H
THE SEMI-WEEKLY TRIBUNE
IRA L. BARB, Publisher.
TERMS, $1.25 IN ADVANCE.
MORTH PLATTE, NEBRASKA
AEROPLANE QUNS. .
Tho experiments by Cnptaln Lewis
of tlio United States nrmy, and tho
moro recent tests of tho Prltlsh army
at Fnrnborough show that machino
guns can bo fired from flying aero
planes with ti greater degreo of accu
racy than 1ms yet been attained at
shooting along tho ground. A target
was struck at almost tho rato of nine
times out of ten, which means that
very Httlo ammunition was wasted.
The accuracy of plunging fire is nota
ble in military nnnals. At Sedan tho
encompassing cannon of tho Oermans
planted on ciovntlons compelled Louis
Napoleon's capitulation under threat
of annihilation. In tho Russian-Japan-cso
war Port Arthur was doomed when
tho Japanese poured Into the city their
galling flr from tho great heights
above., Tho fact that tho Japancso
worked long to gain those elevations
again proved the recognized value of
plungliij, fire. Tho war In Tripoli has
Ghown thnt great damago can bo done
by mere bombs dropped from directly
overhead. This being demonstrated,
tho military authorities of Europe are
now using machino guns, Theso can
bo nlmcd and llrcd moro accurately
than anything that Is dropped. Thero
if. less waste of ammunition and moro
ammunition can bo carried. Tho ex
periments combine to mako a powerful
argument for peace.
The conclusion Is reached by a Lon
don Journal from observation of tho
Increasing number of American women
who go to Europe nlono that "Ameri
can husbands are a drag on tholr wom
en folk when traveling nbroad." Why
only "when traveling nbroad?" Many
American husbands will be disposed to
hdorso tho statement without tho qual
ifying clause. Theso are tho husbands
Who find themselves generally In tho
way except whon bills nro to bo paid,
says tho Now York World. They nro
thoso who prefer tho slippered ease
of tholr homes to tho allurements of
tho cabaret show, who refuse to loam
tho turkey trot, though overybody In
their "sot" Is doing It; who play auc
tion brldgo under compulsion, and oth
erwise Impede domestic happiness.
Husbands exist as a necessary encum
branco In tho prosent social schemo,
but doubtless they will hnvo to bo
homo with until some automatic meth
od Is devised for making tho money to
pay for automobiles and clothes aud
tuition fcos, ns well aa tho rent.
Experiments havo recently boon
tarried out In Germany with tho ob.
ect of discovering methodB and
means for rendering walls and colli
Ings capablo of cffectlvo rcslstanco to
lound transmission. Ono of tho moro
recently dovlBed methods Involves
Iho uso under tho colling, or parallel
to tho wall, as tho caso may bo, of a
network of wlro stretched tightly by
means of pulleys socurcd Into adja
cent walls and not touching at any
point tho surfaco to bo protected
against sound. Upon tho wlro net
work Is plnstored a composition
formed of strong gluo, plaster of parls
and granulated cork, bo as to mako a
Bat slab, between which and tho wall
or celling is a cushion of confined nlr.
Tho method described 1b Bald to bo
good In two rospects; first, tho ab
Benco of contact between tho protec
tive and protected aurfneos, nnd, soc-
ondjy, tho colloid naturo of tho com
position rccommonded for tho plaster.
Wonders In olectrlc development fol
low ono another with marvolous rapid
ity. Tho latest Is a wireless system
much faster Umn thoso now In uso nnd
so preclso that it can bo employed in
tho transmission of pictures. At pres
ent wireless messagos aro transmit
ted by Intermittent waves. Tho Im
provement makes possible tho control
of n continuous wavo, and, so the Eng
llsh Inventor assorts, will enablo oper
ators to send two hundred words a
minute.
The story comes from California
that a monster whalo caught Its tnll
In tho rigging of n schooner and, nat
urally, it rocked tho boat. Put this
sort of finny fun Is no Improvement
on tho orlglunl mothod.
