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THE 8EMI-WEEKLY TRIBUNE. NORTH PLATTE, NEBRASKA.
MRS. HARRISON AND DAUGHTER GO ABROAD
HOME SUPPLY OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
APPLE ORCHARD
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.- iunjuinui Harrison, widow ot tho lorinor preside..., and her daugh
ter, Elizabeth, who have sailed from Now York for a trip to Europe. Miss
Elizabeth has been attending a school in Connecticut.
BAIL TRAFFIC ON TEHUANTEPEC UD
PANAMA THANfflllAN LINES, 1913
Roads Carry $130,500,000 Worth
Their Termini by Ships From
Opposite Termini and
Ports, U. S. and
Washington, D. C Two small lBth
niian railways the Panama railway,
40 miles in length, and tho Tohuanta
peo railway, 190 miles long carried,
In 1913, $130,500,000 worth of merchan
dise, brought to their termini by ves
sels from the United States to be re
loaded at the opposite termini and
shipped to other ports of the United
States and to forolgn countries. This
Is double tho amount thus transported
In 1908, one year after the opening of
tho Tehuantepeo line, says department
of commerce report
The value of American products
carried across ,tbe isthmuses In this
circuitous tntercoastal traffic was, via
Panama, $31,000,000, and via Tehuan
topee, $99,500,000. Two-thirds of this
trade, according to the latest compila
tions of the bureau ot foreign and do
mestic commerce, department of com-
William B. Wilson, Secretary Depart
ment of Commerce.
niorce, moved westward, $23,700,000
worth via Panama and $62,400,000 via
Tohuantapec, whllo the remainder
moved eastward', $7,300,000 acrosB the
Panama lino and $37,100,000 worth
over the more northerly trans-isthmian
tine.
Only a few American ports partici
pate In this trans-isthmian traffic. Of
the westward movement, $84,000,000
worth of merchandise was shipped
from Boston, The east-bound traffic
included $21,800,000 worth from San
Francisco, $18,200,000 from Hawaii,
$2,100,000 worth from ports in the
state of Washington, $1,800,000 from
ports in southern California, and
about $400,000 worth from the state of
Oregon.
New York's shipments by way of
this vessel-rail-vessel route went
chiefly to San Francisco, 37 million
dollars' worth having been consigned
to our Paclflc coast metropolis, com
pared with 15 million dollars' worth
to other California ports, 6 million
to Washington Btato, 5 million to
Oregon, and 5 million to Hawaii, with
smaller shipments to foreign coun
tries, Including nearly 3 million to
Peru; nearly 2 million each to Pan
ama, Ecuador, Salvador and Chllo;
1 million to Mexico, and suma ranging
downward from a half-mllllou in tho
case of Honduras, Nicaragua, Colom
bia, Bolivia, Canada, Guatemala and
Costa Rica,
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of Merchandise, Brought to
U. S. to Be Reloaded at
Shipped to Other
- Foreign.
New Orleans' shipments via this
route wero all consigned to foreign
countries, chiefly those on the South
American west coast, tho largest be
ing $800,000 worth to Ecuador, $768,
000 worth to Peru, $427,000 worth to
Chile and $84,000 worth to Nicaragua.
San Francisco utilized the Isthmian
railways in shipping $14,600,000 worth
of merchandise to New York, $1,720,
000 to Massachusetts, $436,000 to Phil
adelphia, and $4,830,000 worth to for
eign countries, chiefly Germany,
France, tho Netherlands, England nnd
Belgium. x
Hawaii's isthmian traffic all pasBod
over the Tehuantepeo line and includ
ed $17,965,000 worth consigned for or
ders to Delaware Breakwater and
$187,000 worth to foreign countries.
Manufactures supplied most of tho
west-bound; sugar, fruits, wines, wool
and canned salmon most of the east
bound traffic) in domestic products
passing over tho isthmian railways
between the Pacific and Atlantic coast
ports of tho United States. Thus the
westward movement In the calendar
year 1913 Included G4 million yards of
cotton cloth; 17 million dollars' worth
of iron and steel manufactures, con
sisting largely of machinery, tools nnd
hardware; 6 million gallons of mineral
oil; Zi million dollars' worth of chem
icals and medicines; 6 million dollars'
worth of paper manufactures; over 1
million dollars' worth of cordago and
twine, and large quantities of boots
and shoes, soap, perfumeries and cos
metics, chinaware, glassware, brass
and aluminum goods, automobiles and
other carriages, smoking tobacco and
oysters and other fish.
