-k.
INSECT DOING CONSIDERABLE DAMAGE
TO PEAR ORCHARDS IN EASTERN STATES
Productiveness of Many Trees in Fruit Growing Sections Has
Been Greatly Reduced by Thrips, a New Pest Most Effec
tive Control Is Spraying.
(Dy P. J. PAIUIOTT.)
For a number of years pear blos
soms in orchards In tho state of Now
York and other parts of tho. east have
blighted, resulting In moro or loss ex
tensive losses in fruit yields.
Careful studies during tho past
year havo shown that the Injury is
caused by the pear thrips, a new
orchard pest, which has attracted con
siderable attention In recent years in
California becaueo of tta deBtructlvo--ncsa
to various deciduous fruits.
Tho adult thrips, which Is largely
responsible for tho injuries to tho
trees, Is a small, darkish brown.
winged Insect measuring about ono
twentieth of an inch in length. It ap
pears in destructive numbers vvhcn
the buds nro opening, attacking tho
tenderest of tho flower parts. Tho
eggs are mostly deposited beneath the
epidermis of tho blossom and fruit
stems. Hatching takes place within a
few days, and tho larvae seek prefer
ably tho calyx cups, undersides of
calyces, .nd the folds or under sur
faces of the tender, expanding leaves,
fne larvae feed for about two weeks
uhd drop to tho ground, in which thoy
"orm a protecting cell. In this cell
tho Insect completes Its transforma
tions and emerges from tho ground In
tho spring as an adult. Tho thrips Is
6lnglo brooded; and tho most activo
Mid destructlvo stages are coincident
with the period that Includes tho llfo
events of the swelling and opening of
tho buds and dropping of blossoms
and calyces.
Injuries by tho thrips In the Hudson
valley have apparently occurred over
n period of five yoars. During the
past three years fruitgrowers gener
ally have riotlced blighting of blossom
clusters of pear trees, although the
nature of tho causal agent seems not
to have been suspected. According to
Adult Pear Thrips.
statements of fruitgrowers tho most
Bevero uttack of the thrips occurred
during 1910, when the pear crop In
many orchards was much reduced.
Besides losses in yields the trees wore
seriously checked by Injuries to leaf
buds and leaf clusters; and in some
orchardn the season was much ad
vanced before tho trees presented nor
mal conditions of growth. The pro
ductiveness of pear orchards during
1911 was greater than tho preceding
year, but blighting of blossom clusters
was general and orchards suffered
Iosscb in yields according to tho sever
ity of tho attacks by the thrips.
Severe attacks by the thrips are a
serious drain on tho vitality and pro
ductiveness of tho trees. In their
weakened state they aro also more
subject to Injuries by adverse weather
Dr environment, and to attacks by
various wood-boring Insects. Tho
needs of tho orchard with respect to
EXCELLENT STORAGE
Cros Section of an Easily
E. J. Delwlcho of tho Wisconsin sta
tion makes tho following recommend
ations regarding tho storage of roots
for feeding purposes:
Tho best place to storo roots is in
a root cellar near where they are to
bo fed. Such a cellar may bo a part
of a barn, basement, or It may be
built conveniently near to tho Btock
barn. In most places the root house
can be built most economically of con
crete Ordinarily cement Is the only ma
terial that ha3 'to bo purchased. Tho
gravel and sand are usually available
at no great distunco on most furms.
While the tomperaturo In a root house
should never fall to the freezing polut,
It should be at a low point for best re
sults In keeping roots.
Whon no cellar Is available, roots
may bo stored In pits. For fall and
early winter feeding thoy need not be
covered to any great depth. The rootB
aro put In conical plia about four
feet In diameter on a bed of clean
Btraw, then covered with a layer of
two Inches of long Btraw. Clean rye
straw Is preferred for this purpose.
The Btraw at the apex of tho pile la
:vdYJr;!J7wVvu;:.
cultivation, fertilizers, pruning and
spraying for other insects and dis
eases should bo carefully considered
in order that tho most favorable con
ditions for recovory to health and
productiveness may bo afforded to
tho trees.