New York may try a dovlco for stim
ulating tho wits of dofectlvo children
lu tho schools by electricity. Of
course, plenty of conservatives will
rlso at protest against this movo an
shocking.
Among tho exciting oventB of the
metropolis was tho ono recorded In
the current news of ancient car horses
running away. It desorvos record, for
Buch an occurrence Is, indeed, of tho
most startling naturo In thoso motor
days.
Tho Russian Empire is tho second
In tho world In area and tho third tn
population, but only Httlo Finland
kept It out of the Paraguay class In
the Olympic games,
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Georgia Copper in New York Has Cash in Socks
've cor
ho'n AT
AM IM
A (5AWCIA
cop
v-"'
NEW YORK. Ho turned out to bo
a policeman from AwgtiBtah,
Gnwgla, but ho also closely resem
bled a walking safety deposit box.
Ho was a money-lined cop all right.
IIo camo hero several days ago and
wont to Coney Island.
A postal card found In his pockot,
which ho had forgotten to mall, read:
"1 nm having n groat time."
Another of a later date had on It:
"I am having a h 1 of a time."
Ho camo up from Coney tho other
day, and at 14th street and Proadway
ho smiled a groat deal, danced a bit
and was tolling a crowd how ho was
enjoying his stay.
Thou he met Patrolman Schwartz
of tho Mercor street station. IIo
flashed his badgo on Schwartz, slap
ped him on tho back and became so
friendly that Schwartz affably Invit
ed him to como around to the "house"
and moot Lieutenant Pauor. Tho Aw
gustah cop accepted tho Invitation
vv TV D-
M) JU'x?L
How Mayor Fitzgerald Picked Out the Right Cow
OSTON, Mnss. Mayor Fitzgerald,
Daniel J. McDonald of tho city
council, Andrew It. Kclley, tho stato
committeeman from ward 20, and a
host of others Interested In tho de
velopment of tho Suffolk School for
Poys In Ralnesford Island, visited that
place tho other day.
First, tho excellently equipped and
managed shoo shop was Inspected,
thon tho gymnasium, tho dining hall
and tho tailor shop In order. f
Tho mayor Ib ono who la not given
(o regretful moods. "To tho barn,
boys; to tho barn," ho said. "I want
to show you how ta milk."
"You don't have to Bhow mo," Bald
Committeeman ICelley.
"Nor mo," voiced Councillor McDon
ald. "Hero's a dollar that says that I can
show you both," challenged the mayor.
Tho bets were posted, and then
tracks wcro made for tho barn.
"A cow for each," said Superintend
ent Ryan, adding, "mako your choice."
Each of tho contestants picked a
cow, but as thero was but ono all
available It was promptly agreed that
each in his turn should havo ono min
ute. Committeeman Kclloy drew first
placo, but tho cow might havo been
of wood for nil tho good it did him.
Councillor McDonald, too, labored
Industriously until time was called,
Man Has Warrant Sworn Out for His Own Arrest
mdwjsn
kill II IC " .."
PER 6KHUEL
WILLIAM
ST. LOUIS. MoA man fighting
with hlmsolf, going through all tho
motions of a regular rlngsldo fistic en
counter and angering his "opponent"
to Buch a whlto hot rngo that he final
ly pulls himself Into' a police station
nnd requests tho sergeant to nrrest
hlmoelf, Is tho unlquo form of out
door sport by which an absent-minded
citizen of St. Louis entertained
hlmsolf tho othor night.
Samuel Williams of East St. Louis
Is tho man and Is declared by tho po
lice to bo insane. Ou this particular
night Williams was attacked aud
beaten by a thug. Ho arrived at Jus
tlco Hell's olllco tho next morning
much tho worso for wear and nsked
that a warrant bo Issued for tho ar
rest of a certain person.
"Whom do you want to arrest?"
WWW
Naval Recruits' $20
rUlICAGO. Eighty recruits from tho
U naval training station at Lako
Pluff nearly cauBod a financial panic
at Illghwood and Highland Park tho
other day.
