The Napoleon of American Bandits The Account of a Forgotten National Conspiracy By G. T. Ferris I mmmmmammsmum (Copyright liy rgnnlzod banditry doesn't nourish undor our con temporary conditions In the United Stutos, Spo radic crimes BVich as thoso of tlto train rob ber, of the so-called Ulack Hand, and tho lono highwayman aro pregnant enough to oc cupy considerable por portion of tho nows- papers, ns they aro in mil civilized communities. Uut wo must look back to n much earlier jicrlod to find a chronicle of an at tempt to bring togothcr In a widely extended conspiracy under a single liead nil the forces of evil which tes te led over 00,000 squaro inllos of Hparhely settlod torrltory. Tho field of this buUiiiIc campaign extended from Cairo, 111., to tho Mis sissippi delta nnd cut tho width of a broad swath through' a half scoro of !avp states. Wholesale and retail robbery, counterfeiting, land swin dling, negro stealing nnd selling, black mulling, and oven murder and assassi nation, all played thefr part In this vast campaign of crime. John Murrell, tho nposllo and lead cr of this Infernal cult, tho would-bo Napoleon of chaos nnd crlmo in tho Mississippi vnlley, tho organizer of a desperate clan of somo twolvo hun dred miscreants, taught his followers that It was tho snfest way In most cases -to kill tho victim, unless thero van Fomo obvjous icason to tho con trary. "Mnko nu end of tho fool," ho as wont to say; "rip out his bowols nnd houvo him Into tho nearest swamp or bayou; then tho body won't rise 413 testimony." Ho himself would boast. In tho swag ger of his cups, that ho had slaughter ed 10 men with his own hand. Uut most of his crimes wcro committed through, agents. Uut this diabolism was only the fringe of his nmbltion, appalling as It was.. Tho goal of hlu hopes was a .great negro insurrection throughout tho south, which would swoop tho tilavo states like n dovastlng flame. With this lust of rnplno, giving it a nbarpor edge, wns n venomous jeal ousy and hatred of the rich which bad become llko tho mania of n rabid dog. Tho tlmo of tho slave uprising ho had fixed for Christmas night, 183G About IS months beforo this ex pected climax, nn iiitoroRtlng en counter occurred In tho woods of Mad iHon county, West Tennessee In what -wus then known ns (ho Choctaw pur chase Virgil Stewart, n young Georgian, had come Into a small inheritance from his father a year boforo and had th?n concluded to Invest It In tho virgin lands of that nowly opened tract Ho had mndo hla entry, paid tho fee, nnd after keeping tho .store oC-cnio Clnnton, n probate Judge, for a whllo, had returned to Georgia to (Complete the purchnso and tuko resi dence Stewart wnB out riding one eve ning In tho early dusk when ho over took a striking, figure mountod on n flue hunter, which ho sat with tho onso of a finished horseman. Ha ac costed Stewart with wollbrod easO and tho resonant volco of on6 accus tomed to public Bnouklngt "Good evening, plr. 1 bono that you aro onjoyln' your rldo in tho twilight lonmlng. Thero Is somothlng de lightful at this hour In the woods. Na turo declares tho glory of God" part. 4y shutting his oyes with an air of toslvo enthusiasm "but this nicotln of day rind dark among tho troo-plllnrs nlwnys makes mo think of a great church made without bunds." Stewart stared at this salutation, which ho politely i returned, und for a moment fancied the strnugur nn Itin erant minister of tho bettor class Uut lio thought It odd that u gospelor should rldu a thoroughbred hunter and enrry heavy pistols In hla hol ntere, with a kntfo In Ills bolt und a Bawed-off shotgun on his pommel. Yet almost all white, msn wero wont to rldo armed then in that country nnd Uicro was nothing suspicious In thu fact, oxcopt tho pious twung of tho ovorturo. Tho stranger caught Stewart's look and said suavely: ' "My host, who lives about ton mlloa from hynr, Is out of venison, and so I thought God would Bond mo n chance for n buck. I don't bollevo In Blayln' llio benstH of tho fleld wnntouly, bat they wero cronted for tho urq of man, -wo aro taught In Holy Scripture, Do you reside. In this district, sir?" "Probably 1 shall," niiBvurod Slew .art. "nB I have recently bought land hero, and am on the outlook now for same likely slaves. I may have to .run down to Now OrleanB to got thorn, though It la n costly trip, for a good lot of thorn huvo dlsnpponrod from hero of lato run away or stolen. That'tf a lino horao you're riding." "Yes," said tho other with a stnls ter twinkling In hla eyu which Stew art's koen observation noted, "I'm a good judgo of a hoss, or of tho sons of Ham whom God made for Bervlco. 