Tho thrlpB Is a difficult pest to com
bat becaUBo of tho naturo and sudden
ness of its attacks. Spraying Is tho
most efficient method of control. Tho
period for offectlyo spraying Is during
tho tlmo when the buds are breaking
and until they aro entirely opened at
tho tips. Tho most promising Bpray
Ing mixtures aro tho nicotine prep
arations In combination with koroseno
emulsion or soap. Two or throo ap
plications on succcsslvo days during
the past year largely prevented Im
portant Injuries to pear trees. Tho
physical features of tho locations of
the orchards, such ns tho direction
and elevation of tho slopos of the land,
and character of tho soil, havo a
marked Influence on the development
of tho buds and the time of blossom
ing. Tho time for effective spraying
will thcroforo vary with individual
orchards.
REWARDS OFFERED
IN FRUIT GROWING
Great Crops Are Possible When
Conditions Are Created to
Produce Them.
Fruit growing offers many rewards
In tho way of great possibilities to
those who get the most out of It. Tho
careful planter and tho liberal feeder
and culturlst, as a rule, gets what ho
is working for.
In all kinds of fruit culture great
crops -aro possible when the circum
stances aro created to produco them.
A well-cared for strawberry planta
tion, says a writer In Green Fruit
Urower, often yields wonderful re
sults; and tho same can be said of
raspberries, currants, gooseberries,
etc., and yot- it is not best to engage
In fruit culture with that as an Incen
tive. Figuro on a fair crop, and It
you get a large one, so much the bet
ter. I would uot be understood to dis
courage aiming high not by any
means simply to caution tthe inexpe
rienced against building on these ex
ceptional yields.
Do not plant too closely, and give
what you plant close attention. Wo
know a man who may not be termed
a model fruit grower, yet this man
makes tho most of what he has, and
is successful.
Good varieties, good plants, suitable
ground, and proper caro will produco
lino fruit. Economy Is very essen
tial to success, and yet one must not
bo penny wiso and pound foolish.
Thero must bo thorough work dono,
and plants must not bo crowded, it
takes some thought to know just how
much work and money to bestow
upon a crop to make tho most possi
ble profit from it.
It is difficult for tho Inexperienced
to realize tho great valuo of experi
ence In fruit growing. After ono has
traveled tho road he can see tho
value. To those who are about to es
tablish themselves In this Interesting
Industry, I would say to go slow at
first; make small beginnings; gain
your knowledge as you go on; study
your location and soil so that you will
know better than any one Just what
Is possible to accomplish with it.
FOR THE ROOT CROPS
VOVrLATOR
Constructed Pit for Roots.
made to form a chimney Ave or six
Inches In diameter for ventilation.
Dirt is thrown on the pile to a depth
of six inches. Tho rootB aro piled
as high as posstblo so as to shed wa
ter. Whin wanted for feeding the
wholo pit is taken Into tho barn at
once. For early winter feeding the
layer of jnlrt should bo thicker, and In
addition a covering of straw should bo
placed over the whole pllo.
The Illustration shows a pit Intend
ed to remain over winter. This pro
vides for two layers of straw and two
of earth. A ventilator made of four
Inch boards Is placed at tho apex.
When severe freezing weather sets In,
tho ventilator Is stuffed tightly with
line hay. In such a pit roots will
keep without freezing even in tho
coldest winters. If desired, tho .piles
may be mado oblong Instead of conical
In shape, retaining the gable form.
While pits do very well, so far as
keeping the roots is concerned, it muBt
be understood that they aro but make
shifts at beBt. A root house which Is
accessible at all times Is much more
satisfactory and moro economical.
APPLYING WATER TO CROPS
Hoatlon Supply and Its Usa Should
Demand Most Thouahtful Con
sideration of Dest Minds.
Evory day tho question nrlsos to
tho Irrigator: "How am I to know
how much water to apply to my
crops?" There aro ways by which
this can bo dono nnd tho tlmo will
come whon evory Irrigator will avnll
hlmsolf of these means. Water Is Uio
most valuable thing In tho arid renlon
moro valual'lo than gold or silver
or any other of our resources or prod
ucts. Thereforo, tho water supply and
Its uso should demand tho most
thoughtful consideration of the bcBt
minds, vrltoB Alex McDonald in tlio"
Denver Flold nnd Farm. I havo found
by actual experience that 10 Inches of
water, Including rainfall, suppllod dur
ing tho growing season will produco
76 bushels of wheat and 130 bushels
of oats, If properly distributed and
conserved.
Moro water added to tho soil did
not lncrcaso Its production, but rath
er decreasod It. Less water than this
produced nearly as much as tho
amount given. Honco tho water that
Is added to tho .soil In excess of the
needs of tho plant 1b wasting wealth
and It behooves tho Irrigator, or tho
men who aro using water, to study
this question well, so that thoy may
mako water do Its wholo duty, and
thus Increase the nroa of tillable land.
