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Mlfwll 11-71
-r
HE famous ship Niagara, tho vossol
which turned defeat Into victory for
Oliver Hazard Perry In the buttle of
Lake Krln on September 13, 1813, will
sail again this summer the waters
where she conquered a British flcot.
The raising of tho Niagara lo tho most
striking feature of tho Impending cele
bration of Perry'B victory which stayed
the fortunes of tho United States n
hundred yeare ago,
This engineering feat seems to havo no exact
parallel, and In sentimental and patriotic Interest It
Is the most notable phase of tho coming centennial
celebration To attempt to lift tho hulk from tho
mud of Krlo harbor was a daring Idon from tho stnrt
To make the project faot required courage and per
novoraneo of n high order. Many wore tho Bcoffera
It was snld, to tho vory last, that tho contractor
liad hold of an old canal boat, nnd not till the gun
ports of tho Niagara appeared above tho mirfatc of
the lako did tho groat crowds ashore concede that
Terry's ship was
actually being
raised.
When the gun
ports r am e in
night a throng of
lialf frozen curio
neokers was ltl!
back with diffi
culty. Once It be
came evident that
tint battered hulk
was actually that
of tho Niagara the
Bcoffers ' wore en
i;or to rush upon
tho wreck and tenr
lior to pieces for
.Bouvonlrs. Blind-
jv&zzey jit 'i2i EJiFTZg oyi&KZ&en?-
&ZZ JVZXG&&L (rOmrMYJlCOir
tig snow and cracking Ico seemed no deterrent
to their frenzy
Within a few days tho battorod craft hud boon
raised higher above tho water nnd propelled to
nhoro on pontoons. She Is soon to bo hauled to
a shipbuilding yard near by, whom alio will bo
partly rebuilt and put Into Bhnpo for lior last
splendid cruise on Lake Krlo this summor. .
On this cruise tho Niagara will visit ull tho
principal ports or tho great lakoB, decked with
Hags and vnrl-colored bunting, and wallowing
npleudldly ns befits a ship of hor slzo, on tour and
noble achievement. She Is 110 foot long, has a
30-foot beam and la about 10 feet deep. Thuro
Is nothing of tho cllppor ship nbout hor, but thuro
In n HtnnchncBB thnt kopt hor steady while sho
emptied broadsides at a whole UngllBh n,cot. In
Lor prime, nt tho time of tho doclHlvo battle of
Lake Krlo, sho wns a' brig of tho ohl-funhloncd
nort, with an enormous spread of sull for Uiobo
days. She hnd slnglo topgnllantsalla and, what
was more chuiacterlstlc of tho time, slnglo top
Halls. Thus tho number of hor sails was not ap
parently gieat, but her actual spread of canvas
was very largo for her day. Her rigging wns all
of tho old-stylo sort. H.nr main, foro and mlzzon
topB ,wero really fenced In for lookouts and sho
had n spanker to aid her In maneuvering bettor
.Ibnii hor natural Hquaro rig would.
t Cnpt, W U Morrison of tho United States
"training ship Wolverine, who is an odlolul of tho
I'orry ccntunnlnl celebration and nn authority on
historical facts relating to tho Niagara, hnn made
tho prediction that In tho vobboJ'h hold will bo
discovered rthiny old bucklos nnd revolvors; and
in a short tlmo tho world will know If ho Is
right.
Haloing the Ningnrn was tho hnrdost kind ot
work. I Is n big fonthor In tho cap of tho local
contractor, who succoedod In lifting tho hull;
from tho mud of tho lako bottom, vhoro sho had
lain for a hundred yours. Tho task had to ho
clone In wlntor In ordor to uso spring to got tho
vessol In shape. Wlntor on tho great InkoB Is
HUch ns to mako u naturally dollcato Job of xhls
nort well nigh Impossible.
Tho Intorstato board of tho centennial celebra
tion had olllclal chargo of tho work To rulaci
tho hulk took Just throo months. Tho original
contract cnlled for the taBk to bo done in thirty
days, but bad weather knoeked tills schedulo sky
high.
It was planned at first to sink ponlbons along
nldo the Niagara nnd pump thorn out, bringing
tho ship to tho surface with them. Had tho
weather permitted this tho snlvago -a the hulk
would havo boon accomplished in contract tlmo.
