ii
THE SEMUWEEKLY TRIBUNE
IRA,L. DARE, PubllBhor.
TERMS, ;i.2B IN ADVANCE.
NORTH PLATTE, NEBRA8KA
VALUE OF NEATNESS.
Tho fixed linblt of presenting al
ways a nent and cleanly nppearance
to tho world Is sure of a double reward.
Jt not only creates n favorabln Impres
sion but bpgots n sustaining self-respect.
It Is scarcely rcasonnblo of
ii man who doos not respect himself
to look for much consideration from
others. It Is not tho cost of clothing
but tho scrupulous caro of It that
counts. The man of slender means
ohould bo neither "toppy" nor "sloppy,"
but always tidy and neat In his attire,
seeing himself with tho coldly criti
cal eyo of a posslblo employer, who
Is bound to remark the significance of
a soiled shirt front, a wilted collar, and
to whom an applicant's dress may
mean much moreKthan his address or
politest deportment. Stylo In writing,
as defined by tho fastidious Chester
field, Is tho dress of thoughts; bo tho
truo stylo of the overage man tnay bo
correctly surmised from tho caro ho
takes of his poraonal appearance. Ho
needs not bo finicky but should always
bo freo of greaBo spots and dust! bo
fihould ,llko his bath, even If It has to
bo taken by means of a bucket; he
should uover neglect to brush his batr,
his shoeB, his teeth, his coat, trousers
nnd hat; If ho can't afford a pressing
Iron ho should put coat and trousers
over tho mattress and sleep upon
them; if laundry Is serious Item he
fihould wash his own hundkerchlefs,
dry thorn on tho window panes and
novor, by any chance, bo seen with a
soiled ono.
It appears to bo tho decree of fash
ion that a considerable amount of falso
hair shall bo worn by women during
tho coming season, and It Is perhaps
nvell that thoro should bo a clear un-
deratandlng of whero tho hair comes
from. It oppoars to Tie admitted that
almost any Atnorlcan woman combs
out enough hair from hor own head to
meet all requirements, but she will not
tako tho trouble to save tho comb
ings, says tho Manchester Union, An
expert in tho batr business stated In
Chicago rcconjtty that "Americans live
oo fast to save tholr combings."
Probably ho wan correct, but it is al
so probablo that tho averago American
'woman gives no thought as to whero
br supplementary supply of hair
comes from. It appears that America
Imports Its falso hair from Europe and
Asia. Tho European hair Is rated as
first class, although thoro may bo
some misgivings as to Its source In
somo cases, but 70 per cent, of It
comes from Chlnn, from tho heads of
Bavlng Chjneso women, who aro eager
to swap tholr tressos for copper coins.
It Is worth while to savo hair from
combings In China, which tho average
American woman totally Ignores until
sho pays a good price In tho market.
Tho- old palaco in St. Petersburg
which burned recently should not bo
confounded with tho Peterhofy It was
n log structure, on an Island, tho great
czar's first homo in hlsnew capital,
but hndbeon long UBod as a Greek
chapel, Europeans do not pull down
buildings as ruthlessly as Is tho prac
tice In tho United States; so this prim
Itivo historic structure, Its interior rich
with bojowoled ikons, remained, a link
between tho past nnd tho present, re
ligious services bolng hold In It sev
eral times n day, and many of these
services being largely attended. Its
destruction will romovo an Interesting
landmark of tho groat Czar Peter.
In tho American quarter of tho city
of Dorlln n musical conservatory Is
to bo erected with sound-proof walls,
so that pupils undergoing Instruction
In the art of plano-playlng shall not
drlvo tho neighbors crazy with tholr
din. Pooplo tho world over who nrq
norvously sensitive to dissonant
Bounds will hoartlly approvo the idea
and hope for its general adoption.
Much has been said and written In
prnlso of tho soothing Influenco of
music, but thoro are many Individuals
bo constituted that It is the reverse
of delightful to thorn to hear hour
utter hour BometlmcB at the time ot
night when thoy would woo Bleep tho
din of a neighbor's piano. There may
bo a soothing Influence of music, tfut
It 1b not brought out by beginners
practicing tho scales nor by convivial
parties playing ragtlmo.
Verily, tho Hfo of tho weather man
is not a happy ono. A few months
ngo the farmers were kicking about
floods and now thoy aro complaining
about the drought.