Many who nro not used to Irrigating
often look upon It as a mysterious
work. I Invariably say to thoso men
If they poso as farmers: "Do you
know whon soil Is In good condition?"
If thoy answer yes, then I toll thorn
to keep It that way. They do not
have to wait for rain; they can sup
ply water themselves and hence there
Is no excuso for not keeping It in good
condition so far ns molsturo Is con
cerned. Next, how aro wo to find out how
much water to apply In the soil? T
have used tho following plan: Take
a ship auger with a shank tree three
feet long or more, bore into tho
ground before tho crops nro planted,
tnko nil of tho soil and put It In a re
ceptacle. Properly cover to prevent
loss of molsturo, and lake It to a drug
storo and weigh It. Then take this
came soil and plnco It in an oven, or
anywhere n tomperaturo of about 104
degrees may bo obtained, until thor
oughly dried. Then weigh tho soil
again. From this tho water In the
ground can bo computed. Then after
irrigating do this again, nnd it will
tell you, If you do It Immediately aft
er Irrigating, how much water tho soil
contains when saturated, and If you
wait 24 hours nnd tnke a sample In
like manner It will tell approximately
how much water tho soli holds In a
form that plants can dso.
In fact, successful dry farmers In
the northwest follow this plan every
year. Of course precipitation there
comes In tho Into fall, winter and
early spring, and they find that If they
have equal to 12 to 15 Inches of wa
ter available for plants that they can
I count on a crop. If not, they must
conservo this molsturo Tby Bummer
fallowing and await moro precipita
tion. Then again, other tests may bo
used. Dig Into the ground 3 or 4
Inches and tako a handful or tho soil
nnd squrezo If It remains In a ball,
then It Is unnecessary to supply mois
ture. Of course, this pro-supposes
that there Is molsturo down below and
that tho ground Is not too sandy.
Some may say this Is too much trou
ble, but they should bo willing to
troublo themselves when there Is
money In It.
I have personally observed thnt
men aro pouring water onto their
poll, which If used Intelligently would
Irrigate from two to four times ns
much land as they aro now irrigating.
If one acre of land will produco a net
Income of $30 and upward, and by a
llttlo investigation they could, with
tho same amount of water, cultivate
four ncres and get better crops, Is It
not worth n little Investigation? Tho
Intelligent farmer, whether scientific
or not, wants to make money out of
his farming operations. If he owns
water, ho wants to turn that water
Into money that he may havo the
necessities, or oven tho luxuries of
llfo In more abundance. Then whv
wnsto tho water by cxcesslvo Irriga
tion? While 11 is true that nlfalfa
requires more writer than, perhaps
any' other crop grown In tho west, yet
If tho soil Is doop nnd In proper con
dltlon so that tho roots of tho plants
will go on down, thoy will bo nolo to
rcncli tho subterrnnean water In n
greater or lesser tlmo nnd materially
aid tho farmer In reducing tho amount
of water necessary for his alfalfa.
Clovers Valuable Forage Plants.
Director Brooks of tho Massachu
setts station says of tho clovers: "For
four Important reasons the clovers
aro among the most valuable forage
plants:
First, the rannurlal cost of their
production Is exceptionally low; sec
oncl, they are richer In protein than
most of tho forago crops far richer
than the grasses; third, thoy enrich
tho soil In nitrogen as well as bu1
soil It, eo that the following crops arc
almost Invariably good; fourth, In
permanent mowings they ultlmuteb
so enrich the soil In nitrogen that the
grassoB ns well aB tho clovers make
vigorous growth.
Disease-Breeding Houses.
In closely built houses, whore there
Is poor ventilation the air becomes
contaminated by gases arising from
filth and tho accumulation of drop
pings. As the hens are exposed tc
these gases during the night, it Is
no wonder that tho system becomes
poisoned by them and dlseaso result
A Motive
for Christian
Service
Br HEV. JAMCS M. C.RAY. D. D..
Deta ci the Mood Bible Inilitulr,
ChUna
TKKT- "Wliercforo also we mnke It our
aim wtirtlir t homo or nbsmit, to bo
wpll-plcagliiK unto him." 2 Cor. v. 9
(H. V).