Storms, however, threntenod tho undertaking al
most every day nnd tho contractor dnred not
wink his pontoons lost ho loso them. Thorcforo
four pontoons wore anchored on olthor sldo of
wboro tho ship would Ho when ralsod vertically
to the lako's surface. Other pontoons woro sta
tioned over her bow nnd Btom. Chains woro
made fast to tho wreck by dlvors and sho was
Mm ply pulled up to tho -water's odgo.
Ico pllod up six feet high nbout tho pontoons,
workman wero In constant danger of losing their
lives In the black nnd loy water. Several foil
Into nlrholcs la thawing ico but wet a roBcuod.
Tho Niagara hnd to bo raUod through twenty
foot of water.
And now for something about tho Niagara's
historic day.
Tho Niagara nnd Commodore Perry'B flagship,
iho Lawrence, wore the only two vessels In tho
American fleet of six ships that, ovqn In 1813,
could Imvo boon callod men-of-war. They woro
HOO tons burden each, and each carried twenty
guns. It wns almost as
much of a feat for Oli
ver Hazard Perry to
build the vessels as to
win the battle of Lako
Krio. Tho commodore
had beon In tho Amer
ican navy for somo
time, and In 1811 as n
lieutenant In command
of the schooner He
vongo ho ran tho vos
sol ashoro nt Watch
Hill, It. I., and wrecked
It in n storm. Ho was
tried by court martial
for this, but acquitted.
Ho failed to got n
c-o m m a n d when tho
War of 1812 started.
Thon ho applied to
Commodoro Chnuncoy
nnd wns ordered to re
port at Lako Erie.
On March 27, 1812,'
ho nrrlvcd at Lako
Erie and found a force
of fifty shipwrights.
The squadron had to
bo built from tho forests nenr.by. A fleet of nine
vessels was built by him and his men. A regl
mont of Pennsylvania militia covorod tho Hhlp
hulldors while thoy wero at work.
Tho battle against a suporlor British squadron
lasted all day, and tho Lawrence was dismantled,
so thnt Porry had to row through a hall of shot
to tho Nlagarn, where ho holstod his flag again.
At 3 o'clock ho was nblo to sond his famous dis
patch: "Wo have met tho enemy and thoy nro
ours."
Commodore Perry was then twenty-seven years
old.
Perry was a Ilhodo Islander by birth. Tho boii
of a naval ofllcer and tho daughtor of nn Irish
woman of unusual attainments, ho had tho most
careful oarly training, so that after Lako Erie
somo who know tho family spoko of it as "Mrs.
Porry's victory." Young Oliver Hazard Porry
waB fond of Plutnrch'a Lives, Shakespeare nnd
Addison. Ho was a pupil of Count Rochamboau.
At fourtoon ho wns commissioned a midshipman.
When tho war wltlu Englnnd began thoro wns
probably no hotter ordnnnco ofllcor In tho Amor
lean navy, and In tho training of his crows ho wnH
unwearying In personal attention to dotnllB. By
assembling bin gunboats occasionally he gained
actual knowledge ot tho evolutions of a lleot.
Ho also practiced shnm hnttlcs, which taught him
much.
Within twenty-four hours nftor rocoipt of Com
modoro C'hnuncoy's ordor to go to Lako Erlo ho
hnd sent off a detachment of fifty men, and llvo
days later ho sot out hlniBelf with his younger
brother, Aloxandor. Traveling chiefly In sleighs
ho reuchod Erlo jdii March 27. Thore ho found
Nonh Brown, shipwright, and Sailing Mnntor .Dob
bins awaiting fifty carpontcrs from Philadelphia.
The carpenters woro moro than llvo weeks mak
ing tho wintry Journey,
Tho keels ot two twenty gun brigs and throo
guuboato had already beon Inld. Incredible toll
in tho wilderness enabled Porry to colloct nlno
vobsoIs of 1.G71 tons with Gl guns capable of
throwing a brondstde of D3G pounds of metal, of
which 288 pounds could bo fired nt long range
Puny figures these seem In this day of dread
naughts, but In 1813 thoy woro respectable If not
exactly Impressive,
Tho Lnwronco and tho Nlngara, which wero
tho tvo twenty gun ships, carried two long
twolvo poundors nnd eighteen thirty-two pounder
enrronndcu. Tho long rnngo guns wero tho chief
dopondouts ot tho Aniorlcnnu. To mako his enr
ronado flro offectlvo Perry rolled on grnpo and
cnnlstor shot nnd favorlto American ammunition,
Inngrngo, which was made out of scrnpB of Iron
sowed up In lenthor baga.