Paclflc coast foodstuffs received on
tho Atlantic seaboard via these isth
mian railways Included last year 528
million pounds of Hawaiian sugar, to
be refined chiefly at New York and
Philadelphia, 21 million pounds ot
prunes, 12 million pounds of raisins,
over 5 million pounds of dried peaches,
nearly 1 million pounds ot dried apri
cots, 12 million gallbns of wines and
30 million pounds of canned salmon.
Wool (12 million pounds), quicksilver,
manufactures of leather, hops, copper
in ore, matte and pigs; chemicals, ob
phaltum and lumber also figured to
an appreciable extent In the move
ments of merchandise southward
along the Paclflc coast, eastward
aerobe the isthmian railways and
northward along the Atlantic coast to
our leading coast cities.
Tehuantepeo Isthmus is a forgotten
section in the present Mexican
troubles. Word occasionally, howevor,
comes from there. It shows that tho
Isthmus while overlooked in tho gen
eral melee, Is not forgotten by Zapata
and Huerta.
The Isthmus Is to tax disconnected
from the main current ot revolution
ary events that until recently Its geo
graphical existence haB been Ignored.
Now tbero are signs that it expects
to be beard from whenever peace
comes to Mexico and tho reconstruc
tion of tho country begins.
President Wilson's theorien of con
stitutional government will find no
suffragette bar in Tehuanteoc such
as may develop with tho Indian wom
en of other parts of Mexico, Wom
en's rights have prevailed lraraemc
rlally there, and when It comen to lay
ing the foundation for permanent
peace the Tehuana Indian women will
be of more account than ho men, as
they have been under tho tribal cus
toms for centuries,
Tehuantepeo has other worries than
tho revolutionary disturbances, and
theso aro what causa the disquiet over
tho future and give a shadowy basis
to tho humor of a separatist move
ment. Tho cnuso Is economic and ro
tates to tho question ot transportation
Tho Panama canal may put tho
costly Tehuantepeo railway practically
out of business and render almost
valueless tho cxponsivo port works at
Sallna Cruz, on the Pacific', and Coat
zacoalcos, or Port Mexico, on tho At
lantic. It is a possibility only and not
anything moro, but It Is disquiotlng.
That the canal will naturally reduco
tho trans-Tehuantopec traffic Is a cor
talnty. Tehuantepeo was a rival of Panama
almost from the timo ot Cortcz. In
tho middle of tho last century, when
Americans built tho railway across
the isthmus of Panama, another group
of Americans obtained concessions
from tho Mexican government for a
lino across tho Isthmus of Tehuanto
pec. Important explorations woro
made for tho American navy depart
ment under tho direction of Admiral
Shufcldt, and for a timo the quostion
was whether a canal or a railway was
tho moro feasible. Ultimately tho con
cession was annulled.
Along in the eighties some rails
wero laid, both from tho Atlantic and
tho Pacific side, and a fow years lator
tho ends woro unitod. When Presi
dent Diaz had pushed through various
railway enterprises in central nnd
northern Mexico ho turned to Tehuan
tepeo and put the government back
of that projoct. A new contract was
mado with tho firm of Sir Weetman
Pearson, the present Lord Cowdrey,
who had successfully carried through
tho drainage project for the city ot
Mexico. Under tho terms of tho Pear
son contract a working capital of
$7,000,000 was provided, and tho gov
ernment went Into partnership with
tho Pearson Arm on conditions which
would mako it the sole owner of tho
line and the terminals In fifty-one
years.
A largo element In the total coBt,
which Is said to have been approxi
mately $35,000,000, was for tho har
bor works at Sallna Cruz and Coatza
coalcos. It was realized that without
good harbor facilities interoceanlo
traffic could not bo obtained.
Sallna Cruz is hardly more than an
open roadstead, with the northeast
trado winds from tho Atlantic con
stantly churning the surf, and somo
j
Sir Lionel Carden.
serious engineering probloms, includ
ing a refuge harbor and an Inner har
bor, had to be solved. Tho difficulties
were overcome and Sallna Cruz was
made hospitable to traffic.
