c
n
Jr&meF
QUEER ILLUSION IN LETTERS
Optical Principle That Eyo Exagger-
ates Upper Part of Object
Good Example Given.
Most people when they go to mako
letters or figures cannot mako them
bo they look right. Try tho best thoy
can, there . Is still something wrong
' with the proportions. This Is often
due to the fact that our eyes do not
see things exactly tho way they are,
but aro all the time fooling us.
For example It Is an optical prin
ciple that the eye exaggerates tho
upper part of an object and under
estimates the lower part. If you mako
a letter IJ for Instance and make the
upper bow the same size as tho lower,
tho letter will never look right, for
tho upper part will look too big and
the letter will bo topheavy. For this
reason It la necessary In designating
letters to allow for tho error the eye
S8
88
Optical Illusion.
makes and make the upper parts
smaller than we want them to look
v when finished.
That this Is the case you can easily
prove by looking at the letter S and
figure S here given. The ones on tho
left, being right-side up, look well
formed, while those on the right, be
ing wrong-side up, look topheavy. And
yet the funny part about It Is that
If you will turn the paper upside down
you will find that It Is the ilrst pair
that look wrong and tho second one
that looks right.
In fact If you keep your eyes on
either one of the S's or 8's whllo
turning the paper upside down, the
very shape of tho letter or figure will
appear actually to" change. When you
have to design anything remember
this principle. Designs, remember,
must satisfy the eye even though
their proportions re not mathemat
ically regular.
CHILDREN FOND OF BANANAS
Little Cubans Seem to Never Tire of
This -Fruit Cooked In Many
Different Ways.
Every day of their lives the bright
eyed little Cuban children eat ba
nanas They are so fond of this fruit
that they never grow tired of It.
Their mothers mako a flour by grind
ing strips of dried bananas and from
thlB flour make banana biscuits. The
children also aro fond of baked green
bananas and they eat with relish a
dish made of cooked banana sprouts.
Practically every part of tho ba
nana tree and fruit Is valuable. The
long leaves from the top of the trees
are used for making a dark dyo, tho
tough fibers of the leaves aro made
Into grass cloth and the tree trunks
are used for building houses. Banana
trees do not live long, however. They
die down every year after bearing
fruit, but before departing they send
up new shoots, which grow Into trees
In a few months. Some great clus
ters of bananas appear on them and
before tho trees are a year old heay
bunches of tho fruit are cut from them
and shipped to the United States and
other countries.
GLOVE IS MADE REVERSIBLE
Excellent Idea for Making Baseball
Mlt Is Shown In Illustration Fits
Either Hand.
An Idea that would seem to be par
ticularly adaptable for baseball gloves
Is shown In 'the Illustration. It Is a
everslble glove; that Is, a glovo which
can bo worn on either the right or the
left hand. This is made posBlblo by
Reversible Glove.
tho provision of two thumbs, each of
which has an outside pockot Into
which It can bo tucked when not In
use. The glovo Is shown In the draw
ing as used for the loft hand.
Damp Salt Before Rain.
Very few persons know that when
the salt gets damp it is cither be
cause It Is too .near tho sea or be
cause It Is going to rain. It Is very
hard to keep the salt cellar dry at
the seashore as there Is so much
.moisture In the air all the time; but
in other places It Is usually a sign
of rain when tho salt gets damp.
Things that help theniselvou to tho
water In the air are called "deliques
cent," and salt Is ono of them. When
water Is In the air in tho form of
gas It sometimes becomes too plenti
ful for tho ulr to hold, and then wo
got what Is called "precipitation" or
rain. But long before water vapor
In tho air Is heavy enough to fall In
ralu there Is enough of It to spare
to make tail damp.
I I f ( -y'VCvC- -
WHERE CHILDrtfcN MUST OBEY
Courteny to the Elders Makes the Ger
man Home" Ideal Youth Is
Taught to Behave.
From "Homo Life In ClPrinany," by Mrs.
Alfred Slclgwlck.
As a rule Gorman children of all
classes aro treated as chlldron and
taught tho olomentary virtue of obedi
ence. Das Recht des Klndes Is a new
cry with somo of the people but nev
ertheless Germany Is ono of the few
remaining civilized countries where
the elders will have rights and privi
leges. I heard of an English woman
tho othor day who said that she had'
never eaten tho wng of a chicken,
because when sho was young It wnsi
always given to tho older people, and;
now that sho was old It was Bavcd for
tho children. If sho lived In Germany
she would still have a chance, pro
vided sho kept away from a small
loud set, who In all matters of educa
tion and morality would like to turn
tho world upside down.
