
other reason save tho lack of training which a
hearing child receTves through Its ears.
If you should go to tho Parker Practise school
any fine morning you would probably see on tho
broad lawn In froh of tho school various groups
of children at play undor tho watchful eyes of
their teachers. Hut It Is not likely that your at
tention would be attracted to any particular
group becauso of anything unusual In their man
ner of addressing .holr toacher or ono -nother;
all aro romping, laughing and shouting In tho
fulneBB of tholr chl'dlsh delight. Yet tho chances
are that some of tl eso children havo never In all
tholr years hoard "he sound of a volco.
Eiitei ing tho school you might go from room
to room and not discover for qulto a while that
thero was anything dlfforent in the manner of
Instructing tho pupils In ono from thoso In an
other. In some of thorn, however, you would
find the same littlo tots, who cannot hear, that
you passed on the lawn. If their eyes happened
to bo turned away from tho visitor upon his en
trance, their attention would not bo diverted,
since their organB of sight havo to perform the
duty of the useless ears. Should they see tho
newcomor, however, they will smllo nn affection
ate welcome, then direct their gaze once more to
the lips of tholr teacher. It is this concentration
of gaze which first betrays their physical handi
cap. All tho knowledge they receive must como
through tho sonso of sight, and so their eyes are
ever on tho alert to catch tho smallest movement
of their teacher's lips.
Tho oral-deaf department of tho Parker Prac
tise school Is under tho direction of Miss Mary
McCowen, tho founder of tho McCowcn Oral
School for Young Deaf Children. For moro than
thirteen yearB this school carried on tho pioneer
work for tho deaf In Chicago, and slnco 1896,
when speech classes wore organized In tho pub
lic Bchools, has supplemented that work by con
tinuing to teach tho very young children. Thoro
arts eight classes, totaling about ninety pupils,
under charge of Miss McCowcn and her assist
ants, the children ranging In ago from five to
stateen years.
The caller probably will bo ushered Into ono of
th'i kindergarten classes, Here ho will find ten
or a dozen contented littlo scholars seated In
baby chairs about a low tablo. It la likely they
will bo counting colored sticks, or making pat
terns with them, murmuring all tho whilo tho
nr.mcs of tho figures they nre forming. Tho
trtichor talks busily nnd naturally to tho children,
Just as if thoy could hear, no other form of com
irunlcatlon than spoken language ever being em
ployed. This Is necessary In order to so dovelop
tho bralnn of the children that thoy shall think
nnd express themselves in spoken langunge as
naturally nnd unconsciously as hearing children.
Two not unreasonable questions may bo asked
by anyone whoso notice Is called to UiIb work-
how and why do theso children reproduce tho
sjieoch they never hear? And second, what does
It do for the children when they uro grown?
Let ub watch ono of tho baby classes. Tho pro
gram suddenly changes from the play with tho
colored sticks and blocks. The teacher, leaning
forward, arrests tho attention of ono of her pu
pils, enunciating with perfect articulation soma
simple word. Instantly tho child's expression
crystallizes to reveal pure concentration of
thought. All the Intelligence of the childish men
tality 1b focused through tho eyes on tho teacher's
llpn. Then gradually thorn germinates In his
mind a sense of tho mental action that evoked
tho motions of her Upa nnd tonguo as she spoke,
and this sense bloomB Into nn Imitation of the
act, accompanied by tho corresponding Bound. If
this Is not correct tho teacher repeats the word
and Illustrates to tho child Just how It should
bo made. Usually ho gets It more and more per
fect each time, and when the lesson Is finished
he returns to his play, smiling from puro joy In
the Intellectual exorcise.