When tho road was completed its
total length was a lttlo undor two
hundred miles. The bird's flight from
ocean to ocean across Tehuantepeo is
about one hundred and twenty-flvo
miles.
British interests here, as elsewhere
In Mexico, aro vitally concerned in the
outcome. It is not presumed that
Lord Cowdrey and his associates havo
transferred any of tho obligations,
They also secured valuablo oil conces
sions on tho Isthmus ot Tehuantepeo
and are understood to have large hold
ings of lands. Tho connection of Sir
Lionel Carden, tho British minister,
with a land company In lowor Mexico
was explained in the news dispatches
from tho City of Mexico somo timo
ago.
At one timo some American money
was invested In the railway lino
known as tho Pan-American, which
branches off from tho Tehuantepoc
railway at San Geronlmo nnd runs
down to the border ot Guatemala. The
money was in the bonds which wero
turned over to tho American con
tractors as the different sections were
completed. Theso bonds were guaran
teed by the Mexican government.
Later the government took over the
railway and made it part ot tho Mexi
can system.
Two American capitalists who had
hold official positions In Washington
and in Mexico were the In termed',
arles. They wero supposed to have
made a good deal of money by tho
transaction,
In view of later developments this
may bo doubted. They got control of
tho International bridge across the
Suchlato river to Guatemala. But
since President Cabrera of Guate
mala was in no hurry to join up tho
Guatemalan linos with tho bridge, the
expected profits from tho tolls on
traffic across tho river did not mato-rlallzo.
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(By W. M. KRLLHY.) '
Our greatest joy In farming is grow
ing a bountiful supply of palatable
and nutritious frult3 and vcKCtahles
for homo use. Thero is nothing that
draws tho whole family Into a closer
spirit of unity than the hours spent
working among tho good things Which
n well-kept gavdon provides for tho
family tablo. For many years wo
havo used ono acre of ground, which
Is fenced chicken tight, to grow veget
ables and small fruits for homo uso.
During tho summer and fnlj months
moro than a comfortable living has
been obtained from this ono aero. It
has provided everything in the, way
of fruits and vegotablos oxcept apples
and potatoes, and a surplus of somo
things to oxchango for groceries at
tho storo. ThiB garden adjoins the
homo grounds and is protected on tho
north by an applo orchard and on tho
east by two rows of evergreens. Tho
portion occuplod by poaches, plums,
pears and quinces serves as a runway
'for tho young chicks, which in turn
benefit the trees by their droppings
and destroying lnsocts.
, A supply of peaches for two months
Ib provided by the Carman, Alexander,
Early Crawford, Champion, Elborta
and Lato Crawford, which gave us
about 30 bushels last year. Twelve
pear trees of nearly as many varieties,
including the Bartlett, Bosc, Anjou,
Clapp's Favorite, Blemish Beauty Lau
rence and Seckol, furnish plenty of
this dollclous fruit for eating from
the hand and for canning purposes.
An abundance ot plums has been
furnished by 20 trees of six varieties,
four Green Gage, two Monarch, two
Shropshire, two Damspn, two Red
June, four Satauum and four Abund
ance. Eight quince bushes, four Or
ange, two Champion and two Meech'a
Prolific, furnish an abundant supply
of theso appetizing fruits for canning,
preserving and jelly making.
Tho chicken-yard fence 1b hidden
from the home grounds by tho row of
overgreons. Tho west sldo of tho gar
den is devoted to grapo vines and
buah fruits. Two rows of grapo vines
8x8 feet apart and tied up on wiro
trellis-work furnish plenty of this
healthful and delicious fruit from tho
last week In August until frost comes.
The varieties Include the Worden,
Moor's Early, Moor's Diamond, Con
cord, Niagara, Llndley, Agawam and
Catawba. Next to the grape rows aro
the rows ot bush fruits; ono row each
of currants, black raspberries, red
'raspberries and blackberries. Next to
theso rows of bush fruits ono lono
row Is dovoted to rhubarb, asparagus,
and various liorbs and medicinal
plants.