1 4 BETH llldgway Co I trust, sir, you will find a nag as good and all tho black boys you need. I shall bo hereabouts for tho next tort night, and then I shall obey tho com mnnd of God to call sinners to re pentance at tho campmeetln' over in Shelby county, up Momphls way Par don mo, sir, but I took nn Instant llkln' for you and I hope wo shall get furth er acquainted. 1 ride in thoso woods every ovenln'. Goodby till wo meet again'." He doffed his hat with great punc tilio and spurred his horso through a by-road In tho darkling woods. Neith er had mentioned his nnmo to tho other. Stewart pondorod over tho meeting ns ho ambled home, conscious of Its Incongruities. Ho mentioned tho oc currence to his host, Ilev. John Hen nlng, Daptlflt preacher In tho scatter ed hamlet of Tuscahoma and a email planter who worked a dozen negroes. Tho domlnlo rubbed a stubby chin, and wagged his hend; "I wondor Jf It can bo that follow Murrell, who's been hangin' uroun' fur tho last six months off und on. down at tho Corners Yo know two of my boys havo disappeared. Twns a fort night slnco, Just boforo you camo back, and I'vo suspected him of slnve stenlln', but couldn't get any clue. My Dick smells tho nnmo rat und has been lyln' low, but yo boo neither of us over mot him; ho comes and goes llko a shaddor. "Then bo's got a lot of pals aroun', nnd somo of my neighbors swear ho's all right; beam him preach tho llnest sormona in tho world lay preacher, yo kno and got tho spurrlt of God In him." A few dnyB later bo again crossed tho stranger not far from tho scono of tho first meeting, and tho lattor greeted him with un nir of unmistak able pleasuro: "I havo thought n good deal about you, sir, slnco Imot you tho other night. I reckon we're kindred spirits somehow, for 1 know humun nature pretty well and rarely mnko a mis take," with an air of great complu coney. "I thought I'd llko to havo a long powwow, for I'm a lonely man, though I know many people 1 urn unexpectedly called away tomorrow evening. Pray, sir, como nnd spend tho night with mo at tho Corners. My host of tho tavom has fine old 'apple,' and a brace of wild ducks' fit for a king or for" stopping with lips purBed Into an onlgmatlc smile. Stownrt gladly asBented, and thoy rodo together a fow miles farther to tho Corners, which consisted of a log tnvorn, a ramshackle store and n rudo blacksmith Bhop. Tho rulllanly land lord loworod at Stownrt with a glanco of suspicion, but quailed at tho lm perlous scowl which his morel familiar gucBt shot at hlni, ns, turning with a wuvo of his hand, hu Bnld: "This Is my friend, Mr " with Inquiring look. "Oh, my namq Is Hues, Adam Hues," answered Stownrt, wondering with alarm whether tho landlord could pos Blbly know of him After Buppor Under a hugo gum troo, and with a tongue well loosoned by frequent llbntllons of applo toddy, the mnn of mystery began to unbosom himself. ' "You aro a speculator, Hues, and so am I, though not perhaps In tho samo lino. Tho world has treated mo badly and you, too, I reckon, If I rend you aright. Sou tho swarms of tho rich, whoso claws aro fastouod on all tho good things of llfo, tho best to oat. tho best of drink, tho finest of clothes to wear. If yo could only hear my friend, John Murrell, talk on the thing! Ho'b ono of tho greatest men In tho world, air boats Andy Jackson all to donth, and I want yo to moot him." And bo ho wont on In a fierco tlrndo against tho whole order of society. Tho young mnn had Hsteuod with out n word, with the samo fooling mat n uiuaon spectator would havo at watching cannibals at their ghastly banquot. Ho had had tlmo enough to mnko up his mind, and ho nerved him self to see tho thing through "Sir," ho said, oxtondlng his hand. "I don't know who you nro, but put It right thorol What you'vo said has sounded a hlddon chord. 