In most German homes tho noisy,
spoiled American child would not bo
endured for a moment, and the little
tyrant of a French family would bo
taught Its place to the comfort nnd ad
vantage of all concerned. I have dined
with a largo family where eight young
ones of various ages sat at an over
flow table and did not disturb their
elders by a sound. It wa3 not because
the elders were harsh or the' young
folks repressed,, but because Germany
teaches Its youth to behave.
Tho little glila still drop you n pret
ty old-fnshlonod courtesy when thoy
greet you. The little boys. If you aro
staying In the house with them, come
and shako hands ut unexpected times
when thoy arrlvo from school, for
instance. and before they go out for
a walk. They play tl.c same games
as English children, and I need hard
ly say that thoy are brought up on the
same fairy stories, because many of,
our favorites come from Germany.
QUEER REVERSAL OF FORMS
Wealthy Young Pole Turns Life Up
side Down Always Summons Ser
vants by Bugle Call.
Vienna can boast a curious eccentric
who turns life upside down,, a rich
young Pole, who lives in sumptuous
Summoning Servants.
style, but always summons his ser
vants by bugle call. His favorite pas-i
time Is driving an omnibus. When eiu
gaged ho Is attired like an ordinary
busman, and, though he is said to
spend a fortune each year In clothes,
ho wears no garment until It has been
worn by his valet says tho New York
Tribune. Ho has astonished guests nt
a ball by appearing in a costume of
pure white, save for the shirt nnd tie,
which were black. To complete his
oddities, when dining, which ho Invari
ably does alone at a table d'hote, ho
reverses the usual order, beginning his
meal with tho sweets and ending with
the soup.
RIDDLES.
When Is a tooth like a keg? When
plugged.
What trees has Are no effect upon 7
Ashes, as, when burned, they're aBhes
still.
What is tho difference between an
old penny and a now dime? Nlnq
cents.
If all tho women went to China
whore would nil tho men go? Tc
Pekln (peek In).
If you court a young woman, and
you aro won, nnd she is ono, whaj
will you become? One, of course.
What Is the difference between a,
roothor with n large family and a
barber? Ono shaves with his razors'
and the other raises her shavers.
The Mammoth Sneeze.
Hero is a game that furnishes lots
of fun for a company of Jolly girls
nnd boys. DIvIdo tho company Into
three divisions of five or six people
each. Tho persons In tho first divi
sion arc to say, when the signal Is
given. "Hlsh," emphasizing tho first
"h." Tho FPcond division must say
"Ash;" while the third division should
hbv "Osh." The leader countB "Ono,
two, three." and at tho last word the
three divisions shout their syllables
with all the force they can muster.
Tho result is very funny. Just try It.
Hard on Mother,
"I wish I wero an orphan." sail lit
tle live-ycar-old Hcssle to her mother,
who passed much of her time visiting
charltablo Institutions.
"Why, donr?" queried the mother.
" 'Causo I'd seo you oftener," ro
piled Uesslo. "for you nre all tho time
going to orphan nsylums."
What Frightened Joe.
Little Joe Mamma, I was awfully
afraid when you shut mo In the dark
closet.
Mamma Why, Joe, what wero you
afraid of?
Little Joe I waB afraid I couldn't
find tho cake.
NOTE!
rarv
fWewraooK
ki 1 1 : . &v.. & v. . , Y
tt imam rui r
Keep tho nests clean.
Keep on swatting tho flies.
Mulca aro becoming popular.
If possible grow tho plga. on pas
ture. FII03 nnd hot weather cut down
dairy profits. '
Alfalfa pusturo and hogs Ib a grcnt
combination.
llnpo Is ono of tho host crops for
temporary hog pusturc.
It Is as easy to teach a colt good
manners as faulty ones.
Tho quack grass problem Is largely
a matter of poor drainage.
The separator should never be al
lowed In the barn or near It.
Never ralso colts from a vicious
mare. Like often produces like.
Tho horees should be given at least
ono feed of mixed hay once a day.
Many stallions arc used too much
to produco a largo per cent, of colts.
Trees should not he planted on a
high slope, for the soil is likely to be
too thin.
Never nttempt to keep summer
butter for early fall prices because It
will not keep.
Tho horses cannot rest while fight
ing flies. Better shade or screen tho
barn windows.
It Is a mistake to keep young tur
key hens every year, particularly
those hatched late.
Do away with bllndcrB on the horse.
Their use Is a cruel practice and
causo many eyo defects.
See that your brood sows get plenty
of exercise, so that they may produco
large, healthy litters.