Tho recruits, each bearing a $20
bill received from tho naval station,
boarded n Chicago and Milwaukee
car in tho morning. They wero nil
bound for Chicago, from which city
thoy woro to lonvo for their homes
on the Bevon-day furlough. John Hall
of Illghwood, tho conductor, held out
a hand Invitingly to tho first recruit
In tho enr for 35 cents, tho faro to
Evanston.
Tho recruit pulled up ono trousor
log, unbuttoned tho (lap of a socret
pockot and presented tho conductor
with a $20 bill,
"Is thnt tho smallest you havo?"
asked tho conductor.
"That's tho Bmnllost, tho largest and
all," Bald tho recruit, "and every one
of theso eighty mon has ono Just
like it."
Hall tolophonod to tho paymaster of
tho company, who boarded tho train
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with enthusiasm. There ho gave hlo,
namo as Thomas J. Foster.
Pnuer said: "I think you had hotter,
spend tho night here."
"That's real hospitable of you," said:
tho southerner. "I think l'I Just do
that."
"Perhaps you'd hotter lot us takq
caro of your money," suggested Pauer;
giving Schwartz the signal to search,
him.
"I've got a lot of money, oven If I
am only an Awgustah cop," ho said.
Put Schwartz, searching his pockots,
could only bring forth a $5 bill. It
had been thrust far down In tho up?
por outside pockot of his coat.
"Is that all your money?" asked
Pauer.
"I got more'n 'at," declared Foster,
Sure enough, Schwartz found a $20,
yellowback pinned to one of hiB(
socks.
'Moro'n 'at," declared Foster.
There was another $20 yellowback
In n little pockotbook pinned to tho
other sock. In the too of his right
shoe was also found a first-class re
turn ticket to Awgustah.
Then he was taken to a cell, charg
ed with Intoxication. He expressed
himself as qulto satisfied and sank,
swiftly to sleep.
but, beyond a Httlo moisture on hlB
fingers, had no better luck than tho
committeeman.
"Just watch the real farmer," said
tho mayor laughingly, taking the pall
and cautiously approaching tho cow
with a "soo boss, soo boss."
"Nothing like getting the confidence
of tho cow first, if for nothing moro
than safety," ho explained. Ho
dropped to tho low stool, placed tho
pall tightly between hi3 knees and as
his voice swelled with strains of "I
Want to De In Dixie," tho milk began
to dash against tho bottom of tho pall
with a nolso Ilka steam escaping from'
an exhaust plpo.
Tho mayor, of course, was declared
tho winner and as tho superintendent1
was about to pass tho money over to
him, ho remarked:
"It's a shame to take tholr money.
You couldn't lose."
"No," repeated the superintendent,
very gravely, "you couldn't lose, be
cause tho other two cows are dry
yes, have been so for nearly a month."
Tho bets were declared off.
asked tho Justice, looking Williams
over with a scrutinizing eye.
"I want to Jail Samuel Williams,'
tlmt'B who," shouted Williams, !
"What's tho qhargo?"
"I don't know what to charge him
with, but I know what ho did to moJ
Ho attneked me on tho street ns I was
going homo and beat me to a pulp Just
uccauso wnon no went tnrougn myj
pocket,8 thoro was no money to bo
found."
Williams shufllcd out of tho police
court and wandoVed back to his home.
A halt hour later ho was surprised to
see two husky bluecoats drive up In
a patrol wagon nnd stop at his door.
"You're under arrost," growled tho
first cop, Bolzlng Williams roughly.
"Como along to tho station."
Williams did as directed and was,
haled beforo tho Justice who signed
JKs own warrant.
Then Williams recalled that ho was
Samuel Williams and by a mistnko
had charged hlmsolf with disturbing
tho peaco. Ho was released when hoi
assured tho police that any chargo
that that ho had fought with himself
was greatly exaggerated and moro or
loss untrue.
Bilte Cause Money Panic
at Illghwood with a hand grip full of
bills aud started to change tho big
bills Into smaller ones. Pofore ho
waB half way through tho car his bup-
ply of bills had boon exhausted.