1 feel you'ro exactly right, sir, and thnt wo ought to get cvon with our oppressors In nny way wo can. You reckoned straight when you buw In mo u congenial Bplrlt." Tho noxt morning nB thoy rodo through tho woods, talking of Indif ferent matters. Stownrt was accosted with tho sudden Interjection. "I nm John Murrolll" accompanied hv look of plorclng question. "I Buspected so hiBt night," was tho answer, "and wub rejoiced to know u man of my own kidney." A handclasp sooined to lellovo tho other's mind of any passing doubt, and Murrell Bald bluntly "1 nood a lloutennnt. a man of grit of brains nn' resources. Will you ba that man. Hues? I picked you by an uufallln' instinct, Instantly I saw you Tho young man ngrood. and two hours later thoy purtod, arranging a rendezvous for two weeks later as Murrell wns compelled to go away on somo call of his nefarious work. Dur ing that rldo and on subsequent oc casions this colossal villain told In part tho story of a llfo bristling with crimes of ovory aort with a Bmock of Infernal prldo which Sntun himself could not havo surpassed. Murrell's mother, n Tennessee mountain woman, hnd, In spite of an honest fnther, trained her young son ns a thlof from early childhood. While yet a stripling, ho begnn to steal horses, and in disposing of these ho fell In with various small predatory gangs, who did not hesitate to mur der as well as rob Young Murrell's superior address and cunning mado him an adept In disposing of robber loot, nnd ho gradually becamo Initiat ed Into all tho successive grades of crime. He brought to tho business great cruft and power of organization and the ability to mako uso of tho villainy of others. Ho wns arrested for horse-stenllng and was sentenced to tho ponltcntlary for three years.' He was a model prls onor nnd gave up his spare time to UBolduous rending, more especially to tho study of theology, law and tho rudiments of the henllng nrt. Stownrt mot the bandit chief, nnd as thoy rodo west Murrell told him that they wcro on the way to ono of tho principal headquarters of tho clan which was on nn Island In a Missis sippi bayou, Just across tho river from Memphis. Horo ho would meet somo of tho principal men and bo sworn Into tho band. Murrell wns exhilarated Into a fierce hllnrlty, for this Napoleonic ruffian sooms to have been Inspired by a gen. lal liking for his chanco recruit which banished all his natlvo caution. Ho had, In his crnylng for a perfect con lidonco, beguiled himself Into the con viction thnt In Hues he had found tho very twin of his soul. He now outlined to his companion something of the colossal schemo of a negro uprising, over which his diabolical spirit had brooded so long. "TIiIb may seem too bold to you, Hues, but that Ib what I glory In," ho snld. "All the crimes I havo over committed havo been of tho most dar ing. I'vo been successful In all of 'cm. I nm confident I shall be victorious in this matter. I'll havo tho pleasuro und honor of seeing arid knowing that by my management I havo glutted tho earth with moro human blood nnd de stroyed more property than nny rob ber who has over lived In America or tho known world. I look on tho Amer ican peoplo ns my common enemy. They have disgraced mo" thus ho designated his short term of impris onment "and they can do no moro. "My llfo 1b riothln' to me, nnd it shall bo spent bb their devoted enemy. My clnn Is strong, bravo, experienced and rapidly Increasing in numbers I shouldn't bo surprised If wo number ed 20.000 at tho tlmo of Wo uprising. And I nm strong in tho high standing of so many of my chief councilors, many. Indeed, In honornblo and lucra tive offices. Should anything leak out prematurely, thoso men would drive away tho fears of tho peoplo by ridi cule, turning It Into a cock-and-bull Btory. "Wo havo considerable monoy In the hands of our treasurers to complete our purchases of arms and ammuni tion, to lit out the companies that aro to attack the cities and towns. We will mnnngo to got possession of the different nraenals and supply ourselves from every, sourco that mny offer. Tho npgroos wouldn't want many arms till they get 'om from tho houses they do stroy, as a knife, a club, a pick or an ax will do to murder families at night, when they are dazed with sloop and terror at tho light of their burning homes." Stewart tolls us that ho