Only the simplest words aro glvon for the child
to roproduco nt first. These are really not words
at all, but mere sounds. When Individual sounds
are mastered thoy aro then combined to form
words. For oxnmplo, Bupposo tho child has
learned to make tho sounds of tho vowel ""a" (ah)
and tho consonant m." The teacher now places
tho child's hand upon her throat, and tho child,
all eagerness, prepares to imitate her. First alio
begins with tho sound of "a" nnd, whilo still
uttering It, gently closes her lips, but without
interrupting the sound. This action causes tho
sound of "in" to follow "a" and tho result Ib tho
word "arm." When the littlo scholar-Is mado
to understand to what the word applies ho Is
usunlly bo delighted that ho needs no urging to
repeat It over and over until he has It Just right.
Sometimes tho positions may ba excellent, but
tho sounding weak. Tho teacher will then direct
tho child to uso his voice. Tho meaning of this
direction nnd tho way of obeying It aro tnught
in tho very beginning of tho work by holding
tho child's hand upon tho teacher's throat and
chest while she makes utterance of a sound. HIb
hand 1b then applied to hlB own throat and chest
until ho hns produced similar vibrations. All
.the while, of course, ho Is watching bis teachor'B
llpa, and tho direction 1b repeated urltll ho has
learned Its meaning.
Tho power to distinguish differences of vibra
tion by touch Is a very important thing, for It Ib
tho child's chlof guide In modifying his own
volco later In raUIng It If It Is too deep, or
lowering It If It Is too shrill Exercises bearing
upon this nro conducted with musical Instru
ments bucIi ns the guitar and piano, nnd then
applied to the vibrations as felt In tho chest,
head and throat. Tho teacher first strikes a low
note and tho child, watching, feels tho vibration.
Then she strikes a high noto and calls his atten
tion to the difference. Next she places his Imurt
upon hor throat whilo she sings low nnd high,
notes alternately, and In time ho acquires tho
ability to recognizo the difference In tono by
touch.
Tho making of aspirant sounds, requiring tho
forcible oxhnlntlon of breath, such as "p," la ex
plained by using a fenthor or lighted candlo. Tho
expulsion of breath blows tho feather away or
causes the flame of tho candlo to flicker Tho
dlfferonco-belwcon "p" and "b," which have the
samo vlslblo motions, but not the same sound, Is
Illustrated In a similar manner. In tho case of
"p" wo blmply cloao tho lips, compress the air
in the mouth and then nllow It to OBcnpji in n
littlo volcelosB puff. But with "b," while tho llpa
, aro closed and opened In exactly the eamo way,
tho volco Is brought Into uso and this lessens tho
force of tho breath as It leaves the mouth. Gut
tural sounda llko "k" and "g," being formed at
tho back of tho tonguo, are difficult to acquire,
but tho use of tho mirror Is of particular assist'
anco In teaching the child the correct position
for tho sounds of theso letters.
Speech-rending, which Is tho ability to under
stand spoken language by watching tho speech
movements on tho speaker's face, goea sldr by
sldo with the teaching of Bpeech. From tho first
hour the child Ir tnught to watch his teacher's
lips and to nttach a mennlng to all their move
ments, and he learns to Interpret spoken lan
guage with his eyes as tho hearing child does
with his ears, without knowing tho how or why
of It.
Tho second question that as to what speech
does for tho deaf children when thoy aro gro'vn
up Is not difficult to meet. In tho first placo it
puts them on a moro equal footing with hearing
children both In their social and business lire.
Very few hearing people caro to tako tho trouble
to learn the sign lnngungo, or finger spelling just
for tho purpose of conversing with ono or tro
persons, and a cystom of written communication
Is nlwai's Blow and laborious. For this rcacun
tho deaf child who ennnot speak is always at a
great dlnndvantago when attempting to miimlo
with his more fortunnto brothers. Ho must con
fino hb activities largely to that aphero in which
his peculiar form of communication Is under
stood, and this sphere Is exceedingly small, com
paratively speaking. But with speech at hla com
mand ho finds a thousand avenues of usefulness
and endeavor, of which ho formerly knew noth
ing, opened to him.
