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It'IN end dpsolntlon mark the & of
the ancient biblical cltv of i.iviu
Where, 'by tho water of Babylon." tho
Jewish nation "sat down and wept"
stand today staggering wallo of an
Hdlime splendor. Until a few years
ago what had onco been tho "cradle
of civilization" was covered with tho
dirt, and dust of ngos, but In 1000 a
number of Gorman archaeologists
cleared away tho debris, In part, and
uncovered portions of tho. royal city.
i in- worn is HUM being carried on and
tho photographs hero reproduced are tho flrat to
reach America showing tho results of tho Oorman
navants' labor of love For twelve years Prof,
itobert Koldewey, director of archaeological re
nearch In Babylon, assisted by Dr. Oscar Itou
ther. has carried on his work, supported by tho"
emperor of Germany.
On tho site shown In ono of tho pictures tho
Totter of Jjabei once stood. This Is tho scone
of tho confusion of tongues of tho blbllcnl story.
Several sites havo been assigned to tho tower.
That this Is the truo site is tho conclusion of Dr
Koldewey nnd his associates in tho o.tpodltlon
sent out by the Deutsche OrlcntgoBollschaU of
JJorlin. other scholars who huvo sought to lo-
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USE OF ELECTRICITY
Veteran Inventor of Californi?
Has New Device.
2t? JVZtttsiffg' rftTTrTfCHm? ttjwzfe gV Tmrnv:
Z&MPAS 'OF &M(SZZL8
cato the Bite have lacked tho evidence obtained
by Dr. Koldewey In his extonsivo researches.
Only tho elto Is loft. 'Time and wnr and the
elements assailed tho tower. For twenty cen
turies It crumbled. It was a quarry of building
materials for man. Practically Habylonla was
left unexplored until the last quarter of tho nlnn
toonth century. Before that tho work of destruc
tion had been completed. In the last cuntury
modem towns and vlllagos In tho vicinity cartod
ofT or lloatod down tho Euphrates the last bricks
of tho foundation of tho Tower of lJabol. Tho
foundation was over 3C0 feet squaro, a hugo,
bulky mass. Illllah, n madom Arab town, four
in I lea Bouth of It, was built with tho bricks of
tho ancient city. Thus porishad tho prldo of
Uabylon.
The temple of Esnglla, tho most Important
Babylonian sanctuary brought to tight, was a part
of tho Tower of Babol. Its ruins woro uncovered
by the German archaeologists after digging a
hole forty feet dcop thnt was as broad as tho
mouth of a volcano, Tho two walls in tho cen
ter of tho iilctu.ro mark the entrance to tho pas
sago, a quarter of a mile long, which connected
tht Btoop pyramid of Etomonnnkl, known in tho
Bible as the Tower of .Babel, with this templo.
Because of tho depth of tho debris caused by
the action of tho centuries which have veiled
the earth here the entire foundation of tho
Towor of Babel has not yet boon excavatod, but
tunnels at tho floor level havo boon, borod Into
tho aides until tho templo walls woro properly
established nnd then tho wholo edifice was nioaa
ured. This Is tho oldest nnd most momontous rulu
on account of its connection with tho Tower of
ltabel, and the bricks which onco reprosoutod
massive masonry are now so brittle that ono
can crush them betweon tho flngors.
In the picture showing tho ruins of Babylon
tho man on the left stands upon tho remains of
the brick pavement which was part of tho long
street named after Daniel, who, no doubt, him
flclf traversed Its length many times. In the
rulus on the right, In the hollow, thoro Is tho
jrato named after the goddess lshtnr. This Is tho
saost prominent and best preserved ruin In
Babylon. Its walls aro adorned with reliefs ot
bulls, the holy animal of Nuho, and dragonu,
tho holy animal ot tho god Mnrduk. It was
through this gate that the processional road of
tho god of Mnrduk led, nnd passing It nnd turn
Ing to tho right, It led on to Nebuchndnozzar'a
throne hall.
Tho excavations have brought to light many
curious specimens of tho work of tho ancient
people of Babylon. Tho largest ploco of sculp
turo yet unearthed Is, that ot a hugo lion chis
eled out of tin enormous block of granite brought
down tho EuphrntCB on n raft from Mesopotamia.
It shows a lion standing over n. prostrate man.