afterward marvoled that ho refrained from shooting Murrell then nnd thero, for ho always kept ono hand on a pocket derringer, a silver-mounted pair of which had been given him the dny bo foro by tills Incarnate demon. Porhnps tho feeling that tho ono soft spot In Murrell's naturo was the curious lnfatuntlon for himself re straned his itching hand. Thoy found thomsclves on tho banks of tho Mississippi, at that tlmo storm lashed, at dusk, but tho rowboat on which Murrell relied wns gone So thoy nppllod for hospitality at tho houso of a planter named Champion. Ho looked askance at Murrell when the latter Requested tho loan of a aid ft on which to cross. Stewart at onco appraised htm as an honest mnn und not ono of tho many secret con federates of tho robber gang. Cham pion felt a noto slipped Into his hand as tho twain parted from him noxt morning, read n warning In Stewart's oyes, saw a linger motioned to the lips. Tho Island rendezvous was a sinister-looking plnco set in a llttlo river bend thnt somowhat concealed it. All day long small parties arrlvod at tho Island. To thoso "Adum Huob" was Introduced ns a new und trusted recruit, until nbout'50 wero riBsombleil, a fow of whom would nevor havo boon suspected of other than a roputnblo llfo. Thoso wero. 8omo of the prin cipal inombors of tho "Grand Council." and this wns tho night of tho regular quarterly meotlng. Tho council wns hold In tho eve ning. UoportB wore rend from local contors as to tho progress of tho Blnvo uprlalng conspiracy. FIgureB wero given for tho three months past as to tho ynrlouB monoy-maklng crlmos which had boon committed In somo Jlvo stntoB. Plans wero discussed for perfecting tho methods of propaganda among thu hosts of negroes on tho plantations. Tho Inst bustnoBB dono was tho for. mnl Initiation of "Hucb" ns a member of tho gang and oa a Grand Councilor. Tho young man was Initiated, sworn In undor blood-curdling penalties, tnught all tho grips and signals of recognition, and the night wns worn out In a mad debauch. Tho noxt day tho Grand Council dissolved, Its members departed, and Murrell, who stayed to superintend tho loading of tho black cattlo In a flntboat for tho Blavo-tnarkot, was fin nlly left alone with his lieutenant. "Thoro's $20,000 In that batch," ho exulted, "and we will havo another cargo next month. The bandit chief In his unbounded confldenco then Insisted that Stewart should do whnt ho had fearod ho might not bo able accomplish make a complete list of tho Grand Councilors, their occupations, places of renldeuco, and their assignments In a conspiracy of murder, arson, robbery and devas tation unparalleled In American his tory. It took two days to securo this fatal transcript from tho books, and tho scrlbo wns amazed to find, among tho four hundred names on the black schedule participants scattered over the states south of Virginia, men of unquestioned repute and social place, oven professed ministers of tho gos pel, wolves In shoop's clothing, Judges on tho bench, law practitioners, news paper editors, merchnnts nnd hotel keepers, men ono would expect to llnd wedded to tho stability of order and suppression of crime. , Wnen the twain doparted from the dismal Island, reeking with 11b crlmo lnden mystery, Stewart, well-night overburdoned with such a sinister rov elation, devised an excuse to stop at Champlon'B plantation. To him bo told sufficient to secure a pledgo of co operation at a moment's notice, nnd silence until the tlmo was ripe. It waB arranged with Murrell that his now man should moot him at a rendez vous a week later, to bo formally as signed for active duty. Stewart narrated his amazing story to Mr. Honnlng, and the old preacher wus strickeif dumb; suspicious though he had been In a vague way, by such a disclosure. It was determined that John Mur rell should be arrested In an ad Joining county and not In tho vicinity of Tuscahoma, as It might mean that Clunton, who was Justlco of tho peace as well as probate Judge, would at onco discharge him from custody. Champion and somo of his friends camo at Stewart's call and with Par son Hennlng, his son, and half a dozen trusty Bplrlts, all armod to tho teeth, serving as posse, a warrant waB duly aworn out and Murrell taken. When the robber markod one