rm
NOTES cS?-onz
Ueo keeping is profitable.
Deep plowing pays in the garden.
A dairy cow is not constructed tc
stand exposure.
ECONOMICAL PRODUCTION Of BEEF AND
OBTAINING PURE-BRED HERD OF CATTLE
FARM
)MMi(ftzr
POJLM
.cmk.
Feeding sklmmllk has n tendency
to whiten the llesh.
Regularity In feeding cattle is of
tho utmost Importance
Sprny tho fruit trees. It Is good in
suranco for this yonr's crop.
Uso tho dishwater a9 a fcrtlllzor
Throw It on tho compost heap.
A man can hardly miss' a good mar
kot when he has first-class stock.
It must not bo forgotten that foor
flavors tho llesh as well ns tho egg.
k
i.
OiljACkce
at-, iftn--
r3l
5 X
Feed the calf regularly.
Keep thrifty, vigorous ewes.
Handle the now calf as you would
a new baby.
Don't bow alfalfa Becd on very ro
conlly plowed land.
All er-nrccs of plant food should be
utilised by the farmer. '
No animal will attain to as good re
sults aa tho one liberally fed.
Rhubarb or plo plant Is one of tho
perennials that should bo In every
garden.
The big secret fn keeping butter Is
to have It good to begin with, then
keep It cold.
For n cheap but effective milk
strainer nothing boats several thick'
nesses of cheesecloth.
Let the cream can have the coolest
place in tho cellar If a tnnk of cold
water Is not available.
Dairying goes by spurts, but don't
you spurt. Keep a steady hand ou
the spurting apparatus.
To sell off a cow becauso she will
bring a good price does not go far
toward improving the herd.
Turkey hens are considered profit
able until five years old, but toms
ought to bo changed every year.
The causo of dead chicks in tho
. shell can sometimes bo traced to stock
that has been too closely Inbred.
. Letting tho calf run with tho cow
sometimes has a good effect on hard
milkers and other udder troubles.
Ice-cold water checks tho milk flow
and'rfso affects the cow that it is apt
to bo detrimental to her unborn calf.
In dairying there is no excuse for
the man .who goes at it blindly to
'blame luck and weather for his failure.
Two of tho best acreage saving
money making propositions up to
tho farmers" today are silago and al
'falfa. Have another round with tho Insect
pests of your hen houses. It will help
your birds to do their level best this
season.
Whether brood mares or geldings, it
is the well-fed horse that exhibits tho
greatest endurance and efficiency lu
tho harness.
Know what you must spray for,
then do the work right. Don't expect
n any one spray material to be a uni
versal remedy.
Hogs by nature like a good clean
bed to lino in. They will do all tho
bettor for it, becauso they will bo
moro comfortable
In purchasing a boar it Is well to
bear in mind that one with heavy
bones Is more to be desired than one
of the slight build.
At no season of tho year should
'water stand nround tho trees and
vines. Their roots will not stand It.
There must be proper drainage.
Don't wait till planting time to se
cure seeds, and then buy package
seed from the grocery store. This
need Is apt to be of Inferior quality.
Throw away tho first few streams
of milk from the teats. This milk is
very watery and of little valuo and is
quite apt to injure the romoinder of
the milk.
It takes a little time to remove all
refuso matter from tho last feod be
fore giving fresh rations, but this
pleases the cow and It is worth shllo
to humor her fancy.
A good plan is for tho poultry yard
to open in the barnyard, and It Is bet
ter If it were located near tho straw
stuck. Thero should always be an
abundance of south front.
Trim out the dead limbs, suckers
and branches that aro too close to
gethor among tho shrubs. Shrubs thut
flower in the sprlug should not be
pruned until they aro through bloom
ing. Healthy fowls do not need medicine
any more thai! does a member of tho
human family who is in good health,
and slnco It Is tho naturo of nil hens to
lay, thero lu no reason why stimulants
should bo given. Thero aro many
things which will, no doubt, Increaso
tho egg supply for n short lime, but
disaster is sure to follow.
Dead fowls should never bo allowed
to Ho about the promises. 13urn them
Rub the dust off tho windows an
let tho light enter tho chicken house
The cow that Is to do her best must
bo well fed, well sheltered and woV
cared for.