Oil on tho roads is a blessing In that
Jt lays tho dust, but It has Its draw
backs. Residents of Montclalr, N, J.,
and surrounding towns say that robins,
bluebirds, starlings and even tho hardy
sparrows are dying at an unprecedent
ed rate this summer, and tho "mortal
ity Is attributed to thirst, occasioned
by the Aversion of the birds to drink
ing water tainted by tho oil useU on
the road. Perhaps the situation can
be redeemed by a system of drinking
trough! for the feathered tribes.
Tale of Treasure Trove;
TTvriAV
rrrTP-
jVonnKK
NEW YORK. Here 1b a tale of treas
uro trovo. Not the treasure trovo
of pirates bold, but a yarn of tho
sea, Just the same.
Tho good ship Cincinnati set sail nt
one o'clock tho other afternoon, from
her pier at Hoboken.
On the second class deck at tho rail
stood a comely German woman. Sho
was Mrs. Annn Luepp of Wllkosbarrc,
Pa. On tho dock stood Rudolph, her
husband. Fifteen years ago they
enmo to this country, and by their
thrift nnd Industry amaBsed a snug in
come, and now tho wife was returning
for a visit to tho homo of her girlhood.
Tholr happy union had not'bcuii bless
ed with any branches of tho family
treo.
Longing for prattling babes at tho
hearth, they compromised on the
adoption of a green parrot. They
called thu big bird Hans, and that he
Is a bird, all right, all right, you shall
see.
Mrs. Anna couldn't think of part
ing with Hans, so It was decid
ed that sho would take Hans
across tho sea. As sho stood at
the rail, a wot handkerchief In
her right hand, sho Hwung Hans
over tho rail In a newly gilded cage.
John Yonker Is Official
CHICAGO. Hamilton park, one ot
the prettiest public playgrounds on
tho extreme south side, claims among
Hh other attractions a model police
man. His namo Is John Yonker, and
nil tho boys and girls of that section
of tho city swear by him. A police
man who Is popular among children
has a pretty good certltlcato of effi
ciency. Although nominally a patrolman,
Yonker really hus half a dozen other
jobs. ' Ho Is arbiter In chief of all
tho youngsters' disputes ot tho neigh
borhood, director general of tholr
sports and umplro and court of last
resort to tholr gnmos. Hut tho Job
which requires the most tact and
diplomacy and which has won him his
chief fame is that of official neighbor
hood chaperon.
Rules of tho park require that no
children remain there after 0 o'clock
In tho evening. It Is Yonkor's duty to
bpo that this Is enforced. The busi
ness of getting children to go homo to
bed Is a dollcato ono, but Yonker suc
ceeds at It without oxcltlng enmity.
Little girls aro prone to llngor In tho
park after hours just as much as boys.
If the night Is dark or rainy and the
little girl lives a long wny off in a
lonely neighborhood, Yonker takes
Athletic Cat Visits an
CLEVELAND, O. A Malteso cat.
with a mangy, rat-bitten tall and
n hankering for tho beautiful In art
and architecture, entcrod nnd upset
tho tranquillity of tho county's $5,000,
000 courthouse tho other day.
Tho cat mndo a hasty but complete
tour of tho building, led Custodian
Clay's guldos and subguldos a morry
chaso through mnrblo corridors and
cloBed tho performance with a "lenp
of death" act from tho mnrblo railing
which overlooks tho forum In tho cen
ter of tho building. The guides dared
not follow, .
How tho cat entered the building
Is a mystery. Guldos on tho lower
lloor and at tho entrances denied that
Pop Bottle Answers to
DETROIT, MICH. To inculcate mil
bIq Into unresponsive souls of somo
of the folks ot Cork town Is a thank
less, If not hopclcBs task, as Ixuls
Fuchs, who plays tho bass llddlo In
the German band experienced tho oth
er night.
Thoro ho was, und his four follow
artists poured forth their sweetest
utralnB nt Sixth and Abbott streets.
With dreamy eyes Fuchs had Just
finished tho intricate movements ot
MnBcagnt's Immortal Intermezzo and
had with ecstatic mien guno Into tho
depths of Ucothoveu's divine Moon
light Sonata, when nhoutB ot deri
sion uunerved his aesthetic ' ear.