Porry's force of mon consisted of nbout 500
landsmon and bailors, many of whom hnd novor
bcoii salt water On tho British sldo Captnln
Bnrclay hnd six vessels or 1 ICO tons, mnnnod by
nonrly BOO mon, but ho had slxty-threo cannon.
Barclay wan ono of NcIsoii'h veterans.
As tho Hoots approached onch other at about
11 o'clock tho buglo sounded from tho flagship.
Tho men of tho whole BrltlBh lino gnvo throo
cheers and tho long guns of the Detroit opened
on tho Lawrence nt u dlstnnco ot n mile and a
half. By noon the battle began In earnest In
tho form of n duol, tho honvlest vessel In each
Hoot confronting the other. Barclay had nt first
n manifest ndvantnge. Tho gunners of tho Law
rence, depending too much on their carronndos,
fired too fast, and overshottlng tholr stumpy guna
wero able only to pit nnd dont tho sides ot tho
Detroit. So tho Lnwronco waB reduced to a hulk
by a ateady British flro. After two hours only
ono gun was loft mountod, tho cookplt was
crowded with wounded and only olghtoen un
harmed men, Including commander nnd surgeon
wero left on board.
Tho Niagara for some reason had remained In
tho rear. Tho smaller American vessels seemed
unable to do anything to prevent a British vic
tory. W'ith the audacity of genius Perry called four
sailors to man tho boats, and with his brother
Alexander, tho flag of tho Iiwrenco wrapped
round his arm, he left the ship. At'flrst he was
shielded by the battlo smoke. Then he wns
rowed through 'the enemy's flro for fifteen min
utes, at last reaching the Niagara unharmed. The
breezo now freshened, speeding the Nlagarn and
the American schooners Into nction. Tho Queen
Charlotte of tho British fleet was disabled whHo
getting into position for n broadsldo. Sho fell
foul of tho Detroit. Tho American schooners
took raking positions. Tho full battery of the
Niagara, Joining In tho steady and rapid .fire,
swept the British decks. Kentucky rltlemon In
the tops acting as marines picked off every
enomy visible. At 3 o'clock tho British flag was
hauled down. It waa the fltst tlmo in Britain's
history that she had lost a whole squadron. Then
It was that on tho deck of tho Niagara Perry dis
patched to tho secretary of tho navy tho brlof
account of his victory nnd shortly afterward sent
to Gen. William H. Harrison the line: "Wo have
met the enemy and thoy are ours."
Congress voted Perry thanks, n medal nnd
the rank of captain. The city of Boston pre
sented him with a sot ot silver, nnd other cities
voted him thanks. He assisted In tho defenso
of Baltimoro, and In tho squadron that was sent
to tho Mediterranean In 1815 ho commanded tho
frigato Java. In Juno, 1810, while In command
of tho John Adams and other United States ves
sels In tho West Indies, he contracted yellow
fovor In the Orinoco and died.
Tho United States has appropriated $250,000
for a Porry momorlal to bo erected at Put-ln-Bny
on Bass Island. Tho great shaft will stand In
tho mhlst of a park. Individual states have
bi ought tho total up to $700,000. New York gavo
$150,000; Ohio, $83,000; Pennsylvania, $75,000;
Wisconsin, $50,000, Other states that lntorcstod
thomsolves woro Michigan, Illinois, Rhode Island,
Kentucky and Minnesota
About a year ago tho national commissioners
of flno arts accopted a design for tho memorial
submitted by J. H. Preedlander and A. D. Sey
mour, Jr. Tho design provides Tor a plaza
1,000 foot long nnd about 200 feet deep. On the
plaza will bo a Doria column 320 feet high. The
Islnnd on which tlfe column will rise is one of a
group at tho western end ot Lake Erlo.
The fourteen ncres havo been acquired to pro
vide a reaorvatlon around the memorial. Tho
Doric column will servo as a lighthouse. Othor
features nro a museum, a statuo typifying peace
flanked by a colonnade. In tho museum will bo
panels, nrrangod for mural paintings doscriptlvo
of historical events connected with tho battlo of
Lako Erlo. - -'
Tho plan calls for a crypt under tho shaft In
which will ho placed tho bodies of American and
British sailors who perished in tho battlo, which
woio hurled on the Island. Tho sum of $100,000
has beon set nsldo for harmonizing tho landscapo
with tho general scono.
