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BEARS MEXICANS' PLEA TO PRESIDENT
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N THE early part of last June a
tfmiin nf TTnlliwl fitutftu nrlnv nlll.
Bjj" cer Btoo'd watching an noroplnno
f'i ub It .Bourrd aloft from tho Army
Aviation hcIiooI nt College Park,'
Md. Tho manhlno cnrrlod two
mail, Cnpt Cluirlos Do Forost
Chandlur, commandant of the
nchool, anil LI out. Thomas I)e Witt
MlUhiK 'Jin- of the army aviators,
who acted aa pilot Hotwonn tho
Iuioob of Captain Chandlur was
strapped a queor-looklng object, resembling some
what u largo Inverted telescope with a dlnk-Ilko
Attachment nt tho near I; ml
When tho noroplano had reached a height of 000
foot and was nklmmlnK nlong at a speed of fifty
nillea nn hour, nuddonly ahove tho roar of the on
line tlicro cumo to tlm watchers bolow a quick rip
lilug Bound. At the same ItiHtant a ncoro of little
dut clouds spurted up from tho ground n few hun
"rtrcd 'feet away. Thin was repeated twice. Thon
(ih (ho aeroplane glided to earth, at the Hpot whore i
tho dtiBt had arisen, the ofllcers ran forward to
mcot It.
On the ground lay a plcco of clieoio .cloth, three
yards by fifteen, punctured with nuniorouu small
tioles. And thon tho Heeret was out. The curious
looking ohjoct carried by tho paHBungcr waB an
noroplano gun and tho plero of choeao cloth was tho
targctnt which ho had aimed while (lying abovo
t nlmost a mllo ti minute
m
fil
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squid y
CaivLul oxnmlnatlon of tlie target uhowed that
out of (ho full mngnzlno or fifty cartrldgca dls
uhargod hy tho gun operator, forty-llvo BhotH had
hit tho-mark. Tho other 11 vo Bhotfl, tho gunner
explained, had boon Bent Into a nearby flah-pond
In order that ho might get, by tho BplaBh of tho
wntor, hn InstantnnoouH report qt tho accuracy
or lils aim. Tho fact that thla waa tho first time
tho gun had boon taken nloft, together with tho
truouoBB of tho aim aa Bhown by tho oxnmlna
tlon of tho target, apoko emphatically thon and
thoro of tho great poBBlbllltlea of lleota of aero
jilanoa loaded with theao rnpld-llro guha, Boarlng
over a column of tho enemy's troopB,
Tho potontlnl roBiilt of swooping air-craft, arm
ed to tho teoth with death-dealing bullota, 1b stag
gering to ordnance ofiicorB of tho army anil nnvy
who dlscuBB U. "Whoro will this lead?" thny nak.
It Is poBBlblo that tho nlr is to harbor tho groatost
dOHtructlvo forces in modern wurfaro? There
wcemn nothing to prevent It.
This remarkable noroplano gun la tho invention
or LIeut.-Col. Iunuo If, LowIb or tho United Stntea
nrmy const artlllory corps. Curiously enough,
tho gun wiib designed primarily for Infantry and
cavalry nso. Lator. however. Colonel Lowia wnH
tmprcHEcd with tta posstblllttcB for ubo In n.ro
plnuou. y
Heretofore tho difficulties which lmvo stood In
tho wny of serviceable guns for neroplanoa hao
boon dlfllculty In manipulation, too groat wclghl,
lorrlflc recoil which would knock tho frnll craft
out of gear, and llnmo from tho rllto which would
endangor tho mnchlne.
In tho LowIb gun Uiobo dlfllcultloB aro elimi
nated. Thoro Is no anioko no llnmo only tho
Bound or tho explosion tolls that tho gun has boon
fired. Thoro Is no rocoll and tho gun Is bo bal
anced by tho mngnzlno thnt tho aim Is not ovon
Interrupted whilo tho gun la being llrod. It can
bo fired at na high n rate jib 7C0 ahots a mlnuto,
hut tho rato may bo roduced to 3G0 BhotB por
mltnito, or to any number botwoen thoao limits,
by a Blmplo adjustment or tho gaSport vnlvo con
trolling tho ndmlBBlon or tho gnB to tho plHton
cjlindor. Whon nrlng nt full speed it takes ap
proximately rour seconds to dlachargo a maga
zlno or firty cartridges, and tho empty inngnzluo
way bo roplacod by a rull ono within two seconds.