Even that brllllauU little musical
gem. "Oh. You Beautiful Doll," which
ja Bald to have moved Mozart to
tears oven in his grave, struck an
unresponsive chord in that unmu
sical crowd.
And when the little follow with tho
second fiddle passed the hat, ho col
; 1 1 0 9 Tifo Eft i.
Mans Sure Was a Bird
"Goodby, papa," sho cried, nnd
waved to Herr Leu pp.
"Goodby, papa," repeated Hans, who
talks English with a slight German ac
cent. Ab they wore about to cast off the
stem line, Frau Anna got mixed In
hor gesticulations. Her right 'band
was raised to her eyes to dash tho
tears'awny. Sho forgot that sho hold
tho parrot, and disengaged hor left
hand from tho cago to help her right
hand out. With fluttering feathcra
and Indignant screams Hans went
tumbling to tho dock In his gilded
cago.
'Dormer and blltt.cn!" yelled the en.
raged bird.
Two longshoremon put a pole
through tho ring in the top of tho
cago and hoisted It to a porthole,
.lust as somebody was about to drag
tho cage through tho portholo the
cago slipped and down came tho bird
to tho longshoremen.
"You turn fools," roared Hans. "Don
ner und blitzun!"
A rope was thrown from the ship, a
knot was passed through tho ring of
tho cago and tho latter wont crash
ing against tho ship's Bldo as the
stern line was cast off.
"Donner und blltzen!" yelled the
bird again as the cage was dented In
ngalnst tho ship's side. "Pretty Hans,"
cooed Frau Leupp, stretching forth hor
hundB.
"Pretty h !" returned the plout
bird. "Donner und blltzen! Goodby,
papa! Goodby papa!"
"Goodby, Hans," shouted Rudolph
"Goodby, Mamma." r
Neighborhood Chaperon
THAT ROUCH HCH)
CaTTQH -HFAD '
KOHU.TRIto
1SK KICK
nt
sinrs m
AN' STUCK
HIS KffOB
k IH ME MMI
hor home. This often keeps hire
working over hours, but tho "model
policeman" seems to do It cheerfully
as part of tho day's work.
There are six baseball diamonds at
Hamilton park. On a Saturday after
noon teams of boys are playing all
day on theso diamonds. Yonkers pro
sides over these activities. Ho knows
the baseball rules as well as Johnny
Evers, and when n dispute arises that
proves too much for tho boys -Yonkera
settles It by tho book.
Incidentally, Y'onker Is a bureau of
Information. Ho answers a thousand
questions a day. How he stands It
without becoming a confirmed grouch
no ono knows. His good humor is
perennial. However, there aro occa
sions when Yonker has to make It
known that ho 1b "a limb of tho law."
Many a "tough" boy has felt tho
weight of Yonker's hand and learned
not only to respect It but nfterward
to Ilka Its owner.
Ohio Temple of Justice
It passed them. Chief Watchman
O'Connor found It reclining against n
hunch of grapes which form part of
tho $00,000 decorations on tho upper
floors of tho building.
Ho nppronched with caution and a
volumo of 'Ohio stato reports. The
latter ho hold behind his back. Tho
cat sconted trouble and vanished.
O'Connor spread tho alarm. Guides
responded from nil sections ot the
building. Tho chase was on.
It took in offices and courtrooms, in
terrupted trials, scattered Jurors nnd
frightened court witnesses. Then
pussy, after touring tho two upper
floors, decided to parade around the
marble railroad which overlooks tlieJ
forum. It was high and dangerous.
Tho guides called foul, but the cat
paid no heed.
O'Connor volunteered to crnwl out
and capture It. Ho traveled with
more caution than speed. Tho cat
travoled ten foot ahead of him for
n while, then leaped to the floor below
and disappeared.
"Oh, You Beautiful Doll"
lected Jeers instead of shokcls.
Truly, the lot of a wandorlng mln
strolls n thankless ono In this twen
tieth century,
Tho orchestra moved away, Booking
moro congenial audiences.
Just then somebody hurled a pop
bottle. It struck Louis Fuchs' bass
violin In Its vital part, smashing It
In tho region of tho bridge.
Thoro wna an .uproar In a minute.
Orpheus soothed and tamed the wild
beaBts with his lyro, but to calm this
crowd with evon a hand organ was
qulto Impossible. And so the street
urtlstB beat a hasty retreat.