The hens simply cannot, and will
not 1)11 tho egg basket and feed Hco
and mites on their bodies.
Don't expect an old horse that has
worked all hlB lifetlmo to do as much
as he did when he was young.
A man should bo kept in the silo,
spreading and packing tho corn as
fast as It comes from the cuttor.
In training mules for uso on tho
farm It is best to begin by using them
for light work during tho third year.
Corn silage Is Just as valuable for
carrying over stackers and feeders as
It Is for fattening and finishing the
beeves.
Sell your wool on a rising market.
Nine times out of ten you will miss it
if you try to keep It for something
better.
Demand for good, productive farm
property is steadily Increasing. Somo
very high prices aro paid for well
Improved farms.
Sheep will llvo and thrive on much
feed that Is of little value for other
Btock, but that does not Imply that
thoy can do without.
Frequently put a llttlo cayenne pep
per In the dry mash. It will serve to
keep them In condition. A llttlo salt
Bhould also bo given.
The sooner manuro Is spread In the
field tho smaller tho loss of fertility
Incurred nnd tho smaller tho amount
of labor required to handle It.
Tho common disk harrow in more
generally used than any othor Imple
ment to cultlvato alfalfa, nnd wh.-n
properly adjusted does good work.
Cowpeas have a value In crop ro
tation becauso they servo tho double
purpose of producing a crop of feed
and fertilizing tho soil at tho samo
time.
Don't slam the threo-days-old calf
around becauso ho doosn't drink
readily. To get a kick In tho ribs for
something he can't understand la a
bit tough on him.
Tho groat majority of diseases are
due to bad management and liouMng,
Including cold, damp and 111-vcntl-lated
houses; rich feeding,' Impuro
water and lack of oxorclBo.
Tho beginner who has a nice nock
Dt pulIetB to winter over will find It
more profitable to avoid forcing for
high-pricod winter eggs If such birds
are to bo used' as breeders next
iprlnir
iftiJK.r7 C . V
- asr5aJHKua
Exerclso tho stallion.
Do not neglect tho heifers.
A pony for tho boy is handy.
Ixjok out now for tho maro and,
colt
Now is tho ttmo to begin dipping,
the poultry.
Soparato out tho young roosters,
Eat tho old lions.
Water, tho necosslty of life, Is too
oPcn denied llvo stock.
A night pnsturo should always bo
arranged near tho barn.
In handling colts there Is more prof-
It in coaxing than In kicking. '
Keep tho manger sweet. Scalding;
water will correct this trouble.
Cholco heifers mako choice milkers
save tho choicest for tho dairy.
Ho sure tho marcs and colts In pas
ture have shelter from tho hot buiv.
Keep the sweet potato vines clipped
back to not over two feet in length.
Tho hotter the water tho better Job
It docs in cleansing tho milk uten
sils Tho old-fnshloned straw shed Is a
cheap and satisfactory shelter for the.
stock
Tho American farmer has nearly.
$40,000,000,000 Invested In his bush
nesa.
Lime doeB not tako tho place of fer
tilizer, but makes it more effec
tive. A llttlo sand on tho floors of thq
hen house will do away with dnmp
ncss.
Turn tho horses out to pasturq
theso hot nights; It will help to cool
their blood.
A bit of grain In tho mnngcr at
milking time can call tho cows farther
than you can.
IX not neglect to give tho calves
each day somo fresh locks of clover
or alfalfa hay. !
Success doeB not Ho In tho numbor
of cows a man keeps, but rather In
the kind he keepsj
Notice how closoly the flies stick to
tho cows cool mornings. They need;
a little lly-repcllant.
To allow tho ewe and lnmb to nm
together without thought of weaning
Is a poor sort of policy.
, ' i
Fnrmors must realize that it re
quires feed to grow sheep, just as It
does to grow cattle or hogs.
Tho man who Is trying to keep hogs,
without pasturo and forago crops la
fifty years behind tho times.
"Without ice it is hard to got the'
cream at too low a tomperaturo to
churn quickly this tlmo of year.
Sheep aro comfort lovers, nnd the
man who neglects to provide them
with good, dry shelter mnkes a costly
error.
Farmers nil ovor tho country' muBt
rely upon mnnuro und leguminous
crops to maintain tho fertility of thefr
soils.
Good sheep require good care td
maintain their excellence. Poor sheep
aro always a burden on tho rest ot
tho flock.
Extremes and sudden changes In
feeding, watering or salting will
causo acuto Indigestion in sheep that
is usually fatal.