Tainted, musty or moldy feedi
should never bo served In tho dnirj
herd rations.
Cows are not always to blame foi
being unprofitable. Often the fauli
is nearer homo.
An economical uso of roughage
about the farm Is greatly In favor of
winter dairying.
Clean, wholesome feed In tho right
amounts and clean quarters usually in
suro healthy calves.
13e thorough about washing tho sep
nrator. Do it upon honor, not once
in a while, but every tlmo.
Swoop up every article of silago in
tho chute and alleyway, niul give it to
tho cows at every feeding.
Running the incubator two or three
days beforo putting in the eggs gives
the machine time to steady down.
Wood ashes spoil hen manure when
mixed with it; they nlso hurt tho feet
of hens that walk through them.
A few turnips, cabbage, beets, etc.
will relieve the monotony of dry feeds
and help tho milk flow wonderfully.
Mako another inspection of tho
breeding pens and seo that there aro
no dull, sickly-looking fowls in thorn.
A little earth In tho bottom of the
brooder makes It more to tho liking
of the chicks, but change it frequently.
Cold rains are much harder on
cows than dry cold. Damp cold pene
trates to the bones. Provldo dry shel
ter.
A calf's Inside "workin's" are sensi
tive and easily upet. A single feed oi
milk, too hot or too cold, may Btarl
trouble.
Turn tho separator with a steady
and uniform hand and flush down with
skim milk or water at tho end ol
separation.
It is quite customary among dairy
men to quit feeding calves skim milk
when they attain the age of eight oi
nlno months.
Winter dairying provides more cart
and getter feeding, but it also comes
at a time when it is possible to give
this care and feeding.
If you don't beliovo in keeping cows
comfortable visit the tables of the
men with the big cream check. Thai
ought to convince you.
Ono pound of grain for every three
pounds of milk produced is the com
monly accepted winter feeding rutic
among business dairymen.
Those who make a success of spray
ing fruit trees order tho spraying mix
tures before spring opens. They car
then spray in season without delay.
A farmer should ratso everything
consumed by his family that his soil
and climate will produce, when In so
doing tho cost does not consume the
profit
The manure that Is taken from the
barnyard to the field is out of the
way before spring work, and It make
a groat improvement in the farm sur
roundlngs. .
It Is worth while to have a good
clmrn. Cream sputtered far and near
not only wastes the most valuabW
repource of the farm, but It makes the
room look bud.
Keep tho cows salted regularly oven
If the weather Is stormy and so save
part of tho churning troublo. Should
tho cows lack salt, add some to the
cream If It does not churn easily.
An attractive opportunity awaits
farmers who undertake tho production
of high-class commercial mules and
It is certain that many farmers will
grasp tho opportunity within tho next
few yenrs.
It requires careful manugoraent to
plan farm work bo thut tho work
horses aro supplied with steady work
at all times during tho rush season.
Idlo horses, llko idle mon, are an ex
pensive luxury.
Prize Yearling
A bullotln entitled "Kconomlcnl
Reef Production," by II. R. Smith,
has just been Issued by the Nebraska
experiment stution. This report
gives tho results of four experiments
In which comparisons are made of dif
ferent rations suitable for producing
beef In Nebraska and of different
types and breeds of cattle fed under
llko conditions. The general conclu
sions aro as follows:
In comparing bran, ltnseedmenl,
and cold pressed cotton seed cake
each ns a source of protein supple
menting cornmeal and Bllnge, tho
cold pressed cako proved to be worth
CO per cent, more per ton than wheat
bran, and HnBecd meal 18 per cent
more per ton than cold pressed cot
ton seed cake.
In tho use of each of theso supple
mentary protein feeds with cornraenl
and prairie hay, tho cold pressed cot
ton seed cako showed a value per ton
22 per cent, greater than wheat bran,
and the linseed meal 28 per cent, more
than tho cotton seed sake.
Where alfalfa was used In connec
tion with cornmeal and Bilage, or
cornmonl and prairlo hay, large gains
were made without tho uso of a con
centrated protein food. The gains in
both experiments whero alfalfa was
fed were larger, less costly and much
more profitable. Those experiments,
supplementing what had previously
been found, show that beef can bo
produced In Nebraska at a lower cost
and with greater profit on a combina
tion of the corn plant and alfalfa
hay than on any other combination of
foods available In the state.