Among the bush fruits our favor
ite varieties for homo use are Fay's
Prolific and cherry ' currants, both
large, vigorous growing bushes, which
produce fruit of excellent quality. Of
red raspberries wo grow tho Cuth
bert, Ruby Red and Syracuso Red va
rieties. Tho Kansas and Cumberland
are the raoat satisfactory ot tho black
varieties.
We also havo a fow bushes of tho
Columbia raspberry; a purple variety
which Is a strong grower, unexcollod
for productiveness and doslrablo for
canning. Our favorlto blackberry is
the Eldorado, which 1b tho hardiost
and Bweoteat blackberry wo havo over
grown. This variety matures strong,
vigorous wood and has never winter
killed or failed to produce a full crop
of tho finest fruit. Tho berrlcB aro
large, jet black, borne In largo clus
ters, and ripen well together. It Is n
very promising berry.
Wo mulch the vines and bush fruits
in the summer as soon nB tho cultiva
tion ceases and removo this mulch
early onough In the spring to plow It
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Of Great Help
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GARDEN AND
STRAWBERRIES
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40 FEET
BUSH FRUITS
AND ORAPES
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under for our vegatable gardon. In
this way tho mulching material aorves
a twofold purpose a cover for tho
vines and bushes during tho winter
and manure and humus-making mate
rial for tho garden tho next spring.
In tho vegetnblo garden, which is
60x203 feet, we plant beans, peas,
tomatoos, early cabbage, poppcrB, car
rots, turnips, boots, and other veget
ables in long rows and cultivate with
a horso. Tho only vegetables grown
In bods aro radishes, lettuco, Bmall
pickling onions and various plants for
transplanting into rows.
Tomatoes aro Bet threo feet apart
Land trained to barrel hoops fastened
to stakes, This takos a little moro
time and labor than to allow them to
spread over the ground, but tho fruit
is ot better quality and rlpenB more
evenly. Wo havo found tho Clark's
Early Jewel, Acmo and Ponderosa tho
most satisfactory varieties for homo
use.
Wo grow cucumbers In rows and
find H tho most satisfactory way for
a small plot. Early peas and string
beans aro planted in rows 24 inches,
apart, but lato peas aro planted in,
doublo rows with a. 30-inch chlckoil
wire botwoen for tho vinos to run up1
on. Wo plant the Burpee Bush Lima'
bean instead of the polo beans, be
cause thoy aro much easlor to grow.
Thoy aro by no means as prolific,
but two rows halfway through tho
garden gives us all wo can uso green
shelled during their season and enough
dry beans for wlntor. Wo grow pep
pers about tho some as tomatoes, ex
cept that wo do not train tho plants
to grow up on stakes or barrel hoops.
Wo havo practiced Intensive culturo
with tho best of results. By using
plenty of manuro, fertilizers and
mnlolilntr mntnrln! wn havo boon able
to get good crops each year. Wo plow'
doeply and apply lime, wood ashes
and chemicals to tho soil to keep it
swcot and kill various Insect posts.
Such crops as onions, radishes, let
tuce, boots, peas and cabbngo that a
light frost will not injure, are put in
as soon as tho soil will permit.
As soon as theso early vegetables
are out of tho way wo replace them
with cabbago, tomatoos, turnips and
other late vegetables. Wo also plant
soods ot tho samo vegetables at dif
ferent times bo that wo may prolong
their BoasonB. In this way we can
havo corn, tomatoes, pens, string
beans and othor early truck until In
tho fall. The surpluB of boots, tur
nips, cabbages and other winter veg
etables mako a valuablo supplement
to tho fowls' rations in .tho winter.
We havo no permanent plnco for
our Btrawberry bods, aB they aro ro
tated with tho gardon crops from year
to year. Wo usually put out 600
plants each year. Wo frequently re
new an old bed if it shows unusual
promise, or It tho nowly-startod bed
does not get well-started early in tho
season. However, as n rule, I bellevo
It pays best to ntart now beds each
year, because In a-rich garden soil the
old matted rows afford a fine breed
ing placo for rankgrowlng woeds.
We depend upon" our own beds for
about one-half of tho plants we put
out each year and usually buy from
200 to 300 plants of soma of tho
standard varlotles. Our favorite ber
ries aro tho Dunlap, Glen Mary, Clydt
and Marshall.