Tho stallloM needs plenty of exer
else. Many' owners put him In tho
harness and mako him useful nnd ho
Is better off for work.
Somo plgeoiiB will breed all winter,
no matter bow cold, but In extromoly,
cold snaps mnny oggB and youngsters;
become fatally chilled.
Keep on good terms with the tur
koys, so thoy will bo easily penned
when wanted for fattening beforo plac
ing them on the mnrekt this tall.
Fence the hay and straw stacks so
that tho cattle cannot get at them.
If permitted to eat around tho bottom
they will waste more than they eat.
Thero 1b nothing like milk for the
chickens, either old or young. It,
will mnko them grow faster and keep
them in good flesh better than any-i
thing else.
In killing and pressing poultry,
handlo gently to avoid bruising. Dis
coloration quickly folIowB a bruise,
and diminishes the market valuo of
tho property.
It requires threo mouths or more to
grow a broiler, much depending upon
tho weight desired, tho stock nnd tho
care. Hroilcrs shrink about half a
pound each when dressed.
It doos not pay to doctor a fowl
that 1b hopelessly HI or suffering from
a contagious disease. Tho lattor are
novor pormnnontly cured, and will
trnnsmlt their weakness to their offspring.
GOOD VEAL DEMANDS MORE ATTENTION
Ten-Months Old Calf
Tho high price of mutton during tho
past few years has encouragod, par
ticularly dairymen, to pay more atten
tion to making good veal, but thero Is
a woeful lack ot this kind of meat now
on tho market.
Most dairymen will not tnko tho
trouble to fatten calves, but send them
to market Just as soon as they are
past the age limit, and tho result Is
entirely unshtlsfnctory, both to tho
seller and tho customer.
Well fattod calves, weighing from
120 to K0 pounds, always bring high
prices, no matter what tho condition
of tho cattlo markot may bo. City pco
plo eat a great deal of veal and would
consumo much more If they could got
what they want, but tho Bluff Been on
tho market Is for tho" moat part
stringy, unfinished nnd not nt all sat
isfactory. Many calvos aro sold when a wcok
old, at 3 to 4 cents per pound, when
If fed until they weighed 25 pounds,
would bring double tho money, but
dairymen havo not yet learned how to
feed calves, In order to mako good
veal.
Tho European farinors mako good
money out of tho right calvos. Tho
youngster la carefully fed from tho
dny ho Is born, being confined In dark
stalls. Ho is fed liberally on oatmeal,
CHEAPEST HAY FOR
FORAGE IN WINTER
Second Crop Clover Is First Class
Feed for Cows and
Sheep.
Second crop clover Ib a flrBt-clasa
winter forngo for cows and sheep.
Clover, when cured without being dam
nged by rain, Is tho cheapest and best
hay for cows In milk and ewes with
young lambs. Owing to tho shortness
of the hay crop throughout tho country
tho young clovor and foxtail and rng
weeds growing in tho wheat stubbles
should bo cut and cured beforo tho fall
rains sot In. Second crop clovor Is
worth too much as feed to plow under
for mnnuio. Save tho crop for feed
and plow under tho stubblo this fall
and lime for coin In tho spring. As
food for poultry, when hulk Ib needed,
poultry men say that no other clover,
except It mny he alfalfa, Is equal to
second-crop red clover, cut and cured
fi-eo from rain nnd steeped In boiling
wntor during tho night for feeding tho
next day. Uso tho water In which tho
clovor was steeped In for mixing with
bran and corn chop, which, with tho
clovor, makes ono of tho best winter
foods for laying hens during tho win
ter months.
In tho gruln-growlng dlBtrlcts tho
second crop is usually cut for seed.
If tho first crop Is cut early and tho
stubMo dressed with 200 poundB of
plaster to tho aero a good crop of seed
may bo grown If tho Beason Is favor
able. Dees aro a great help In dis
tributing tho ,clovor pollon. After tho
seed Is harvested tho stubble Is plowed
for corn.
NEED OF MOISTENING
CORN WHILE IN SILO
Excellent Time is When Crop is
Too Ripe or Severely
Frozen
Ordinarily corn cut nt tho propor
lime doos not need any water added
to mako good Bllago. Thoro aro
times, howovor, whou It Is necesnsry
to add wator to the corn In filling tho
silo. Tho com In tho silo at the
tlmo of filling should fool moist, If
not moist, wutor should bo addod.