Tho work is crude nnd probably Is n product of
tho vory earliest art of Babylon. Tho sculptor
typifies tho superiority of tho lion's strength ovor
man's. Somo cofUnx of the mlddlo class wero
itlso found. Thoy woro of burned clay and llko
bathtubs in shape. Some of them woro very
short because of tho custom of tho Assyrians nnd
Babylonians ot burying tholr duod In a sitting
position, with tho head botweoa tho kuoos.
deposltetd o 1 1 o n In
round, roofed tombs, in
sonlo of which havo
been found tho phones
of tho dead of 2.500
years ago. Many ot
these colllns hnvo been
discovered In tho exca
vations about tho dwollings ot tho mlddlo classes.
While Gorman rosenrch has definitely fixed tho
location of tho Tower of Babel, tho origin of the
biblical story ot tho confusion of tongues has
not boon found in Babylon. That It Is a world
myth Is tho conclusion of scholars. It Is Inter
esting to noto that a similar legond Is found in
Central America in connection with tho pyramid
of Cholula, which was also Inteudod to reach
tho hoavons and which brought disaster to lis
builders.
But It this legend lias not been vorlflod by re
search tho dlscovorleB which havo rewarded tho
labors of explorers and urchaeologists In Baby
lonia havo bcon many nnd of tho highest valuo.
Innumerable tnblotB havo bcon colloctod which
when deciphered will throw light upon a civiliza
tion which was born more than six thouannd
yoars ngo. Tho oldest templo In tho world has
boon unearthed at Blsya. Largo Bquaro blocks
have boon discovered which date back to the
reign of Snrgon I., 3,800 years beforo Christ.
Even older Is a platform built ot tho peculiar
convex bricks UBOd in .B. C. 4500. Inscriptions
on bricks found In tho temple at Blsya aro
Btampod with tho narao of Dungl, B, C. 27C0. A
crumpled ploco of gold bonrs tho name ot Param
Sim, B. 0. 3750. So much for tho ago of tho
antiquities of Babylon. Tho best preserved edl
Acq of ancient Bnbylon thus far unearthed s
tho gato ot tho goddess Ishtar, of which tho ma
sonry romatns well nigh perfect after two thou
sand years of neglect.
What Is oven more Interesting to tho gonoral
public, modern roscarch Is making tho Baby
lontniiB llvo again after thousands of yenrs.
Muoh It known now of tholr dally llfo, tholr alms
and occupations, tholr religious ceremonies. It la
posstblo to reconstruct something ot tho llfo of
tho prophot Daniel in Babylon. It Is possible, to
follow tho course of n procession In honor of
tho god Marduk through tho gate of lshtnr to tho
palaco of Nebuchadnezzar. Tho sepultures of
tho pooplo and of tho princes hnvo been laid
open.
Kvorywhoro on tho walls of buildings aro to
bo seen representations of tho bull, which was
tho sacred animal of Babylon
Though It Is uncorlnln whether tho ancient
Babylonians were moro clvlllzod than th'elr
Egyptian contemporaries thoro Is but little doubt
that they woro tho pioneers of civilization In
tho wholo of western Asia before Greece and
Homo camo to tho front. Four thousand yoars
B. G. tholr Byatom of writing had already been
dovoloped. and applied also tho Semitic Baby
lonian tongue. Fourteen hundred yeara B. C
aa the' Tell-ol-Amama tablets testify, its una ox
tended ovor tho wholo of western Asia as far
as tho Mediterranean and Egypt. Though not
n warlike peoplo tho Babylonians possessed
moro than onco what might hnvo boon described
at tho tlmo as a world-wldo omplro. Thoy woro
energotlc, Intelligent, polished In tholr wy and
fond of lottors. Excellent sculptures nnd en
gravings on hard stono exist to testify to tholr
Bklll and artistic Instincts. ItoproBentatlons ot
musical InstrumontB Imply aUo that tho art of
harmony was not altogether unknown to them,
To this must bo added agriculture, monsuratloii
and mathomatlcs, such as thoy wore, nnd tholr
Tfmwi 7jjiv nv njvrrx?7)riTii7TtvT'jm -
These sarcophagi woro legnl enactments, codified apparently by Ham
murabi, ar,q. In their way noteworthy produc
tions. In the mattor of llteraturo wo owe to
them no less than three accounts of tho crea
tion, two nccountB of tho flood, ono of them put
Into tho mouth of tho Babylonian Noah (Ut
naplstlm or Atre-hasls), who la represented as
relating It to the semi-mythical Gllgamos, a
prlmltlvo king ot Ercch. To these must bo
added a number of othor legends, such as tho
story of Uro (tho pestilence), Etanna, the horse
and tho ox, with many others ono at least,
tho story of Sargon ot Agado, being historical.