When, tho car reached Highland
Park tho 'paymaster hurried to tho
bank and throw n bundlo of twontles
to tho teller, saying ha wanted n lot
of ones, twos and fives. '
Tho toiler reached Into tho drawer
and boforo nil tho twontles had been
clvanged tho second time tho small
bills of tho bank woro almost gono.
Tho eighty recruits had completed
tholr courso nt tho naval station nnd
hal boon granted a Bovon dayB' fur
lough before reporting for duty
aboard their rcapectivo ships.
SUCCESS ON DRY LAND FARM
Most Important Factor Is Supplemen
tary Irrigation PractlceH-lm-Ited
to Water Supply.
By W II. r.KVCK, IrrlRntlon Investiga
tion, Unlti'd States Department of Agri
culture.) Thoro nre many things that mako
for success on a dry land fnrm nnd
homo. Tho most Important of theso
Is supplementary Irrigation. ' This
dots not conflict In nny way with tho
Jry land work, but rather assists by
utilizing ono of the resources which
naturo has provided. However, the
extent to which tho practice may bo
applied Is limited to the water supply
available.
Cno of tho first nnd most Important
things for the dry land farmer to as
certain Is whether a water supply can
bo developed from tho underground
water, or stored during tho torrential
rain storms.
Where a water supply cannot be de
veloped, tho homesteader soon be
comes discouraged and he abandons
his claim.
The proper location for tho well can
often be decided upon by studying the
wells In the Immediate neighborhood.
Where the distance Is too great for
this method, test holes ina'y bo put
down with a two or three-Inch auger
nnd light derrick, made of 2xi-lnch
timbers.
Tho points desirable to know are:
(1) Depth to water level; (2) material
encountered In sinking test well; (3)
amount the water lowers In the well
during pumping; and (4) kind of well
most desirable, whether drilled, bored
or dug.
With this Information, some Idea of
the amount of water which can be ex
pected In the locality can bo formed,
thus deciding to what extent Irriga
tion can be practiced.
After water has been located, tho
method for making the well must be
decided. Where competent well drill
ers can be obtained, the drilled well Is
tho m'ost satisfactory, especially If It
Is necessary to go to any great depth.
The most Important thing to ascer
tain In a drilled well, as in other meth
ods, Is the size of perforations in the
strainer tho water bearing gravel will
permit.
This can bo determined In tho test
hole or the neighboring wells.
The openings of tho strainer should
bo equal to 10 or 12 times tho cross
sectional area of tho casing or suffi
cient, if possible, to allow the water to
pass through Into the well as readily
as through tho water-bearing gravel
or stratum. Long slots, punched In
tho casing from the Inside, with tho
burr on the outside, aro tho best In
coarso materials, but quicksands or
very fine materials often necessitate
Bpeclal wire strainers.
In some localities it is also neces
sary to ascertain which water bearing
stratum to use on account of the min
erals they may contain, and the objec
tionable water can bo cased off.
Tho style and size of pump will bo
determined by tho depth to water and
quantity that can bo developed.
DISTRIBUTION OF THE WATER
Important Part of Supplementary Irri
gation as Seepage and Evapora
tion Must Be Reduced.
The distribution of tho water Is an
Important part of supplementary Irri
gation, as seepage and evaporation
loss must bo reduced to a minimum.
The canvas hose, made by stitching
together the edges of a strip of can
vas, wide enough to pass around the
outlet plpo to reservoir, Is the most
practical and economical method of
distributing a limited water supply.
Tho slip Joint pipe Is also 'a good
method but the first cost Is the chief
objection to It.
Tho method of Irrigation most com
monly and profitably used Is the fur
row method. Tho plants should bo
set and seed planted along tho edge
ofjthe furrow.
The flooding or sprinkling method
requires moro cultivation to keep the
crust from forming on the soil and is
wasteful of water.
-WfHSMF.ttAI.
Mkwmm:.
Tho averago weight of gooso eggs
Is about bYi ounces each.
It takes Just a Httlo bad cream to
spoil tho wholo batch for butter.
Anoint a caked udder with soft soap
nnd rub gently but thoroughly, F. H.
Grlpman.
