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TSI5" I MONO tho many ruins to bo fountl I yjfifkWQR O? ' 7FMPXEQF Mg1JJfiB& jKfJfjjOl)
debt of gratitude, Tlioy liavo not only dug down jt ifU &M lUSl COJLIZYJ ffOfTJYG ' POiTAl OF '
and removed many tons of rubbish and debris, .. -tf ' -A i u .fflffl H1 Tf7PJL Of BACCJil5
fhnrnliv iwnnnlnrr thn rulnn In linttnt vluw lnt T ?T Ill 'I I MM ll III I
cmyjm ospoirAi of TMPif ofsaccmo
for tho Berlin museums now possess many of the"
ilnoBt examples of tho carvings found thoro.
Baalbek Is tho namo of a ruined city of ancient
Coola-Syrla, signifying tho "city of Hual," tho sun
god. Tho namo was convortod by tho Crooks,
during tho 8eleucldlan dynnaty, Into ItH Grcok
equivalent, Heliopolls. It Is situated In latltudo
34 degrees, 1 mlnuto north, longitude 10 degroos,
11 minutes east, In tho plain of Buka'a, at tho
northern extremity of a low rango of bleak hills,
about ono mllo from tho bnBo of Antlllbanon. in
a woll watered and delightful locality, a llttlo
more than 40 miles northwest of Damascus. It
was onco tho moat magnificent of Syrian cities,
full of palaces, fountains and bountiful monu
inonts. Those rulnB aro known us tho Acropolis arid aro
unique for their masslvoneBs and for the groat
amount of both bold and dollcato carving with
which they uro adorned. There Is, lndeod. so
much cajvlng nud such variety as to mako ono'a
Ilrat visit bowlldcrlng. Tho tomploa bolng built
on a flat plain, It was Importunt to ralao thorn
nbovo tho surrounding lovol to render them tuoro
Imposing, and to that end thoro aro vast sub
structures and vaults und passagoa supporting
itho Bhrlnes. Tho most Imposing was that of tho
.Kreat Tomplo of tho Sun, which was a rectangu
lar building 290 foot by 1G0, having Its roof sup
ported by a pcristylo of 04 Corinthian columns,
1 at each aido and 10 at each end. Of thoso
sir aro still standing. Tho clrcumforonco of
those columna is about 22 foot, and tho length
of tho shaft about C8 foot; with podestal, capltnl
and entnblaturo thoy measure about 80 foot in
Iholght. Tho groat Tcmplo of tho Sun occupied a
platform on tho Acropolis about 1,000 foot by 450
"foot. Tho main ontranco of tho tomplo was on
ttho east. Hero a wide flight of stops led up to
u portico 19 feet abovo tho gardons and orchards
that now surround tho ruins. An Inscription on
tho great portico BtatcR that tho tomplo was
erocted to the "Great GodB" of Heliopolls by
Antoninus.
, Boyoud tho portico Is t a hoxogonal court
tfirougli" which a largo gateway opens Info tho
groat squnre, at tho woat end of which 1b tho
, temple on a lofty stylobato. Except the columns
mentioned, llttlo of tho groat tomplo or of tho
buildings In front of 'it Is loft standing, but tho
Wound 1b covered with their ruins. Tho vast slzn
of tho atones used In tho substructures of tho
Kreat platform is romnrknblo, somo of them being
over CO feet long and 12 foot thick
South from tho groat tomplo Is a smaller one
known us tho Temple of .lupltcr It la similar
In form, having Ita porltityle and thn wall of Its
cola still mostly standing Us dimniiHioiin nru
227 foot In length by 117 root In breadth with
ID columns at the aides and 8 at each oud Both
temples as woll as tho surrounding Htruoturw
woro built of llmostono. In a richly decorated,
aomowhnt fantnstla Corinthian stylo Honldea
those thoro stands at a distance of 300 yards from
Hm others a circular building supported on nix
granite columns built In mixed loulo and Corin
thian stylo.
Nearby also aro tho romatns of tho Tomplo of
Oacchus, famed for Its magnificent carvings.
Hero aro enormous Blabs of stone elaborately
carved with tho heads of emperors and doltloa
and Interwoven with floral doalgns, tho wholo
forming a unique colling. Tho portal 13 tho gom
of tho cntlro edifice. Tho door posts aro beauti
fully carved with flguros of Bacchus, fawns,
cuplds, satyrs, and bacchantes, woven around
which aro grnpo vinos and clusters of fruit, pop
ples and ears of wheat, all of which aro symbol
ical of tho revelling which tho namo of tho tem
ple suggests.
This great doorway standB 43 feot high nnd
21 feot wldo, whllo tho cnrvlng of tho posts
JUBt mentioned covers a apaco about bIx foot
wide. On both sides of this door stand gracoful
Ilutod columns forming tho prostylo or portico,
whllo tho plain onea of tho porlstylo, which
BtaudH botweon them, seem to reflect tholr
beauty,
Tho mammoth stones contained in tho Inclosing
wall of tho Acropolis have boon tho marvel of
engineers for ages. The lowost courses aro of
stones of moderate dimensions, but at a height of
20 feot nbovo tho ground on tho west wall Is a
row of threo enormous atones, tho shorteat being
63 feat nnd the longest G5 feet in longth, and
oach bolng about 13 feot high and 10 feot thick.