faco among his captors he spat on tho ground and growled out between his teeth with a sort of frozon rage: "It's well for you that I was such a fool; but mark you, traitor, this business Isn't dono yot, I reckon!" Stewart half confesses that for a moment, domonluc-IIko villain as ho knew tho other to be, ho felt a pang of shamo that It had fallen to him, for whom a wretch llko this had shown his ono human weakness, to be tho Instrument of his betrayal, neces sary aB that was for tho good of tho commonwealth. Whllo awaiting the action of tho grand Jury, tho arch desperado escaped by connivance, but waB retaken and lodged in a Memphis prison, where ho could bo more effect ively guarded. Thero ho remained for several months beforo trial, as the Indictment being for nogro-stcallng, as tho proofs of his vastly moro honlous crimes wcro, as Stewart had antici pated, difficult to marshal. Murrell was convicted nnd condemned to ton years In tho penitentiary for kidnap ing and selling slnve property. Many attempts wero mado to get him released on ball during the three months interim, as well as to assist him to break Jail. A campaign of nbuso and slander of tho most en venomed sort had been at once open ed against Stewart, and numerous Journals throughout the south hearti ly espoused Murrell's sldo as that of an innocent man. Tho young Georgian's life, as well ns his reputation, hung In evenly bal anced scales. Many estimable per sons could not persuade thomselves to bellovo In such a prodigy of guilt He wroto and disseminated at his own expense a prlntod pamphlet, with n detailed account of his experiences with Murroll, scattering tho document broadcast. Ono thing ho did not do, however. Ho did not mnko procla mation of tho names and residences of Murrell's associates of tho Grand Council. Ho held It In reserve, mak ing It public that tho list was In such hands aB would publish It if anything untoward happened to him. Such Is the Irony of fate A malo factpr superlatlvo in evil and stooped In every concelvnblo crime, who mer ited tho scaffold a hundred times over, for whom no long-drawn torturo would havo been excessive, died In a TennosBco prison nftor threo years of Incarceration for a minor offense, passing away almost in tho odor of sanctity Virgil Stownrt, who brought him within the meshes of tho law and toll ed his satanlc alms, waB almost os trlclzed by a largo section of tho southern public and was defamed by many of Its newspapers as ono who had unjustly stigmatized Murrell and created a nlghtmaro out of his own Imagination. Tlmo, howovor, wrought its compen sation. Old niombqra of tho Murroll army of criminals wero arrestod and punlBhod from tlmo to tlmo for now offenses, somo condemned by Judga Lynch, others by Judicial process, Tholr confosslons boforo execution fully confirmed tho torrlblo story told by Stewart, from ordlnar," murder ond robbory up to tho baloful conspir acy to drown tho wholo south In a sea of blood, raplno, lust and devastation. WWM ETHEL ROOSEVELT gjj, ' . J ; jHEL Vi ... " WKKKtmu, . AT - , . - .ft . and Roger A. Derby, who Is now nt Jackson Springs, .N. C. His sister Is Mrs. Samuel A. Tucker of 155 East Sixty-first Btrect. He Is at present .spending a few days at Mrs. Archibald Rogers' place at Hyde Park. N. Y. Miss Roosovelt has been conspicuous In Now York society since leaving tho White House, attonding many of tho affairs given by tho younger aet, although sho haB Bpont most of her time with her parents at Sagamoro Hill at Oyster Bay. In personal appearance she Is attractive BRIG.-GEN. JAMES After a life chock-full of adventuro and achievement, honored 'In tho serv ice of his government, Drlg.