Tho members of tho commission having chargo
of the Perry contounlal celebration will try to
secure a brlof suspension of that convention be
tween tho United States and Canada by which
warships may not enter the Groat Lakes. Tho
Idea Is to havo British and American bnttlcshlps
at tho ceremony of dedicating tho column to
Porry's victory and possibly n warship or two
of Canada's now navy.
Tho national commission of flno arts which se
lected tho design for tho Porry memorial con
sists of Daniel H Burnluun. chairman; Daniel C.
Kronen. Thomas Hastings, Krodorlck. Law Olm
sted, Charles Mooro, Cass Gilbert and Krancls D.
Millet Thoy wore unanimous in tholr cholco of
a design V Commander George II. Worthlngton,
Gen. Nelson A. Miles nnd Col. Honry Wnttorson
nro on tho Interstate board In chargo of tin
colobrntlon.
WYANDOTTE IN FAVOR
Excels inability to Be Pushed for
Rapid Growth.
Breed Ranks About With Plymouth
Rocks as Layers, but Is More Act
ive and Has Loss Tendency
to Ovcrfatness.
(By It. G. WKATIIKUSTONB.)
ThoWynndotte Is smaller than tho
Plymouth Rock, but nn equally rapid
grower. It Is generally claimed that
the White Wyandotte will stand push
ing for rapid growth tho best ot any
breed.-
As layers tho Wyaudottcs seem to
rank about with tho Plymouth Rocks,
but being somowlmt more active and
Excellent Farm Type.
having loss tendency to ovcrfatness
they should bo credited with a slight
advantage.
The Rhodo Island Red breed con
stitutes tho lntest addition to the list
of popular American breeds of chick
ens. This variety differs from the
majority ot breeds In claiming for
themselves nn origin based solely on
practical considerations.
Thoy are partly of Asiatic blood,
but In their selection, vhlch extends
over a period of fifty years, 'attention
has been paid to rapid growth and
egg production, so that the breed to
day moro rearly re&cmbles the Leg
horns than does either the Plymouth
Rock or Wyandotte.
One fundamental difference still ex
ists that shows the Asiatic origin of
the red chicken, they being persistent,
sitters.
Tho Rhode Island Reds do not
reproduce themselves with certainty
as to shado of color or stylo of comb,
but In practical points thoy may be
considered n distinct and well-established
breedr
In the eastern part of the United
Stntes nro many farms keeping from
one to several thousand hens and
devoted exclusively to the production
of poultry and eggs for the market.
Tho uso of any breed on such farmB
should bo good witness of Its utility.
Tho tabulation ot tho breeds used on
such plnnta as are Bh'own to t,ho
writer gives the following results:
Whlto Wyandottes occupy first
place, being used on about twice as
many plants ns any other ono breed.
Single-comb Whlto Leghorns, Barred
Plymouth Rocks and White Plymouth
Rocks follow next In order. Rhodo
Islnnd Reds, Light Brahmas, Buff
Wyandottes, Buff Plymouth Rocks,
Brown Leghorns and Black Mlnorcas
aro tho other broeds In uso. Leg
horns, Mlnorcas nnd Rhode Island
Reds aro used on tho egg farms,
Light Brahmas and Plymouth Rocks
on tho roaster and capon plantsi
while tho broiler and combination
plantB uso Plymouth Rocks, Wyan
dottes or Rhode Island Reds.
LITTLE SURPRISES
"I don't want any aftornoous out, mum;
I'm sntlsflod It I can go to church Sunday
ovonln's."
"Harry, you'vo boon an awful long time mak
Ing up-your mind to ak mo to mnrry you!"
"Your bill, doctor, Is only about half what I
expected It would be,"
"Bobby, I've kopt you in aftor school to tell
you you'ro a doar, good llttlo boy. Won't you
glvo your old teacher a kiss?"
"No, Blr, I haven't anything In stock that's
qulto as good as what you aro asking tor; try
that druggist across tho street."
Cause of Gapes.