Theso experiments show that corn
silage gives larger gains than shred
ded corn stover when each is fod
Modern Stanchions
with cornmeal and alfalfa, and for
beef production is worth CO per cent
more per ton,
Corn stover has a value 80 per cent
as great is prairie hay, and tho por
tion consumed is fully as valuable.
Prairie hay nt Its usual market price
Is not profitable for fattening cattle.
In comparing a ration consisting of
a hoavy feed of cornmeal, alfalfa and
a light feed of siluge. with a ration
consisting of a medium qunntlty of
light feed of corn, alfalfa and a heavy
feed of silage, yearling Btccrs being
fattened for market made cheaper
and more profitable gains on the
larger feed of corn and smalled feed
of corn silage.
In growing calves to be fattened
later for market, the chcupe'st gains
wero made on a liberal ration of corn
silago and alfalfa without grain, the
coat of gains Increasing In proportion
to the amount of cornmeal fed.
These experiments show that there
(8 n grent vurlatlon In the capacity
of Individual steers to make galnb
under like conditions. Tho data do
not show that tho Individual, of one
breed make larger goltiB thnn thoue
of another breed. The vnrlntlon In
gain seoma to be fully na groat within
a breed as between rpprosentatUos
of different breedn.
Type or conformation hpoius to bo
a controlling factor, the low-sot more
compact types having eomothlng of
an advantugo In gains and much In
early maturity over the rangy typp.
Gains seem to correlatn to a con
siderable degrpo with body capacity
as Indicated by tho size of the middle
girth, tho largest gainers have rela
tively larger mlddlo girths at tho
tamo weight lu most Instances.
Whllo the averago gains made by
All dairy bred steers are nearly the
same as those made by tho boef-bred
steers up to the ago of twenty-throe
months, tho lattor showed lu most In-
for'Calvec.
Hereford Steer.
btunces a higher condition of flesh,
a larger proportion of high-priced
meat, and sold for a higher price per
hundred, roturning larger profits to
tho feeder ou tho basis of tho sauio
initial cost per hundred.
It does not rcqulro a lot of capital
to beconio a breeder of pure-bred cat
tle, provided a person can bo satis
fied to grow In tho business rather
than go Into it. Tho llrst thing to
decide Is what breed meets n person's
tfiBtoB and conditions best When this
point is settled, suys the Southwestern
Stockman, then a bull of good breed
ing should be selected and bred to tho
herd, and calves ralBed from best
cows. The raUIng of grade calves will
givo tho owner a wider exporloncu
and help him to understand some of
tho finer polntB concerning tho rear
ing of Bpecial-brcd dairy cattle.
Tho knowledge gained by raising
and developing grades will bo very
helpful when n pure-bred heifer or
two Is purchased as foundation stock
of a pure-bred herd. Tho Informa
tion gained by tho caro of grades will
not onlybo useful, but tho selection
of a bull will give an experience, at
least It should, that canuot bo gained
In any other way. This stop of select
ing a bull places the dairy farmer In
touch with tho breeds of dairy cattlo
and ho Is awakened to tho fact that
thero Is a great difference In bulls.
A pure-bred bull 1b a greater educator
for he 1b the means of leading men
to think nnd study.
With one or two good heifers it re
quires but a few years to build up a
f'good herd of pure-bred cattlo. In tho
selection of pure-bred heifers pains
should bo taken to select good ani
mals, but greater care should bo ex
ercised in the selection of the bull,
for it Is through the bull tho herd Is
Improved. In other words, the bull
has nn Influence on every calf born
In the herd, while the cow influence
but one calf a year.
It therefore becomes tho greatest
Importance for a dairy farmor to se
lect a well-bred and good breeding
bull Very often aged huljs that aro
good breeders aro offered at prices
little above their value for beef. They
are hardor and moro dangerous to
handle than a yearling, but this
should not prevent a person from
purchasing tho aged hull, especially
If he has proven himself a getter of
good stock. The bull must prove his
worth as a breeder of good stock
just ub tho cow must prove hers -A
tho pail.