-Gen. James Allen, chief signal ofllcor of tho United States army, on Feb. 13 retired from active service and will go back to live tho remainder of his llfo at his boyhood homo, Laporto, Ind. General Allen has a military record of forty-one years which reads llko a novel. Himself of modest bearing. It Is in tho official, perfunctory records of tho war department that tho full story of his adventures may be gleaned. All the way from fighting on the old Indian frontier down to han dling tho highly scientific questions of development of military aviation and tho wireless, General Allen has been In tho forefront. Allen graduated from West Point In 1872, and, in the cavalry branch, immediately saw service in the In dian camnalcns In thn miririio woct In 1891 ho was transferred to tho signal corp3 becau3p of his unusual ability in arranging means for military communication. It was, however, in tho Spanish-American war that the army officer for ever established tho reputation of thcr army signal corps. For locating Cer vera s fleet in Santiago harbor and supplying the Information which resulted Jn Its destruction. Brigadier General Allen received a letter of commendation from President McKlnloy. WAS SENATOR FOR ONLY 22 DAYS HelsKeii, "out tuo Arkansas legisla ture had no difficulty in showing mo the way out. I am leaving the sen ate .after this short service because of circumstances over which I havo no control. Lately I havo been spending my tlmo In learning what rights, privileges, prerogatives, and Immunities a man has who has boon a member of tho senate After this Bervlco of twenty-two days, I am going home to spend tho rest of my life writing my reminiscences." Senators" from both Bides of tho chamber crowded about tho young Arkansas membor aB ho concluded hla speech. CONGRESSMAN PUJ0 Who ia Pujo? This query has boen mado by thousands of peoplo during tho last fow months. In tho southwestern part of Louisiana, there Is a large section of woodland, In fact a primoval for est. Until a few years ago this vast tract was undovclopod. On tho banka of tho Calcasieu river, Just where it widens Into a broad lake, waa a vll lago of sawmills. This Is Lako Charles. But a!l that part of Louis iana widen abounds not only In lum ber but also In -mineral wealth haa mado rapid strl'les and Lako Charles Is now a amall city. It was burned down In 1910 at least tho business part of it and It has bravely risen from Us nshes. For two sessions of congress Mr. Arlstldes Pujo has repre sented this section of Louisiana. Ho is a lawyer and provlous to his elec tion to congress did some inquiry work in his own state. In politics ho 5s a Democrat. Mr. Pujo 1b about fifty years of ago, and his wifo and two daughters aro with him In Washington. As his Christian and surname Big nlfy, ho is descended from tho Acadian settlers of southwestern Louisiana, those Canadian refugoea who camo from tho far north into this land and whoso voyage to tholr new homo has boen celebrated by Longfollow In "Evangeline" Thoso Bettlors havo a ponchant for classic names and Alcl blades and ArlBtldes and other heroes of tho Greeks aro perpetuated each gen. cratlon in tho christening of their children. ENGAGED TO WED Col. and Mrs. Theodoro Uoosovclt havo announcod tho engagement of their second daughter, Miss Ethel Carow Roosevelt, to Dr. Richard Der by, a son of tho Into Dr. Richard H. Derby of this city. Fow young women aro moro widely known that Miss Roosovelt. who holds tho distinction of having spent moro years In tho White IIouso than any young girl beforo her, and who mado her debut In society at a ball in the Whlto Houso in December, 1908. Dr. Derby Id a graduato of Har vard, cjass 1903, and la a young and successful physician In Now York city. Ills father was a well-known, eyo specialist, a graduato of Harvard In 1SG7, whoso denth occurred July 1907. at ",s Bummer place at Dark Harbor, Me. Misa Roosevelt's fiance has two brothers, James Lloyd Derby, with whom ho resides at 969 Park avenuo ALLEN RETIRES Senator John M. Heiskell. of Ar kansas, bade farewell tho other day to his tweritytwo-day service as United States senator. "My successor is bearing down upon me," Senator Heiskell told hla colleagues In Washington, "armed with a commission that will serve aa a writ of dispossession for mo. Ho will, in lurn. servo but a short while, when another will coma to take his place for the long term. There is senatorial glory enough to go around, if you keep it moving fast." Senator Heiskell succeeded tho late Senator Jeff Davis on January 9. His successor, W. M. Kavannugh. fin ished out tho short term, nnd in turn was supplanted by Joseph T. Robin son, who was elected for tho regular term. "When I come hero a fow days ago, I had difficulty In finding my way Into the senate," said Senator OF FRENCH DESCENT 1 c&tf& ffipgtfH(