Summer or winter, a good dairy
thermometer pays Its way wherever
dairy cows aro kept
Tho Suffolk Punch Is a type of draft
animal that' Is bound to gain In popu
larity for n truly farm animal.
A good heifer calf or yearling Is
pretty safe buying nt nny rensonablo
prlco whenever tho chanco offers.
When tho Inmba nro weaned put a
few gentle ewes with them to keep
them from worrying and becoming
wild.
Ducks nro practically Immuno from
cholera, roup and gapes. Their favor
Ito diseases aro spinal meningitis and
paralysis.
Tho pure-bred slro and a dam of
tho snmo typo of as good blood as It
Is possible to got will usually bring
a desirable colt.
Wash and dry tho cow's uddor bo
fore milking nnd keep 95 per cent, of
the dirt out of tho milk thnt usually
gets In otherwise
If ono plnres his ear closo to tho
body of a fowl while on tho roost at
night, when all Is quiet, ho enn plainly
hear tho grinding of tho food in the
gizzard.
PARASITIC FUNGI CAUSE OF
MUCH HARM IN WET SEASONS
Leaf-Spot Symptoms are Everywhere Abundant and Are Really
of Very Diverse Origin-r-Bordeaux Mixture is Effective
Remedy for Disease
(By A. D. SKI.BY.)
Tho term "djsealuc" ns applied to
plants means any change In that plant
toward reduced vigor from the ordi
nary or averago behavior. When a
plant shows any deviation from the
regular behavior of that plant in re
spect to appearance, growth, color of
bark, folluges, frultfulness, time of
dropping leaves or length of life, In
chort, when tho plant falls to conform
to those averages which havo been
established by extended observation
for the species and variety In ques
tion, the plant Is said to be "diseased."
Tho moro usual symptoms of dis
ease are marked by evident differ
ences In the plant. Tho leaves be
come spotted, curled or discolored, or
may even drop unevenly or bo marked
.by decayed spots, or tho branches
may blight, wilt or die In nil such
cases wo have a manifest loss of vigor
and profit.
While most of these troubles or dis
eases nre caused by parasitic Insects
or parasitic fu'ngl, somo nre caused by
a variety of other agencies.
Tho manner of disease attack is ex
tremely varied and tho conditions set
up ns a result of disease aro accord
ingly of many different kinds. Wo
lenrn to recognize disease by tho
symptoms shown in tho plant; theso
symptoms will at times be readily in
terpreted and on other occasions they
will prove misleading. Nothing is
plainer than tho necessity for continu
ous observation of growing plants If
ione Is to be In a position to Interpret
tho symptoms of disease.
, MVhen the leaves of a plant are at
tacked theso Bhow the direct effects;
the symptoms of parasitic leaf dis
eases aro usually localized Injury ro:
suiting in spotting and often In brown
ing of the leaf parts.
Leaf-spot symptoms are everywhere
abundant and are really of very dl
Iverse origin. In any example In which
the leaf tissues are locally invaded by
a "parasitic fungus wo may expect evi
dent effects. In tho downy mildew
troubles thero may bo wet-rot symp
toms when tho weather Is moist, as in
the caso of late blight attacking po
tato or tomato leaves; after the leaves
have becomo badly diseased they may
appear to die very suddenly because
fe
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M
i
Tomato Leaf and Stem Attacked by
Leaf Spot. This causes dying of
the leaves In showery seasons.
tho gradual Invasion of tho area has
been overlooked. In many other leaf
diseases no such rapid multiplication
or reproduction of tho parasite Is pos
sible and limited dead patches or
spots are the result. Tho leaf-spot dls
case of' alfalfa, tho various leaf-spots
of apple and tho conspicuous leaf-spot
of tho strawberry, the beet, tho pea,
etc., will bo recalled. In these, while
the leaves aro impaired as to useful
ness, thoy do not perish Immediately
and ono may readily fall to estimate
the Injury at Its seriousness. In a fow
leaf troubles wo have tho spotting of
tho leaf followed by the formation of
a separation layer In tho leaf tissues
between tho parasitized and healthy
PRACTICAL STORAGE
(By A. Vf. OILMAN.)