Gapes aro cnused by a worm-like
parasite that becomos nttached to the
lining of the windpipe. Wet and fil
thy grounds are a proline cause. Iso
late the Infected birds and spade up
tho yard with slacked lime onco a
week. Remove th.o pnrasltos from tho
wlndplpo with n feather dipped In
turpentine. Put a llttlo turpentine or
camphor In the drinking water.
Limit on Eggs.
. Ono good mother hen can brood
twenty chicks and oven moro with
easo, .while Bhe cannot successfully
cover moro than thlrteon. Thus It Is
well to sot two hens at tho eamo tlmo
nnd glvo ono tho chicks from tho two
hatchings. Tho othor lion can thus
cover thirteen eggs again and ralao
hor own llttlo family when theso aro
hatched.
Grit In the Ration.
A lion ennnot digest hor food prop
erly without plenty of grit In hor dl
gestlvo apparatus. Koop a good sup
ply of It always on whero sho can
havo free access to It, for, no grlt
no digestion; no digestion, no eggs;
no eggs, no dividends from tho direc
tion of the hoiiuouBo,
liiJmjK'
Dome, llttlo comrade, let us faro across
tho hills, boyond tlio city,
And wander In tlio open, whero no voica
shall call to ua for pity;
We'll wade In brooks that babble by the
HlunttriK Heidi nnd forest edges,
And Anton to the winds thnt slsh and slnn
through aromntlo sedges.
tVo'll linger In the hawthorn's shado an
enrvo tho letters of our names
Dn mossy fences that wero made b
ImniU thnt toll no longer claims;
t'll lead you whero tho valleys Ho deep
In tho niornliiK's glortnlhiK dew,'
Tho wild Club's frnguint blossoms I will
pluck from thorny boughs for you.
The friendly colt shall coino to lay Its eU
vet tpuzzlo In your hand,
And wo will watch the lambs nt piny,
nnd hoar no muster's lmrsh com
mand; No churning gougs shall terrorlzo and
there will be no shrieks of pain,
Ho maiming wheels nor warning cries, no
angry bickering for gain.
wOtne, little comrade, let me guide you
out beyond tho ronr and rattlo
And show you that the world Is wide,
that life Is not n ceaseless battlo.
And through tho Joy thnt you shall know
and by tho glee of your expfesslon
Tho boyhood t had long ago shnll come
again to my possession.
Unkind Doctor.
"I would suggest," said tho doctor,
titter ho had looked at the lady's
tongue and felt her pulse, "that you
walk three miles every day and be
careful to chew everything you eat.
rake a light breakfast and avoid
jweets of overy .kind."
"Yes, doctor."
"That's all. Good morning."
"But, doctor, aren't you going to
prescribe any medicine?"
"No, I never give medicine whero It
:an be avoided."
"Oh, pshnw! I havo saved up near
ly a dollar's worth of bottles that I
wanted to exchange In at tho drug
tore."
The Outlook.
THE OPTIMIST, v
tVhen war drums throt no longer
And navies melt away,
Tho righteous will bo stronger,
Tho Just will havo their day.
tVhen nil the warrlng's ended,
And no man cheats for gain,
Chen Virtue will be splendid
And Righteousness will reign. '
TUB PESSIMIST.
When armies aro disbanded
And soldiers till the soil,
The people, to bo candid,
Will still buy Standard Oil.
When navies are forgotten
And warriors cease to kill
vVo'll probably have rotten
State legislatures still.
Pride All Around.
"I'm proud to say," boastod tho
man with the largo stomach nnd the
Immense solitaire, "that I ain't novel
wnsted any time rcadln' poetry."
"Well," ventured 'the gentleman,
with tho seedy clothes and the high
orow, "If the poets wero asked thoy
would probably agreo that thoy woro
proud of It, too."
Not a Hardship.
"Do Mr. and Mrs. Wlckolson, tho
pcoplo who llvo across tho hall from
you, ever disturb you at night by tholr
quarreling? I am told that thoy fight
llko cats and dogs."
"Thoy do fight, but wo are not dis
turbed In tho least. My husband al
ways permits mo to lot tho transom
down and listen without a protest."
A Wonder.
"You seemed to regard that man
with a good doal of awe."
"Yes. Ho excites my wonder. He's
married to one of my formor wives
and getting along with hor."
Unforglven.
Thoro aro many pcoplo In this world
who can never forgive a man for
achieving bucccbb after they havo pre
dicted that ho would never amount to
Anything.
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