They aro tho largeat building hlocka over known
to have been used by man. A still largor stone
lies In tho ancient quarry nearby, never having
boon detnehod from tho rock beneath. This ono
la 70 feot long by 14 feet by 13 foot
At an early period tho
Arabs converted tho tompleB
Into tho fortresses, and to
this end, to a certain extent,
removed thom. Their work,
however, has now been re
moved by tho Germans.
Tho early history of Baal
bek Is Involved In darkness,
but It Is certain that from
tho most distant times it had
been a chief seat ,of sun
worship, as Its namo Implies.
Augustus made It a Roman
colony and placed there a
garrison. Baalbek had an
oracle held In such high es
teem that In tho second cen
tury A. D. It was consulted
by tho Emperor Trajan prior to his ontranco on
hla second Parthian campaign. Antoninus Plus
(A D. 138-161) built tho groat temple which the
legend current among tho modern Inhabitants
counts a work of Solomon. Tllo platform and
substructures, however, are of a much earlier
dato. This tomplo Is said to have contained a
golden statuo of Apollo, or of Zeus, which on cer-,
tain annual festivals tho chief citizens of Hollop
oliB boro about on their ahoulders. When Chris
tianity, under Constantino, bocame tho dominant
religion, tho temple became a, Christian church.
In tho wars that followed tho taking of tho city
by the Arabs, who Backed It in A. D. 748, tho
temple was turned Into a fortress. Tho city was
completely pillaged by Timur In A. D. 1400.
Both city and temple continued to fall more and
more Into decay under tho misery nnd mlsrulo to
which Syria has been subject ever slnco. Many
of tho magnificent pillars woro overturned by tho
pashas of Damascus merely for tho sako of tho
Iron with which tho stones were bourfd together.
What the Arabs, Tartars and Turks had spared
wns dostroyod by a terrible oarthquako In 1769.
Baalbek Is now an insignificant vlllago with a
population of about 2.000, moro than half of
whom aro Christiana,
THINGS NOT GENERALLY KNOWN
Thousands of Changes Can Be Rung on Eight
Bells- Horses In Race.
How many pcoplo ronllzo tho number of ways'
In which It la posBlblo for somo of tho commonoat
ovory-day ovonts of llfo to hnppen? London
Anawors asks.
As you walk through tho streets of your town,
for example, and hear tho chimes of your parish
church bolls, has It ever occurred to you to think
out how many "changes" can be rung with a
"peal" of eight bollB? Tho nnswer Is 40,320, n
number which Booms almost Incredible, but none'
tho leas la true.
Ten horses run In a raco The number of wnys
in which the (list, second nnd third places can
be Hllod la 720, while tho number of ways In
which all ten horses can pass tho winning post
la the onormoua number 3.027.SOO.
A town council la composed of twenty-Hve coun
cillors and ten aldermen. From It It la posalblo
to form C,37G,G0O different committees, each com
poked of five councillors nnd threo aldormeu.
Klght people could arrange themselves about a
round tnblo In 5.040 different ways, and If six per
boiib receive a first-class railway carriage having
alx seats thoy could chooso from among 700 dif
ferent wnys of Boating themselves.
A little girl has ten different bonds to mako
Into a uecklaco. She could do It 181,290 times'
and get n different nacklaco each time.
If wo wish to mako a selection of bIx bookn
out of an avallnblo twelve, wo havo tho cholco
of !)2l ways In which to do It, whllo If wo hnvo
tho following coins halfpenny, pouny, slxponny
piece, shilling, florin, nnd half crown wo can ar
range them in a straight lino In 720 different
wnys. Try ltl
Finally, It would tako 5,000 years for a man
earning 200 a yoar to earn 1,000,000, while
if a person Investod 1 at 5 per cent, compound
Intereat ho would becomo a millionaire could ha
llvo so long In 283 years.
Nothing Like That These Days.
"How did Sklmmels mako his money?"
"He was ono of those old-fashioned dairymen
who left you In doubt whother wntor hnd been
put In tho milk or milk had boon spilled In tho
water." Washington Star.
Awful.
Clarice It must be awful to bo married to a
man you cannot lovo!
Gaby I should think so! It Is so hard getting,
a dlvorco from thoso goody-goody chaps. Penn
sylvania Punch Bowl.
Disqualified.
"My wlfo thinks I'm ono mnn In a million.'
boasted Tlgg.
"Is that so?" said Wlgg. sadly. "I don't bellovo
my wlfo thinks I'm a man at all."
A Serious Lois.
"Dlgga tells mo ho takes nearly all tho leading
newapapers," Bald tho visitor.
"So ho doos," Blghed tho exchange odltor. "He
takoa thorn from mo."