To summarize briefly, tho steps to
bo taken by fi dairy farmor who de
sires to become a breeder of pure
bred cattle: First, select tho breed
that is preferred and meets condi
tions best. Second, select n well-bred
bull, and when posslblo one that has
proven himself a getter of good
stock. Third, when finances and ex
perience will permit, buy n pure-bred
heifer or two, nnd from these ani
mals grow Into purc-breds.
Agriculture a Science.
Agriculture has become a science
nnd no uiiflclentlflc methods can suc-
t coed In these days of close compotl-
; ton. New discoveries nro constantly
being made, and tho modern farmer
must be up with the times If ho wants
to succeed. There Is no better way In
which he can keep up with the times
thnn by reading current agricultural
llteratuie
Don't Worry Sheep,
Sometimes fcheop get so fearful of
dogs that they will start up ami run
the moment a man or other object
comos among them. No flock of
sheep that 1h us worried uh this, i.-ver
can do well. Tho very thought of be
ing chased takes uwuy from their use
fulness, and Hooner or later it will
ruin the fold.
Salt for Cows.
When cows aro salted only onco a
weok, they cat too much nt a tlmo,
and It causes looseness of tho bowols.
They will oat a llttlo salt nearly ocry
day If It Ib kept whero they can got
at it, oRpoclally when tho grafs is
fresh and abundant.
Cow Must Have Feed.
It Is wrong to expoct tho cow to
yield' a largo profit simply becauso
alio Is wull bred. Sho must have food
and euro or tho broodlec will amount
to nothing.
CARING FOR LITTLE CHICKS
First Duty Is to Provide Suitable Coop,
for Hen and BroodTwo Methods
of Feeding.
During tho Hatching, If you nro
wlso, you will not bo too curious, but
will ullow tho instinct of tho hen to
do hor work. It may bo well to quiet
ly reach under tho hen and romovo
such ogg shells ns can bo taken out
without disturbing hor, but nothing
further should bo attempted.
Tho Ilrat duty is to provldo n coop
for tho hen nnd brood. No matter
what kind of a coop, from n barrel
laid down to tho most Improved pat
ented nrtlclo, la used. Seo that it 1b
clean nnd tho bottom covered with
And Band, or If tho weather bo really
cold, with oat chaff or short lino hay.
When tho chickens aro twenty-four
hours old thoy nro ready to bo ro
movod to their now quartorB. Up to
this tlmo, writes M. E. Scully of 1111
nols In tho Prairlo Farmor, thoy
should havo received no food, but thoy
nro now ready for their first monl.
Givo them water to drink in n vobboI
into which they cannot got tholr
bodies. A tin vogetnblo can with
Bmall holes punchod nround tho bot
torn and placed In a deep saucor will
answer admirably. Whatovcr their
first food may bo, givo thorn only a
small quantity. Tho best rulo for
feeding Is "llttlo and often."
Two distinct methods of feeding
havo tholr special advocates, tho wot,
that Is, ground feed molstoned with
milk or water; nnd tho dry. I And
tho lattor method tho moro satisfac
tory. I feed crackod wheat, corn and
oatmeal.
Keep tho chicks healthy nnd grow
ing right from tho atnrt Koop thorn
dry and warm. Givo thorn plenty of
grit and puro water. If in a brooder
scatter food In chaff and lot thorn got
oxorclao by aorntchlng. Tho flrat
threo' wooks nro tho most critical timo;
after that, if kopt froo from llco, thoy
will do well.
HOPPER FOR FEEDING MASH
Home-mado Receptacle for Keeping
Oyster Shells, Charcoal and Grit
Is Quite Convenient.
I follow tho "dry hopper" method
in feeling fowls and keep constantly
beforo thorn n mash mndo ot two parts
bran and ono part oach by weight of
middlings, corn meal, gluton moal,
ground oats and beof scrnpB. In tho
morning I scatter wholo grain in tho
litter and at night feed com in win
ter, hut only u llttlo of It in summer,
Dry Mash 8elf-Feeder.
writes Morrit T. Mead of Montgomory
County, Ind., in tho Farm and Homo.
Oyster shells, charcoal and grit nro
kopt In "bins" in tho homo-mada
"hopper," which is horowlth Illus
trated. From oxperlonco I think this
lino of feeding satisfactory, for from
11G, hens I got 11.3G7 eggs in 11
months.
Keep something In tho grit box.
Millet is a great egg-producing
food.
Crowding Just now lesson tho fer
tility of oggs.