It Is dlfflcult to judge which was tho moro
predominant characteristic of tho Babylonians,
their trading Instinct or their reverence for
their gods, for both nre equally marked. They
had Intercourso by means of trade with Elani
on tho cast, Syria on the west, and many other
placos on tho north and south. Slavery was
common, and contracts concerning tho buying,
selling and hiring of slaves aro frequently met
with.
Ono of tho pictures shows an Interesting
phaso of prosent day llfo, How would It feel
If tho worry of moving could bo eliminated as
In the plcturo of the Babylonian who Is moving
his household goods and chattels. Tho Baby
lonian gathers his earthly possessions together,
carefully arranges his furnlturo (In most cases
a rug) on tho back of his donkey or mulo, and
with his family comfortably seated on tho pack,
he starts morrlly off to some placo which may
strlko his fancy.
Tho transportation by any other means than"
' that of tho donkoy or mulo Is unheard of by tho
Babylonian who believes that this is the modo
of transportation tho world ovor. It is only the
oxtromoly wealthy, or personages of political
Importanco, who can afford a carriage. A Jour
noy on tho back of a donkey or mulo is filled
with many hardships and is vory slow and
tedious to thoso unaccustomed to that mode of
conveyance, but tho Babylonian, knowing no
hotter, la satisfied with his lot nnd thankful to
Allah that ho has a donkey or mulo to carry
him about whorover hfs business or fancy die
tato. ..
GOOD HAND.
Dummy mado. It no trumps and put down tho
nee, king and iqueen of hoarts.
"Ah, good hearts." remarkod her-pollto op
ponent. "
Sho put down tho aco, king and queen of
spades.
"Good spades"
Sho put down the samo sequence In diamonds.
"Good diamonds!"
Sho then dlspluyod tho aco, king, queen nnd
knavo of clubs.
"Good gracious!"
,OR SOMETHING.
"What do you think of a Judge as n oecrotary
of war?" ' "
"I think It's a good move. If the cnomy
should over "prove too strong for us, ho can
launch an Injunction at om or take a chnngo of
vonuo."
MEANS OF IDENTIFICATION.
"I took my. laundry ticket to a friendly Chlnn
man, nnd, after somo hesitation, ho translated
It for mo." '
"What did it. say?"
"Llttlo man; ears Btlck out; wart on noao."
"Artificial Hen" Promlces to Be Suc
cess When Power Is Abundant
and Cheap Can Be Attached
to Any Incubator.
An electrical incubator has been do
voloped by C. L. Byco of Potnluma,
Cal., a veteran maker of Incubators,
says tho Popular Electricity, Tho
electric "artificial hen" Is perhaps tho
most advanced product of his inven
tive genius and promises to bo a com
mercial success when electrical pow
er Is abundant and cheap In tho dis
tricts devoted to poultry raising. ,
Tho inventor describes his dovlco
as follows: "For several yeara in our
y z -
Electric Incubator.
experimental rooms and at poultry
shows ?.ud fairs wo have used the
electric current for hatching and
brooding and many dealers havo
mado uso of a single globe in their
show windows to keep tho chicks
warm when exhibited there. Our
company was the first to use electric
ity for artificial brooding and hatch
ing, and as far back as 1906 we
hatched chlcku In this way at tho
California stato fair.
"The regulator controls the flow ot
the current so nicely that tho tem
perature is almost perfectly evon. Of
xpurse tho device Is practical only In
places where a twenty-four hour serv
Ico Is mnlntnlned by the power com
panies and where the price of tho
current is not excessive. To use elec
tricity for our incubators It is not
necessary to purchaso special com
plete outfits. Tho device is slmplo
nnd can bo attached to any of our In
cubators at a trifling expense. It Is
connected by simply screwing an or
dinary electric plug into tho lamp
socket of any standard electric light
flxturo and turning on tho key."
POSSIBLE REMEDY FOR ROUP
Disease la Difficult to Cure and Af
fected Birds Should Be Removed
to Roomy Coop.
Roup may bo known from an offen
sive discharge from the nostrils and
swelling below the eyes. The swell
ing in somo cases entirely closes the
eyes. This disease Is known as roup,
and is dlfflcult to cure. Remove all
tho healthy fowls. Put the affected
ones In a warm, dry Bhed or roomy
coop.