The whole aero is Inclosed with
poultry-tight fence. This doos not de
prive tho fowls of their liberty and
they cannot Injure the garden. No
attempt has been made to plant and
arrange fruits and vegetables artis
tically; and main effort haB been to
got tho greatest return for the timo
and work 6xponded Ours is simply
a farmer's home acre.
on the Home Acre.
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CONSTRUCTION OF ROAD DRAG
When Principles Aro Thoroughly Un
derstood and Intelligently Ap
plied Work Is Simple.
(Propared by tho United Stntoa Depart-'
ment of Afrrlculturo.)
Drags aro often constructed of
planks instead of logs. Tho plank;
should bo 8trongthoned along the mid
dlo lino by a 2x6-lnch strip. A trian
gular strip may be used under tho
lower odgo of tho blado to givo It tho
proper cutting slopo.
Tho successful operation of tho drag
Involves two rprlnclploB, which whon.
thoroughly understood and Intelligent
ly applied mako road working with
this lmplemont very simple Tho first
concerns tho length and position of
tho hitch, whllo tho second deals with
tho position of the driver on tho drag.
For ordinary purposes tho snatch link
or clevis should bo fastened far
enough toward tho blado end of the
chain to force tho unloaded drag to
follow tho team at an anglo of 45
degrees. This will causo tho earth to
movo along tho faco of the drag;
smoothly and will give comparatively
light draft to tho team, provided tho
drlvor rides in tho lino ot draft.-.
If small woeds aro to bo cut or a
furrow ot earth is to bo moved, the
doubletreo should bo attached rather
close .to the ditch end of tho dragj
Tho drag will now move nearly ditch
ond foremost, and tho driver should
stand with ono foot on tho extreme
forward ond of tho front slab. Thitt
will swing tho drag back to tho prop
er ..angle and will cause tho blade to
plow. This hitch requlros Blow and
careful driving iu order to provent tho
The Plank Drag.
drag from tipping forward. It tho
blado should plow too deeply, tho driv
er should shift his weight toward tho
back slab. If straw and woods clog
tho blado, thoy can usually bo re
moved if tho driver shifts his weight
to a point as far as possible from tho
ditch or blado end.
Usually two horses aro onough to
pull a drag over an ordinary earth,
road. When four horses aro used
thoy should bo hitched to tho drag
by moans of a four-horse ovoner Tho
team should be driven with one horse
on either sldo of tho right-hand wheel
track or rut tho full length of the
portion to bo dragged, and tho return
mado over tho other half of tho road
way. Tho object of this treatment Is
to movo earth toward tho center oC
tho roadway and to raise it gradually
above tho surrounding lovol. While
this is being accomplished all mud
holos and ruts will bo filled, Into
which traffic will pack tho fresh earth.,
EXPENSE OF ROAD BUILDING
Interesting Comparison Compiled by
Department of Agriculture Show
ing Money Spent.
An Interesting comparison botwoen
tho expenditure on public roads in
Uio United States in 1904 and in 1912
has JuBt been compiled by tho depart
ment of agriculture through its offlco
of public roads, showing tho tromen
dbus growth that has taken place in(
tho movement for better highways
within tho last eight years.
In 1904 the total expenditures on all
public roads In tho United States was
$79,771,617, but in 1912 tho expendi
tures for this purposo amounted to
$164,232,365. Tho expondlturo per
milo of public roads iu tho United!
States for 1904 was $37.07, but tho. ex
penditures per mllo for tho year 1912
had doubled, amounting to $74.65. Tho
expondlturo per Inhabitant in 1904
was $1.05, but in 1912 It amounted to
$1.78.
Tho greatest progress in road build
ing has been mado In tho states
which contribute from tho state treas
uries toward tho construction of state
aid or trunk-lino roads. In 1904 thero
wero 13 states that contributed out
of tho general fund $2,607,000, but
In 1912 thero wero 35 states which,
contributed $43,757,438. Tho states
having tho largest expenditures for
state-aid and trunk-line roadB in 1913 ,
woro as follows: Now York, $23,000,
000; Pennsylvania, $1,000,000; Mary
land, $3,370,000; Connecticut, $3,000,
000. Both Questions Important.
Tho subject ot good roads Is one that
will not down, but tho question of
keeping good roads is .qulto as Important
W i