C$fyh If
feoa mtmk
c-X Hft u( xvKPMh.
W rssa.
' fy wJBM p1- a w
IRRIGATION BY ROW METHOD
Every Farmer Experiences Some Diffi
culty In Controlling Water Sup
ply to Reach All Roots.
inj- K. H. IIOU8U. Colorado ARrlcultural
ColleKe.)
The difficulty that every farmer ex
perlencon In ordlnnry row Irrigation
Is to so control his supply that tho
water flows down each row at tho
same rate and with sufficient velocity
so that when tho wnter reaches tho
lower end of tic row, tho upper end
has had time to bo sufficiently mois
tened fcr thor water to reach the roots
of tho plants. In order to accomplish
this, every field should have a ditch
running along Its highest part, prop
erly laid out. This will ho best ac
complished by making openings
through the side of this ditch through
which the water runs into tho rows,
level; that Is to say, fixing them so
that when a dam is put In, which
brings the water over tho bank and
forces It through the openings, tho wa
ter will run through each opening with
tho same velocity and therefore have
the same head. It will, therefore, bo
a paying proposition to make theso
openings permnnont.
A box made of lumber or concrete
with openings In tho side, each sec
tion set level, with n drop at the end
of each section so that by placing the
dam at tho end of the section tho
same quantity of water Is discharged
through each opening and finds Its
way to each row and is sent down
each with the same velocity and the
same quantity of water is supplied to
each row. This quantity can bo regu
lated by Increasing or decreasing tho
head on each opening, and with this
arrangement it will be found that
labor, tirco and wnter will be saved.
Another thing, after an irrigation by
means of tho row method, many farm
ers have found It advisable and profit
able to harrow across tho rows. This
fills tho ditches and the ground that
Is saturated with loose earth, which
forms a "dust mulch" and thereby
prevents excessive evaporation from
the rows, while if this Is' not done the
bottom and sides of the ditches tako
on a crust, the particles become pack
ed together nnd excessive evaporation
takes place. For the next Irrigation
It will bo necessary to again run the
cultivator through tho rows In order
to form the ditches for another appli
cation of water, and by the time this
second Irrlgntlon occurs vthe plants
will bo so far. advanced that it will
be Impossible to hnrrow a second
time, but tho first harrowing can bo
done with very llttfe damage to the
crop, In fact It is a benefit to the crop
even though some of the plants are
destroyed.
SOME GOOD CROPS TO GROW
Whero Water Supply Is Limited Most
Desirable Are Those Grown In
Garden and Orchard.
The most deslrnblo crops to grow
with a limited water supply aro those
grown In the vegetable and flower gar
dens, lawns, shnde nnd fruit trees
Whero an ample water supply can be
developed such Held crops as bring
tho largest returns per acre should bo
planted.
To gain the maximum returns for
money invested in tho wnter supply
and pumping equipment, winter Irri
gation should be practiced. On this
portion field crops, tho hardier vege
tables, fruit ees and small fruits can
bo grown .very successfully.
In the summer Irrigated plots from
which the hardier crops havo been ro
moved, strawberries ami dewberries
can be grown If protected In some
way .
In soils that move during the high
winds, the strawberries and dewber
ries can be protected by a mulch that
has been grown between tho rows dur
ing the fall, a sowing of oatB or bar
ley. This will freeze down nnd form
a good mulch for the plants which
cannot blow nway.
Gall Cure.
Try this as a gall cure: Wash the
place with water at nlghtnnd put
flour on it; It will bo nearly well by
morning.
Tigs cannot bo raised with proill
without a good pasture.
Sell tho fattening lambs as soon at
fit, and give the remaining ones a
better chance.
in nn egg of 1,000 grains, COO be
longs to the white, 300 to the yolk
and 100 to tlje sholl.
A good llockmaster will not fall to
havo every sheep on tho place to past
under his own eyes every day.
As long ns the breeding of a.sow if
profltnblo sho should be brod. It Ii
not. advisable to sell off a good brood
animal.
Tho most notable growth of the
duck Is between tho third and fourth
week of Its age. when It often doublej
Its weight.
Pigs fed on dirty, musty floors are
apt to contract lung trouble through
Inhaling dust, chaff and other clog
ging material.