Wash out tho nostrils and mouth
with warm water, using a small
syringe to do bo; then put a pleco of
camphor tho size ot a hickory nut
into one quart of boiling water and
hold the fowl's head ovor It for ten
minutes; repeat three times a day.'
Also glvo ono teaspponful of cod liver
oil at a dose twice a day. If the
swelling closes the eyes, open them
and Byrhigo out tho yellow mattor
and wash with warm water Into
which a drop of carbolic acid has been
thoroughly stirred.
Fowls that aro badly diseased
should be kllled and burled. Clean
out the house, "dust with fresh air
slaked lime, fork up the yard and
sprerfd over It a thick coat of fresh
air-Blacked lime. Add a few dropB of
bromide of potassium to the drinking
water. Give no other water. This la
tho best method to use.
Best Poultry Tonics.
Fresh air, sunshlno and exercise aro
tho best poultry tonics. But fresh air
does not mean drafts in tho houses,
nor does sunshlno call for expoBuro to
hot suns during the summer. The
housos should be so constructed that
fresh air can constantly bo present to
drive out bad odors and purify tho at
mosphere. The aunshlnq- should bo nblo to
roaWi every corner to destroy any
germs that might bo lurking In damp
ness. The fowls should exercise by
scratching that a good circulation of
tho Jilood may be stimulated. Tho
above aro tho three best medicines in.
tho poultry doctor's are.
Fnllow-Tjtrectlons.
It la better to follow closely tho di
rections that accompany each incubator.
HE.
Why do you sigh so sadly?
I still am fondly true;
My heart ne'er beats so gladly
As when I am with you.
"While wo may fnro together
I shall be filled with glee.
No matter what the weather
Turns out to be.
SHE.
How fondly and how gravely .
In former blissful days
You have declared that bravely
AVo'd fare In Ilowory ways,.
"Where T should have no duty
To over make mo sad,
Whore I might Itcep my beauty
And Just be glad.
HE.
Why are you Badly sighing?
What doubt Is plaguing you?
HUH I am bravely trying
To keep my promise' true.
Through season after season
I've tried -to- do my best;
Impart to me the reason
For your unrest.
SHE.
Think not, dear, that I chide you.
Or wish to cause you pain;
I've kept my place beside you
In sunshine and In rain;
I Berve you at tho table
And cook what there Is laid -AH,
when shall we be able
To keep a maid?
Better Than Medicine.
His temples wero beginning to bo
gray and ho was old enough to have
a fully developed case of dyspepsia.
Ho looked at the slice of roast beef,
and then tried to eat It, after which
he signaled to the waiter. "Here,
take this back," ho Bald, "I can't eat
meat that's roasted until It's like a
piece of leather. I told you I wanted
It rare. Do you call this rare?"
"Young man," replied the waiter, "if
I give' It to you any rarer than that it
would havo to be raw. Look here.
You can squeeze tho blood out of it."
After finishing a good, hearty meal
the man with the dyspepsia handed
tho waiter a quarter as a "tip" and
went out saying to himself:
"I wonder If he called me 'young
man Just from forco of habit or bo
cause ho really meant It?"
Hie Happiest Days.
. "Ah, my good man," Bald tho mil
lionaire, addressing tho horny-handed
son of toll, "I onvy you. I never havo
been as happy as I was when I had
to carry a dinner pail."
''What jvageB were you gettin
then?"
"Wages? I wasn't getting any
wages. My father had put mo to work
for the purpose of learning the busi
ness from tho bottom up, and I waa
getting the experience I needed to fit
mo for the Important position to which
I was promoted two months later."
, Impossible.
"Did you send for mo?" asked tho
new reporter.
"Yes," replied tho city . editor.
"Don't you know that this Is not a
sensational paper that wo endeavor
to conflno ourselves strictly to facts?"
"Yes, you told me that when I camo
to work."
"What do you moan, then, by Baying
at the beginning of this story that tho
man 50s a native of Pittsburgh and
was born of rich but respectable parents?"
It's Good for a Man.
To leave off grumbling
When he can
Is good for almost
Any man.
To Juat look hopeful -
Day by day
Helps any man
Along the way,
Getting Along.
"How young Mrs. Branscomb
looks."
"Yes, but she makes no secret of tho
fact that sho is getting pretty well
along In years. I heard her say tho
other day that Bho waB old enough to
go to tho theater oven beforo Maui'
Adams had become a star."
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