Tho motlvo for tho service of
Christ held before us In tho context
of these words is
tho hopo of tho
futuro llfo which
tho bellovcr has
through Christ-
Tho naturo of
this hope Is sot
before us In
verses 1 to 4.
Paul In tho previ
ous chapter had
been speaking of
his sufferings and
afflictions ns n
Christian, and
comforting hlm
solf and other
Christians In a
llko cbbo by tho
thought of tho
outcome of them all In tho "far moro
exceeding and eternal weight of
glory." This glory Is n certainty, for
ho goes on to add: "Wo know thnt
If the earthly houso of our bodily
frame bo dissolved, we have a build
ing from God, nn houso not made with
hands, eternal, in the heavens." Thero
are so many things which a Christian
may know if ho will only tako God's
word for them. aid this thing, so full
of comfort, Is ono of them. Wo who
are In tho present body gronn In It
for many reasons, but our desire Is If
wo aro Christians not merely to bo
rid of it but to bo "clothed upon," 1.
o., to receive our now resurrection and
glorified body. In other words, tho hopo
set before the regenerated man Is not
death but that which sooner or later
follows death, tho resurrection nnd al
that It implies. It Is then that what Is
mortal shall bo Bwallowed up of llfo.
Assurance of Resurrection.
After speaking of tho hopo set bo
foro tho Christian tho Inspired writer
goes on to show how assured It Is In
verses G to 8. "Ho thnt wrought us
for this very thing Is God," ho snys.
The very object God had In view In
tho salvation of any man and all his
work of grace In him was to this very
end. A great theologian luis Bald,
"Tho end of God's way aro corpo.
rlety," a thought which Paul sots bes
foro us hero as applied to the rcsuri
rectlon from tho dead. Moreover, God
has not only wrought us to this end,
not only is this God's purposo con
cerning uo Christians, but ho has
given us a pledgo of It In tho dwell
ing of his holy spirit within us. Tho
holy spirit In every bellover Is nn
"earnest" or foretaste of this thing,
his indwelling certifies to our resur
rection, so that "wo aro always con
fident" or of good courago concerning
it.
Wherefore, says tho apostle, "wo la
bor," or rather wo make It our aim
or ambition, thnt "whether present or
absent we may bo accepted of hlm."
Paul was always looking for tho re
turn of tho Lord Jesus Christ, and If
lie, Paul, wrro present In tho llesh on
tho earth when ho came, ho wanted to
he found accepted or well-pleasing In
his sight. It was possible, however,
that he might bo absent from the
earth nnd from tho body when tho
Lord came, but In that case also ha
wanted to bo accepted of him. Wheth
er ho were present In the body or nb
sent from tho body ho expected to
stand before him. "Wo must nil ap
pear before tho Judgment-seat of
Christ," he says, "that everyone may
receive the things dono In his body
whether It be good or bad " Tho ref
erence hero Is to Christians. They
will not havo to stand before Christ's
Judgment-seat In order to have It do-1
termlned whether they nre lost or
saved, that Is determined the moment
the Christian takes Jesus Christ by i
faith to bo hla savior, but they must
render nn account to him of their '
stewardship as Christians In order to
determlno tho matter of their ro-1
wards. It was for this reason that i
Paul wished to be found well-plenslng '
to him, nnd this renson sets before I
us tho power of tho Christian's hope
to produco a holy life.
Reason for Evangelism.
Hut thero was ono special matter In
which Paul desired to bo well-pleasing
to his lord, nnd that was In the sav
Ing of lost souls such ns ho had been
and such as all men arc by nature
"Knowing therefore," ho Bays, "th
fear of tho Lord," i. c, having our
eyes on tho Judgment-neat of Christ
when we must give account of obi
service with referenco to our reward
"wo perfcunde men."
This was tho motive for such scrv
Ico with hlm. Ho was not thlnklnp
Just now of tho peril and retribution
that would fall upon the lost, though
of course, at other times he emphn
sized that motive for saving such:
but ho wnH thinking of his own nc
countabllity when, raised from the
dead at Christ's second corning, Ik
must face his record of service. Pnul'i
motive should be our motlvo, for w
havo tho samo accountability, and
must fnco tho same Lord. How arc
wo fulfilling It? We have many nm
options; can wo say that we havo thU
ambition?
Passengers Had to Work Their Way.
A drummer and a friend climbed
aboard a ramshackle train In an Iso
lated Missouri town. Tho train was a
feeble, asthmatic pl(co of mechanism,
and tho Humane society should have
prosecuted Its owners for allowing It
to run at all.