It might naturally bo supposed that such rapid
ity of firing would soon overheat tho barrel ot
tho gun nnd render It temporarily uboIobb, Ono
at tho distinguishing reaturoB or tho gun, hfiw
qvor, le a dovico whereby tho bnrrol Is kept con
tinually cool by automatically produced hlastB or
nlr, Tho barrel or tllo gun 1b surroundod by a
close-fitting aluminum Jacket, cylindrical In form
and having some twenty deeply-cut longitudinal
grooves extending from breech to muzzlo. Out
elde of this Jacket Is a light steel tubo, throo and
rtmur Q&TCgfr T,&SMM? rt?JZY
three-quartera Inches In diameter
at tho breech and two and soven
alghths Inches at the muzzlo end
of tho gun. Tho grooves In tho
atoel Jacket have f,ull accesB to tho
atmoBphore at the brooch, thus
forming a series of Inclosed air
ductB running tho entiro length ot
tho barrel. Each tlmo thd gun Is
fired tho ejector action or the dis
charge blast bucIcb through those
ducts, from tho rear, a draft of air
which Borves to carry off tho heat
transmitted to tho Jacket from the
barrel. Tho cooling is automatic
In action, without the uso of water
or other cooling liquid and without
mechnnlsm or moving parts. Ab
aluminum has six times tho heat
conductivity of Btcol and butj one
third its wolght, tills very effective
method of cooling tho1 gun adds
but a few pounds to tho total
woight carried.
Another novel feature which dlf
rorontlntoB tho Lewis gun from all
other ga3-oporatod guns la tho
small Inclosed operating spring
which Is locntetd near tho trigger
pieco ot tho breech far removed
from all Injurious heat offectB. Tho
tompor of thla spring cannot bo ut
either direct or tranBmlttcd heat, no
upon unprotcctc 1 person
nel or land dcrc --.es, with
out ondnngerlnp ho aero
plane or Its ere - It being
practically Impossible to
attack successfully tho
rapidly-moving aeroplane
from below. Th" gun also
opens a new fi Id of at
tack and dofenio In that
It will bo used as an ef
fective weapon against
other aeroplanes si "llarly
armcit. It means that
hereafter unarmed aero
planes will no lon.er be
used In war, uen for
scouting pnrpoB' i.
new 75- illlmetro
gun, designed t . tho de
struction of s roplanes,
has JuBt been tosted at
Toulon, France and proved
satisfactory.
TELEPATHY AMONG ANIMALS
fectod by
matter of rapid and long-continued firing.
Tho development tcstB of tho gun, which nave
boon In progress for two yenrs, show that tho
burrel doea not bocomo overheated under con
tinuous llr1 at full Bpeed, and that It will not
thoreforo bo necessary to carry along un extra
barrel when on tho filing Hue. Since no cooling
wntor Is nocoBsnry, and no special mount excoptN
a small stake or "cowboy" mount weighing about
eight pounds, tho Hold equlpmont or tho Lowla
gun Is roduced to a minimum. Tho gun may be
llred from any natural support found In tho Hold,
such as a rock, log, stump, tree or mount or
earth. It Ib oven poBBlblo to .empty a magazine
whilo holding tho gun to the shoulder or rrom tho
hip, as the recoil effect Is scarcoly noticeable.
It Ib a matter of nolo that ono ottho most
conspicuous things on tho battlefield In South
Africa was tho Jot of Btoam rrom tho boiling
wntor which waa being used on tho barrels or
tho rapid llro guns ror cooling purposes.
Tho gun'is simplicity ItseU. It haB only rorty
Boven parts, bb compnrod with twice that number
ror other rapid llro guns. On tho battloflold or
In tho nlr whoro tools aro necessarily scarco, and
where they nro noodod inoro than anywhoro else
whon thoy aro wnntod, tho Lowis gun would cer
tainly causo no worry, should some pleco of tho
mechanism he broken or othorwlso got out of
working order, since tho only tool roqulrod to
dissemble or assoinblo tho gun Is tho point of a
bullet.
Tho Buatalned rapidity of lire or which tho gun
la capable makes It a far more dangerous nnd
directive wonpan than any bomb-dropping dovico
iib yet devised.