Under any of tho following condi
tions wator Hjtould bo added to tho
corn when filling tho silo: First,
when tho corn la too ripe, and tho
Inavos and part of tbo stalks aro dried
out to such an extent that thoy will
not pnek well. Second, whon tho
corn Is soveroly frozen, before It haB
reached tho propor degreo of matur
ity, liberating tho moisture and leav
ing tho leaves and stems dry. Third,
when rolllling tho silo late In tho fnll
with shocked corn It Ib always nee
essury to add water.
Thorn are two ways to add wator.
First, put a hoso In tho silo and thor
oughly saturate tho dry portions, or
pncially around tho walls. Second,
where tho blower cutter Is used, run
an Inch stream of water Into tho
blrwer whon It Is at work. This will
add u sufficient amount of water to
Insure good results.
Raised In Missouri.
whole milk at tho start and skim
milk later, with somo roots, nnd
when ho goos to market ho Is about
aa toothsome a morsol us enn bo found
anywhere. Englishmen aro very fond,
of this kind ot ment, and prlco cuts no
flguro with thom.
Thero 1b no reason why our dairy
men ahould not IncrcnBO their protltu
materially by feeding their calves;
and It haB always boon a sourco of
wonder to us why thoy so neglect thla,
part of their buBlnoss.
Tho fnct Is, tho Amorlcan public, to
a largo oxtont, Is so prejudiced against
veal, having read gruesome tales
about bob veal being too often mnr
kotcd. that thousands aro afraid to
buy Veal ot any kind. If a better sys
tem of feeding calvos wore adopted,
and tho business systematized, wo
would havo in a few years a lino ot
cholco meat that would sell readily at
very high prices.
Tho first thing to bo dono would bo
to amend tho lawa, to prevent tho
railroad and oxpresB companlesshlp
plng veal undor four weeks of ago.
Tho amount of lmmaturo stuff that
goes to markot ovory day 1b appalling,
and wo bollove that 75 por cent, ot It,
Is unfit for food. How It gets past
tho inspectors la something no man
can llnd out.
1 1 ARflP DAICIMQ PAVC i
i.nmu nmvjinu i n i v i
FARMER QUITE WELL
Sheep Industry on the Average
Farm is Considered Side .-
, Issue.
,A
Tho fanner who will pay close at
tentlon to his breeding btock ami
raise native lambs of uniform size
and breed, leed them intelligently and I
market, thom at tho right tlmo can'
mako more profit from his flock than,
from nny other farm Investment. Ab
a rulu the "nntlvo" lambs sont to thq
markets aro so badly mixed, both ns
tq breed and feeding, that thoy aro a
torment to tho buyer nnd of llttlo prof)
It to tho owner.
Thla Is ono of tho reasons why thq
western rango lambs find great favor
in tho big markets. Thoy tho mora
uniform in size as thoy aro fed In
largo flocks and go to market prac
tically In tho samo condition. Only a
smnll portion of tho "natlvo" lambs
that aro sold In tho eastern markets
can bo called prime, and hla fact la
entirely tho fault of tho farmer.
As a rule, sheep-raising on tho av
orago farm la merely a sldo issue anij
llttlo attention Is given to it. Thq
remedy of tho present condition of the
nntlvo lamb market Hob entirely with,
the men who produco the InmbB.
Whenever the farmers aro engaged,
in tho producing of prlmo lambs for
markot at any season of tho year, tho
business has proven highly profitable
Of course tho best markets aro just
before Christmas nnd in tho early
spring; at this period tho prices are
always high.
America Is becoming a groat mut-ton-entlng
nation, and If tho farmers
will Improve their flocks and their
methods of feeding thoro Is no reason
why tho nntlvo lamb markot should
not prove more profitable than that
controlled by tho rango district.
HOGGING CORN CROP
INSTEAD OF HUSKING
Some Farmers Find This Prac
tice of Much Advantage at
Times
In these days of expensive labor,
farmers sometimes find it to their ad
vantage to hog off some of their cort
Instead ot husking It. Tho amount that
should bo bogged off should bo decided
upon boforohnnd, nnd should of course
bo proportionate to tho number o
hogs which aro expected to coustinu
It. There Bhould ho access to water,
and the results will be all tho better ii
the hogs, at the samo tiin, can have
access to a clover, bluo grass or alfal
fa Hold.
Corn should not be hogged off un
til It Is pretty well matured; that Is.
until tho grains nre well dented. Hog
glng It off beforo thnt time means n
wasto of feeding valuo, for corn grows
until tho leaves nro killed by frost or
dlo nnturally. Thero aro many cnso.1
In which It la quite an well nnd much
cheaper to hog tho corn off than tu
husk It and feed It to fiio hogs, and
tho practice Is growing moro popular
overy year.
1
e