Former Gov. David n. Francis ol
Missouri Is telling a story at his own
expenso Illustrating the practical
operation of Woodrow Wilson's silent
Bystem of selecting a cabinet.
President Wilson, so Govcrnot
Francis has now learned, on tho last
day of February Invited tho gover
nor's fellow-townsman of St. Louis,
Prof. David F. Houston, to bo secre
tary of agriculture. With tho offer
of tho ofllco came also a peremptory
Injunction to secrecy and a summons
to Washington.
Professor Houston packed his
traveling bag ho had no time for a
trunk and boarded tho east-bound
limited. This was on March 1, three
days before tho Inauguration.
Comfortably ensconced In a Pull
man, Professor Houston had Just un
folded his newspaper and lighted his
cigar when former Governor Francis,
"Gumshoe BUI' Stooe's co-Warwick
in Missouri politics, dropped into a
soat In front of him, aB the train pulled out of St. Louis.
"Hello, Professor Houston; taking- a little trip?" said Francis.
"Yes," answered the professor as casually as tho question was asked
"I'm going to the inauguration."
"So am I," replied Francis, and then the conversation drifted to other
subjects.
Governor Francis relates hat ho did not talk much about politics to
Professor Houaton, because ho thought that was a little out of his line.
At last tho twenty-hour run was ended. Tho great train rumbled Into tho
Washington terminal- Professor Houston and Governor Francla debarked
together.
"Here, boy," called Governor Francis to a newsle. "Give mo a paper."
They seated themselves in tho taxicab and spread their newspapers. This
is what met the eye of Governor Francis In glaring headlines:
"Wilson Completes Cabinet Slnto; David F. Hpuston of Missouri Will
Take Portfolio of Agriculture."
DUKE OF M0NTPENSIER NOW, A KING
Tho now king chosen by the peo
ple of Albania, to whom tho Balkan
war has given freedom, Is the Duko
of Montpensler, a young man of
twenty-nine, who has won fame both
as a soldier and an explorer. Ho Is
tho only brother and heir of tho
Duko of Orleans, chief of tho royalist
party In Franco, and 1b Immensely
wenlthy. Being an exile from France,
on account of the pretension of tho
Duko of Orleans to tho throno of
Franco, ho has been denied service
in tho French army; but ho has mado
up for this by oxplorutions In tho
hinterland of Tonkins and Cochin,
China. Ho also served with distinc
tion under tho Spanish flag against!
the Moors.
His most popular title of Duke of
Montpensler comes from his mother,
who was a Spanish Infanta, the daugh
ter of the Duko of Montpensler. His
father, from whom he Inherits hla
amplo fortune, was the Comte da
Paris. His slater married the Duko of Aoata, cousin, of Kmg Victor Em
manuel, of Italy.
The duko was a warm friend and admirer of tho lato J. P. Morgan, to
whoso financial Interests he Intrusted his wealth and two years ago was Mr.
Morgan's guest in Now York.
SENATOR PITTIVIAN A KL0NDIKER
Key Plttman, newly elected to the
senate from Nevada, la tho first Klon
dlker to acquire a seat In the upper
house of congress.' It Is 'a long Jour
ney from Mississippi to Cape Nomo
and back via Tonopah to tho United
States senate, but this Is tho route
taken by Senator Plttman, and to go
over this roundabout trail to sena
torial honors occuplod Just twenty
years.
In choosing a MIsslsslpplan for
tho United States Benntorshlp made
vacant by tho death of Senator
George S. Nixon, Nevada has man
aged to have her senatorial delega
tion composed entirely of natives of
Mississippi. Senator Francis G. Now
landa was born there about a quarter
of a century before tho Junior
senator.
As has been tho caso with mora
than 90 per cent, of tho members of
tho United States senate, Senator
Plttman'a first ambltlonB woro for
tho law. When Senator Plttman waa graduated from college ho took with
him a small inheritance and a legal diploma from Southwest university at
Clarkavlllo, Tenn., nnd went to the Pacific coast. Ho practiced law and specu
lated In real cstato at Tacoma and Soattlo, going to Alaska In 1897.
SENATOR GUGGENHEIM GIVES ADVICE
"Stick to it. Don't vacillate. Tho
temporary gain of advancement
through chango of position does not
compensate for tho Iosb of tho stabil
ity that comes with aggreaslvo stick-to-ltlvoness."
That Is tho greatest of the many
maxlmB of Simon Guggenheim, who
has voluntarily withdrawn from po
litical llfo after serving hU adopted
state, Colorado, In the United States
Bonato, and who la ono of tho Amer
ican family of Guggenheim that waa
founded by Meyer Guggenheim, who,
with hla seven sons, roso to tho prac
tical control of tiro smelting Interests
of tho world.
In tho very prlmo of life, with a
fortune that might pay off tho na
tional debt, this man after strenuous
service In tho senate for Colorado Is
content to tako a brief vacation and
then go back to tho grind of com
merce. Thero Id to bo no equivoca
tion, either, for when ho again puts
on his working clothes It will be to tako up tho Intricate duties of chairman
of tho board of directors of all tho Guggenheim interests.
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