Tho accuracy of tho firing of tho Lowls aero
plane gun on Its first tost wns not only surpris
ing In ltsolf, but has aroused attention on tho part
of our army nnd navy exports to tho fact that
our battleships and tho disappearing gun bat
torles of our coast dorenses nro completely un-,
prepared ror attack rrom tho air. In tho opinion '
or many, Including Colonel Lowls, who is nlso
tho Inventor or tho Lowls depression position
finder now employed In tho const artlllory oorv
Ico, It marks tho beginning or n dovolopmont
that la destined to produco radical chnngos In
our land doronso ntnd coast armaments, both ror
offense nnd doronso
According to Colonel LowIb, nn noroplano cost
ing not more than ?5,000 will easily bo ablo to
carry tho gun, 2,000 rounds or ammunition, tho
p,dn operator and tho pilot. At n height or ono
mllo or grcator and whilo moving at a Bpeed of
lirty miles per hour, it will bo possible with MIb
gun to pour in tho moat destructive firo upon tho
doolc and fire control masts pr battlosblps, and
Hlrda and beasts receive lnrormatlon through
tho medium of earth vibrations, John D. Quack
enboB, M. D., writes In tho North American Re
viow. Cettain gamo blids and animals are sensi
tive to tho faintest earth tremor, and nre ap
proached only by the hunter who steps slowly
and carefully, without jarring tho surfaco of the
ground. Tho nature of tho vibrations also con
voys a notion of the direction from which tho
danger Is coming, and wild gamo dopend as much
on their apprehension of this as upon detection
by tho ear. When It comes to cosmic vibrations,
tho subtle movements communicated to tho
earth's crust by the tides or tho pull of heavenly
bodies, animals aro mysteriously affected as to
appetite, sloop, nervous poise and possibly pro
creation and migration.
Recent experiments havo proved moths and
other Insects to bo capablo of thought transfer
ence so far-reaching as to Impress their fellows
miles away with a knowledge or their whero
nbouts. It Is well known to whalers that a cetacean
struck by n harpoon has power instantly to con
vey Intelligence or tho prosonco or an enemy to
a spouting school a half mile distant, so that the
Individuals composing it Immediately dlsappeai
below tho aurrace. Every angler is aware that'
if ono trout in a pool has caught a glimpse of
him all are Instantly apprised of his presence,
so that his most attractive luroB aro offered In
vain. What ono knows all know at tne same
UlUIUUill. UUUUKII ill! IlllUrCIIilUKM Ol huucuiihciuub
states. Aristotle noticed that tho fomalo par
tridge Ib affected by a distant male bird through
what he described as a breezo from tho malo'tf
direction.
Somo twenty years ago thq late Austin Corbln
purchased 25,000 acres of farm and wood land in
Now Hampshire and stocked tho estnto known
as niuo Mountain park wltl oik nnd door. In
1S97 is was predicted that tho' oxtlnct carnlvords,
whoso natural food is vonlBon, would return to
the region. Not long afterward tho prosonco of
pumas, or mountain lions, was reported In the
park and vicinity, and tho black bear lynx and
wildcat aro conspicuously In evidence today.
PAYING FOR THE SPOONS
If It woro not for tho souvenir thief no hotel
-manager would bo gray-headed or bald. Their
Uvcb would be ono long dream of bliss, broken
throo times daily by a spasm of happlnoss whon
they boJI.35 conts' worth of rood ror $1.25. Hut
tho memento grabber ages him. "Wo tried to
mnko the whiter protect tho Bllvor," said ono the
other day. "And wo round that after tho waiter
worked for us a month ho owed us money, be
causo of fines for stolon Bllvor. That wouldn't
do. That Bamo waiter would do his waiting else
whoro first trying to break ovon with tho estab
lishment boforo leaving And It is very unpleas
ant to lock tho doors of n privnto dining room
until wo audit tho teaspoons."
So nil hotel mnnagors havo ndopted a new
plan. Tho coBt or Bteallng Bllvor Is Included In
tho bill for tho meal you tako In tho public din
ing room. That Is a matter or average When
ou dlno with a merry little party or several
merry little parties, as It sometimes happens In
n private room, It Is also Inoluded in tho bill. Not
long ago tho man who entertains out-oMown buy
ers In a certain wholesale lino ordered a private
dining 'room and a special dinner ror a half dozon
guests. Tho hotel manager gavo him a figure.
"Tell your cook to sproad hlmsoir on hs din
uor," said tho prospective host, laughingly. "My
guosts arc all from tho wost."
"Pardon mo," said tho manager, hurried!; , "1
forgot nn Horn. Your bill will bo $2 more."
Tho host looked nt tho raomorandum and found
nn ltom marked "spoons."
"Much bottor to charge for tho Bpoons in nd
vanco," Bald tho hotel man. without a blush. "The
Indies from out or town nil tako om. So do tho
lndlos rrom In town This way Wo're sate and
they'ro saved a sin."
Sonor Zoferlno Domlnguez, a
wealthy Mexican planter, as repre
sentative of land owners, agricultur
ists and other citizens of tho twenty
Beven Btatca or Mexico, recently sub
mitted to President Tart n plan
which, ho hopea, will bring peace,
and insuro, permanent freedom from
unrest In his country.
Regarding his plans, Senor Horn
inguoz said:
"The plan I havo in view is that
tho land ownors of Mexico Join with
tho government In giving tho poor
people ncceBa to tho land. At pres
ent 7,000 families own all the land
In Moxico. There aro 12,000,000 per
sons who own nothing nnd havo no
interest whatever in tho land.