Sheep-farming has been practiced
since the earliest times, and la one
of the most profitable branches of the
live stock industry. v
Don't lot a bungler shoo your
horses. Go to the Intelligent ahoot
who knows ho'w, If you have to drive
ten miles or more.
Pasturing grass too Boon or too
hard 1b nn expensive way of saving
feed; It costB several times the
amount of feed saved.
-fEN-EgAL
MOST EFFECTIVE AND SAFEST CONTACT
INSECTICIDE FOR GRAPE LEAF-H0PPERI
Spraying Must Be Done at Proper Time in Order to Thoroughly
Eradicate Pestiferous Sucking InsectAdults Hibernate
Among Leaves and Rubbish.
(Dy P. Z. HAItTZELL.)
Tho grape leaf hopper is an Im
portant pest Qf tho grape and during
tho past two years it has been on tho
Increase in Bomo sections. In many
vineyards tho necessity for efficient
methoda of control haB been apparent.
The Insect weakens tho vines by pierc
ing the epidermis of tho under side of
tho lent and Bucking tho cell Bap, thus
injuring tho cellB and exposing them
to the drying action of tho air. This
Injury results In nidecreaso In tho
amount of wood, and It also affects
tho quantity and quality of the fruit.
Fruit from badly infested vines Is
poorly ripened.
Tho leuf hopper Is a sucking Insect
and lives on the under sides of tho
grapo leaves. Eggs aro laid' during
June by tho overwintering adults, nnd
by the beginning of July the young
nymphs nro on the vinos In abundance.
These nymphs pass through five stages
or inBtars before becoming adults.
Nymphs of the first brood mature dur
ing tho latter part of July and early
part of August, and during normal
reasons many of them'lay eggs from
which develops a partial second
brood. During 1911 a completo.second
brood was observed. Young nymphs
of the first Instar were- found as late
as October 1. Most of these nymphs
become adults before the leaves drop
from the grape vine. The adults hi
bernnto among rubbish, grass, weeds
and fallen leaves. They aro active
during the warmer dayB of the hiber
nating period and feed ,pn various
grasses, preferring the leaveB of bush
fruits during tho spring before return
ing to the young foliage of the grape
vines.
During tho summer the adults are
of a yellowish appearance, being cov
ered with darker yellow lines. These
darker areas turn salmon before the
Insects leavo the vines In the fall and
they-become dark red., when the In
sects aro In their winter quarters. As
soon as they havo fed again upon
grape foliage In the spring these areas
become yejlow.
Experiments have proven that a
spray containing 2-100 of one per
cent, nicotine is the most effective und
safest contact lnsectlcldo for tho con
trol of the grapo leaf hopper. This
must bo directed against tho nymphs,
which are hit by applying the spray
to the under sides of the leaves.
, Tho application of the spray for this
Insect can be done by the usual hand
spraying with trailing Iioeo or by nn
automatic leaf hoppor sprayer.
The grape hopper, being a suck
ing insect, secures its food by insert
ing its proboscis or benk through the
epidermis or skin of the leaf, piercing
the underlying tissue and sucking up
the cell snp. Having satisfied its hun
ger It withdraws Its beak and wanders
bout the leaf. With the withdrawal
of the proboscis the injured, leaf tissue
Is exposed to tho drying action of the
air, which not only completes the de
struction of the Injured cells but dries
out the surrounding cells, thus causing
n small portion oflhe leaf to die. This
area Is small but the accumulative ef
fect Is of Importance In the economy
of the plant. ' Theso Injured parts
turn yellow and, ns the Injuries In
crease by tho feeding of the Insects
Nature Leaf Hopper.
the leaves become dotted with spots
until by September these areas are
bo numerous as to causo the leaves
to have a decidedly yellow appearance
when contrasted with healthy foliage.
It Is notyunuBunl to find 100 leaf
hopper nyraphB on a single leaf. Jf
each Insect should feed only twice
each day and remain on the leaf for a
period of two months we would find
Hint there had accumulated on tho
leaf 12,000 Injured areas. This would
bo a moderate damage; for counts
show that leaves of average size. If
badly Infested, may have as many ns
20,000 such injured nreas.
Thus thoro are two factors In the
work of the leaf hopper; tho removal
of the cell snp by the leaf hoppers as
food, and the destruction of tlssuo
by the drying out and death of tho
cells surrounding those pierced by the
Insects. The latter is tho moro Im
portant factor. The death of these
cells menus a lessening of the growth
of wood und a decrease In the yield
of fruit.