It finally camo to a dead stop JUBt
In tho edge of town, nnd after n long
Interval of trying to mako It go tho
engineer stuck his head In tho door I
and bawled:
"Say, you two gcnts'll havo to get
out, till 1 git It started!"
The Case.
"How did It happen thnt Jopps did
not keep tho good position ho hud 7"
"On one Important occasion ho lost
his head."
"How did that happon?"
"It was cut off."
Wntcr In bluing In ndultcrntlnn. Olnnn nnd
water mnken liquid blue costly. Buy Red
CroH Hill Blue, mnken clothes whiter limn
mow. Adv.
Cheerfulness Is 1 also an excellent
wearing quality. It has boon called
tho fair weather of tho heart.
Smiles.
YOU CAN CURB. CATAtin.II
Rr utlntr Colo's Cnrbollsulvo. It Is a moat
effective remedy. All druRRtsti. 25 nnd 50c. Adv.
Wo seldom tako a deep and vital
Interest In tho nffalrs of our neigh
bors unless they owe ub money.
Jl!Iim;!T;iljl!lllliNllllllllIIUllliiil';iiiiiiiiiiiiirnr
ALCOHOL-3 PER CENT
AYedctaulc Preiiaralion for A.
similaling llieFoodandHegula-
nng moaiomacns aim uowcis oi
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ncssandRcsl.Contaln? neither
Opium.Morpliine nor Mineral
Not "Nauc otic
fimpt ttOM DrSAMVUmWEft
Fimpft!n Si
MxSfitm -KKUtStU
fpetrmint
JMnriniaUStfin
hrm Srtd -
A nrrfieel Remedy forConStlpn
lion . Sour Slomach.Diarrhoca,
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ncss and Loss of Sleep
Facsimile Signature of
The Centauh Company,
NEW YORK.
Exact Copy of Wrapper.
ARE YOU
ti i ' -v h n ansa m m rw bb m an m an Bm
iii:i:iiiIiiiMiiMH!i.lTTifiiwiffTiTTtf!iiiniiiiiMiriii
To Omaha to see the AK-SAR-BEN Pa
rade, visit the street fair and enjoy yourself?
If you decide to come, before leaving home,
make up your mind to "buy a piano."
We will save you in the purchase price,
during our AK-SAR-BEN sale, the cost to
you of your rail
road fare and also
your hotel bill.
highest quali
ties and lowest
prices in the
West, on high
grade standard
Pianos, will be
offered to visitors to
Omaha, by us, during AK-SAR-BEN week.
Take advantage of this offer and buy the
Piano for your home that you have so long
wished for. We guarantee every
instrument we selB.
HAYDEN BROTHERS
EVERY CHILD
Faultless Starch Twin Dolls
MuiIiuWklteMlllIioPIiot!,oPrW
If you will tb
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or twelr frouH of 6 ont rsultleM BUroh piokusM
uil una, will ! n t
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oat thU ad. It will bo accebtsd ia claooof oual!
oeat front, or two &cm froaU. Only oao ad will
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FAUL1IESS STARCH CO., Ktasu CUy, Me.
HBackache Rheumatism
I Kidneys and Bladder R
of this paper
5R desiring to
Viitt nnvtlilnty
advertised in its columns should
insist upon having what they ask for,
refusingnll substitutes orimltationa.
The Wretchedness
of Constipation
Can quickly bo ovcrcomo by
CARTER'S LITTLE
LIVER PILLS.
Purely vcgctablo
act surely am
gently on the
liver. Lure
Biliousness,
Head
ache, Dizzi
ness, and Indigestion. They do their duty.
SMALL TILL, SMALL DOSE, SMALL PRICE.
Genuine must bear Signature
For Infants and Children.
The Kind You Have
Always Bought
TH OINTAUR OOMPAiyV HW VOHK OITT.
CO
isxaosuEa
SHOULD HAVE THE
&AV
Ht-
bt lUroh dim lxith of thoaf
laohMhlfh and rend? to cat oak
to idt aa
kit .via. .fB.affjw uiiu MVPtinB,
toot on receipt of throo 10 oa4
5
Hsr u ""
a. mr unrcnc
JES& WITTLE
Jm iiYtK
drap'MA nribkii
0r Jgij -1
Bears the Aj
ft Jp' In
(&' ' Use
U For Over
Thirty Years
MING
Mwwpiwwy"' " ,m" ' 7 kan