Get an incubator and lot tho hem
keep on laying.
No better feed lu tho world than
nlco plump oats and wheat.
Tho first warm dayo start vermin tc
growing In unclean houses.
Tho modern poultry house has
everything lnsldo it easily movublo.
Never feed llttlo chicks wet, slop
py food. It Is bad enough for maturo
stock.
Rolling tho oatc or wheat makes a
good ration and n dOHirablo chauge
occasionally.
Food at regular hours and tho fowls
will always bo ready and waiting for
tholr last meal.
A llttlo moro olbow grouso used in
keoplng tho premises clean will often
prevent disease
A hopporful of bran Is always sea
sonable fod and tho wholo flock should
have nccoss to it.
Get rid of tho hen that Is nevct
caught ou tho nest "By their fruits
yo shall know thorn."
When disposing of some of tho old
stock, pick out tho poor layers and
oldest specimens. They aro jUBt as
good for tho tablo, and you can't af
ford to part with tho money-makers.
"I lmvn tho talent to succcod;
X proper chance In all I neod,"
lli nuilly snld;
"I boo nround mo everywhere
Men who nro Ignorant and small,
Whoso wits wttli initio would not com
pare Yet, luckliiK wisdom, nflor ail,
They set uhond.
"I have tho wliili to get alonjr.
My record's clean, my will is Btronff,
I crave a chniice;
I know, If Fortuno favored mo,
I hnvo tho strenKth ot limb and mind,
rho knowlcdKO and tho union to be
Placed IiIkIi among dm worthy ktnd
That still advance."
ilo thoilRht a chance hlB only need
To Binaah obstructions and succeed.
And ne'er surmised
That yenr by year nnd day by day.
Through rainy seasons unci through dry,
While others pushed him from tho way.
Ho pnsscd tho fnlrcst chances by
Unrecognized.
Hope.
"John," Bald Mrs. Younglovo In
gront distress, "I bollovo haby'n loft
handed. I havo noticed several times
lately that ho is inclined to reach for
his bottla with his left hand. What
shall wo do?"
"Lot him alone, dear. Who knows?
Ho may mako us both famous by de
veloping Into a groat southpaw flin
gor." Successful In One Line.
"That follow will novor succeed at
anything."
"What'B tho mattor with him?"
"As noarly as I can flguro it out he's
lazy. I know ot six Jobs that ha has
lost within Uio past threo months."
"Well, ho sooms to bo protty suc
cessful as a job flndor."
The Mark He Toes.
Sho makes him too tho mark they say,
And doubtless thoy nro right;
Ho tolls away day after day,
Hor hands aro soft and whlto.
Sho has a winBomo, protty faco;
HIb brow has lines of caro;
Still youthful, sho possesses graco
And splondld tilings to wear.
Sh,o makes him too tho mark, thoy say;
Ho Booms borno down by woes;
Hor clothes aro rich, hor laugh Is 'gay;
This () 1b tho mark ho toca-
His New Song.
"Tho good old daye" claim all your
pralso,
Rut they possess no charm for ;no;
My wlfo 1b suing for dlvorco;
I'm looking forward now, ot course,
To tho gala dnyB that nro to bo.
Hit Position.
"My husband novor donlon mo any
thing." '
"What a lovely mnn ho must bo."
"No, ho Isn't at all lovely. Ho Just
elta around and lets mo support him."
Not the Right Way.
"Isn't it nohlo of Mr. Rockefeller to
givo uway his money as ho docs?"
"I don't see anything noblo about It.
I've novor got a cent that ho'a given
away."
Bitter Sweetness.
llko to tako my faithful spado
And for a whllo forgot tho caron
That claim mo In tho marts of trado,
Among contending bulls and bears.
Useless Effort.
Tho woman who Is wearing a new
$45 hat can't understand why peoplo
should waste tlmo or strain their eyes
trying to seo a comet
ys0-
Way Open.
"Say, mister," sputtered tho caller
"you had an item in your durned old
paper this morning about a diver who
stayed undor water two minutes and a
half"
"Can you beat it?" interrupted the
man at tho desk.
"You bet I can I I"
"Well, beat It!" snnpped tho man at
the desk, looking around for some
thing to throw nt him.
y,
- ta.tat-' '" id..