To obtain efficient results against
the leaf hopper It Is necessary to ob
serve certain rules.
The spraying must be done at the
proper time. This time will vary with
the season, but the spraying must be
done when the maximum number ot
nymphs are present, thus killing the
largest number of Insects, will usually
confine the number of apraylnga to
one. One must Judge the time by
ml pVfeJfI M
if Uf Ih It
Jr foil
watching tho development of tho In
sects. The proper contact Insecticide must
bo used and nt the proper strength.
Forty per cent, nlcotino Bhould bo used
ono part to 1.G00 parts of water, and
2.7 per cent, nlcotino should be used
ono part to 150 parts of water.
Sufficient Bpray mixture must be .
used to drench the Insects. A pressure
of from 12G to 150 pounds per square
Inch Is necessary.
Tho under sIiIob of the leaves must
ha thoroughly hit by the 'spray. The
height of tho vines, the manner of
Fruit on Damaged Vines.
trimming and tho direction of the
wind muat nil be taken Into consider
ation. One should examine tho under
sides of the sprayed leaves from time
to time to seo that tho nozzles are
properly adjusted.
Spraying as directed, one would use
nearly 150 gallons of spray material
per aero where tho foliage Ib dense.
Where vines are weak or young nnd
the foliage Is not denBe, ono "can se
cure good results by using discs with
slightly smaller apertures, thus using
less spray per acre. One's Judgment
must govern him In tho use of mate
rial economically.
With the use of 150 gallons' of ma
terial per acre, using the nicotine
preparations at the present prices, It
would cost about $1.25 per acre for
material to control tho grape leaf
hopper for a season.
QUAIL PROVEN AS A
FRIEND OF FARMER
Description of This Industrious
Little Bird, Commonly Called
Bob White.
The quail, the "bob-white" whose
call floats softly up from the meadows
In cool twllIghtB and dewy summer
mornings, Is almost too well known
to need description. Nearly every
boy and girl who can whistle has re
turned his salute and heard it again
and again, as the bird seems to search
in bewilderment for that new noto
which ho does not quite understand.
"Moro rain" grandfather Is likely to
say, when ho hears tho call in tho
morning. "Ilob-whlto is calling for
moro rain." But though you may
hoar him it doos not follow that you
may sco him oaslly,(unles8 your neigh
borhood Is friendly or there are good
game laws rigidly enforced. The quail
has suffered much at the hands of tho
man with the gun. nnd the man at
the plow has suffered too, for when
the quail Is gone grasshoppers and
many other Insect enemies of grow
ing" crops havo things nil their own
way.
A clean, white throat ns full and
fluffy as a lace Jabot, Is one of bob
white's first recognition marks, and
tho W(hlto or lemon-colored lines that
run back over his head from beak to
shoulders aro another. This leaves
him a neat little brown cap in the
middle of his head and gives him a
somewhat saucy apoparance. No bird
can boast as largo a' family as the
quail, and It requires tho sharpest of
eyes to find the nest, hidden as it Is in
grasB and sometimes covered entirely,
with a side entrance which looks as
Innocent as a mero tuft of straw lifted
by field mice. Thero nro sometimes
as many as threo tiers of eggs, piled
upon each other, and how so small a
bird can cover so many 1b a mystery.
It Is related In "Tho Girds of Ohio,"
that one winter a family of quail
came regularly every evening to a
feeding place whero grain was kept
for them, and nfterward slept under
an evergreen treo In tho yard. Hero
they were seen, ono very stormy af
ternon when they had to soek shelter
early, huddled Into a perfect circle,
heads out, feathers fluffed up and ev
ery tall helping to shelter Its neigh
bor. There aro few birds, Indeed, that
cannot be brought near by keeping
feed and water ready for them.
Pigs' Rations.
Tho moro variety that you can put
into tho pigs' ration tho moro valuable
every pound of every different feed Is.
Always let your variety bo made by
feeding a number or feeds at tho same
time, and not by changing to a differ
ent feed every time.
Foe of Codling Moth,
A parasite with a long and unpro-'
nouneenble name has been introduced
Into California to fight the codling
moth. It 1b said to e making good
and hat begun the destruction.
S