In sections of tho country fwhero
potato growing is carried on exten
sively, most of tho farmers hnvo po
tato houses or cellars constructed for
Etarlng their stock and holding the
unsold portion of tho crop through
even tho coldest weather until they
can market It.
In somo localities tho crop Is stored
In pits In tho field until It can be
marketed, but has jo be shipped or
taken to some permanent storage bo
foro winter Bots In. Theso pits are
made by merely digging oft tho sur
face soil to the depth of a foot or a
Httlo more, then piling in tho potatoes
,A - Ik . a, ..&
yStKWi- Y ii ini Trjl.T'JV Berafiih
m- llllili F
tissues. This results In "shot holes
In the leaves as Is so very consplcu
ous In the shot-hole leaf disease of tin
plum nnd less conspicuously so on con
tain sour cherry trees. Theso leal
troubles are commonly very evident
during rainy seasons nnd are prevent
able by spraying tho foliage of th
diseased plants at repeated Intervals,
thus keeping a supply of the fungicide
on the leaves to arrest renewed spoN
development.
A leaf-spot disease of the tomato is
sometimes very damaging. Like most
loaf-spot troubles which are strictly
duo to parasitic fungi, this tomato dls!
ease has been worst In seasons ol
abundant rainfall. Tho same applies
to the ahot-holo disease of the plum1
and the allied leaf-spot of the cherry,
Tho explanation appears to Ho In mora
favorable conditions for spore germ
ination and for. the growth or spread
of the parasitic organisms wheh pro
duce tho diseased conditions. Pitlng
Leaf of Currant Attacked by Leaf-Spot
or sucking Insects also open the waj
for the entrance of parasitic diseases
Leaf-spot of tomatoes Is an outdoot
trouble. It may be successfully pro
vented by about three thorough spray
Ings with Pordeaux mixture.
Currant leaf-spot causes Immature
dropping of the foliage; In some cases
the leaves drop even beforo the frul'
has ripened.
Pordeaux mixture Is effective
against this disease, though late appll
cations may render it necessary to
wash tho fruit. For this reason spray
Ing should bo done very early.
The progress made In plant disease
prevention throughout the world dur
ing the period of about 20 years which
has elapsed since the discovery of
Pordeaux mixture in France shows
how well adapted that discovery was
to the needs of the times.
Tho progress made in reebnt years
In tho study and control of plant dis
eases has been made possible by tho
agencies recently developed In tha
United States In the agricultural col.
leges, tho agricultural experiment sta
tions and the United States depart
ment of agriculture. It is not oxpecti
ed that this advance In our knowledge
of tho diseases of plants or of the
methods of disease control will soon
wane.
i Export of Eggs.
Last year this country exported 13,i
250,000 dozen eggs, valued at $2,700,
000. Most of theso went to Cuba,
Canada, Panama and Mexico. It is
evident that eggs are becoming a
high-priced article of food tho world
over, for notwithstanding their high
cost in this country, their export is
steadily increasing. Not many years
ago tho United States was a heavy im
porter of eggs and from tho countries
to which it now exports them.
Multiplication of Weeds.
In estimating tho multiplication o
weeds, It Is stated that a single pepper
plant will produco 18,000 seeds; dan
delions, 12,000; plantain, 47,000, and
burdock, 43,000.
Apples In British Columbia.
Apples have been growing success
fully at an altltudo of 4,500 feet in
Dritloh Columbia.
HOUSE FOR POTATOES
to perhaps three feet abovo tho sun
faco of tho ground. After that they
aro covered with a layer of straw, and
then with tho loose soil that was dug
off at first.
The common typo of store house on
tho farm Ib a cellar walled up with,
concrete or stonework, about eight or,
nine feet deep, with a low wooden
roof abovo it, giving considerable
space for tho storage of tools, barrels,
etc., on tho floor abovo the cellar por
tion. Theso cellars aro usually built
ou the sldo of a hill, so that tho pota
toes are unloaded down thrungh tho
floor in tho fall and taken out at
lower doorway during tho winter.
V
&
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