"Tho way to pacify tho poor peo
plo Ib to givo them an interest in,
something. As the situation stands,
thoy can earn more in two hours'
looting than In ono year's work.
"Tho plan I offer Includes also the
establishment and maintenance of a strong army for defense and for tho sup
pression of outlawry. Wo suggest that tho army bo a form of militia and that
tho Boldlors, whon not engaged In military duties, bo employed on farms set
nsldo for tho purpose. As an inducement to men to enter and rmain In tho
service, each soldier would receive a small farm at the end of his term.
"The situation which confronts us In Mexico is this: Wo havo a govern
ment which cannot control tho rebels, nnd wo have rebels who cannot defeat
tho government.
"Intervention would be disastrous to all. The United States might nond
an army of 500,000 men Into Mexico; It might hold tho City of Moxico nnd all
the principal ports, but It will not hold tho country. Thorc are too many
mountains and too many tribes."
, tiff J1 S&tyfcr- -
PRESIDENT FALLIERES IS CALLED STINGY
i? . ;.. iT'.a&Sg 4L o.
mm&e' 't,
ii
President Fallleroa is again being
subjected to criticism on tho scoro of
parsimony. When, a few years ago,
the king and queen of Norway wcro
guests of tho republic, an accident
happened at Versailles which might
easily havo had fatal consequences
for tho queen and Mme. Falllerea.
Tho postillion who was riding ono
of tho horses drawing the stato lan
dau, In which they sat, took too
sharp a turn in croslng a bridge
spanning the ornamental lake near
.Trianon, and fell with his mount into
tho water. Happily tho carriage re
mained on the bank.
It was stated at tho time that since
M.j Fnlllercs' Installation the Elysoo
stable was farmed out, and that
horses and servants were supplied by
a contractor. Thus tho accident was
explained on the ground of tho pos
tilllon'B lnexperlonco. M. Falllores
was thon accused or farming out his
stables In order to reduco tho ex
penses of his occupation of tho Elysee, and a part' of Uio Paris press de-,
nounced his efforts to economizo at tho expense of tho prestige of the
republic.
Similar attacks rfro bolng mado now in connection with tho visit of tho"
Grand -Duke Nicholas Nlcholalovltch, who, with his uncle, has beon provided
with vehicles of shabby appearance, poor-looking horses, and coachmen in
ill-litting old liveries.
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WINS NOMINATION AFTER SIX DEFEATS
William Sulzor, representatlvo in
congress from New York city, wns
nominated for governor of Now York
state tho other day by tho Demo
cratic stato convention. It waa tho
sovonth time ho had been a candidate
for this nomination.
Mr. Sulzer was born In Elizabeth:
N. J., March 18, 1803. His father,'
ThomaB Sulzer, was a German patriot
ot tho school of SIgol and Schurz."
and arter tho revolution ot 1848 was
Imprisoned. Escaping, ho went to
Switzerland, and carao to America In
1851, settling In Now Jersey. When
William was a baby his parents
moved to New York city, and his
resldenqo haB never been changed
since. '
William Sulzer waB graduated
from Columbia College, where ho
studied law. Ho acquired a reputa
tion as a speaker and debater In tho
Cooper Union Debating society. Art
er graduation he took up tho prac
tice of law, and also entered actively Into politics, his first public nppear
anco being as a speaker for Cleveland In the campaign of 1S84.
RAJ RANA OF JHALAWAR. A REFORMER
The Raj liana of Jhalawar. whose
portrait Is herewith presented, Is tho
representative of a most illustrious
branch of tho Solar race, tho ruler of
an important state, nnd a reformer
who Ib endeavoring to Introduce mod
ern conditions without giving um
brage to tho upholders of past tradi
tions, than which, as wo know, thero
Is no moro difficult task. The his
torian of India shfws how tho Brit
ish conquered tho peninsula from a
number of races by converting tho
enemies ot ono period into the allies
or tho next; but It has never been
mado sufficiently clear that thero waa
ono raco with which England never
warred, tho Rajputs ot Rajasthui
"tho Land of Prlnceo." It was duo
to tho wisdom of an ancestor or the
Rnna or Jhalawar, that the Rajputu
sought and obtained nn alllanco and
protection in tho critical period ot
tho eighteenth century, when tho
I MarnthaB seemed for a "moment likely
co anticipate Groat Britain In tho unification of India. This prince was Zallm
Singh Regut. and, practically speaking, ruler or ICotah tor fifty years, or
him Colonel Tod, in perhaps tho most entrancing work that any Englishman
has penned on India, has given a vivid picture, as tho wise mnn who con
ducted his country through tho shoals and breakers of a stormy period, nnd
hla reflected glory descends on his successor, Bhawanl Singh, tho subject
of this portrait.
i