XZj
NOTES ca
FEEDER RACKS SAVE FODDER AND LABOR
Oilgo:
MBU)OWBROOK
m
I 1N
K
r
f
I.
"A FARM
i;
)-py mum cmr
K-
All animals need salt.
Tho bog 1b a debt payer.
Every farm should have a silo.
A silo built of concreto will
servo Bllago well.
Milk and corn meal makes a
forcing feed for friers.
pro-
fine
A good time to cull out Inferior
birds 1b when tho market 1b up.
The finer tho soil, the better the
vegetables, both in quantity and qual
ity. Feed the soil If you would have tho
soil feed you, applies forcibly to worn
out lands.
Grape vines require frequent shal
low cultivation throughout the en
tire season.
In setting an orchard stick to tho
proven varieties. Let Borne one olso
do tho experimenting.
Tho thermometer must be used as
regularly In the dairy during tho
summer as during the winter.
At this tlmo of the year care should
be exercised in housing the pullets
that are to be tho winter layers.
In breaking a colt, remember that
It is an easy matter to overload and
ruin him by causing him to balk.
Bran is a very good feed for cows.
It is light, palatable and rich in min
eral matter, especially phosphorus.
With frpltlng orchards, mineral fer
tilizers are often great assistance, but
an excess of nitrogen should be avoid
ed. Annual flowers can be hurried along
by watering them with a tablespoon
ful of nitrate of soda to a pailful of
water.
Heroic pruning measures are needed
ed to bring many old trees into bear
ing; b'ut it need not all bo done tho
first year.
Tho theory that one can overfeed
the growing pullets has been exploded,
and many a flock has been retarded by
under feeding.
The earlier in the season after the
"June crop" that thinning can bo done,
the better it will be for tho tree and
remaining apples.
The most humane method of de
horning a cow Is to do the work with
a little caustic potash when tho horns
aro just starting on tho calf.
"When tho strawberries are off tho
vines remove the mulch and cultivate
thoroughly to kill off the weeds and
put tho soil in fine condition.
Some folks have their houses so
that they can open them up all around
tho foundation walls when it Is hot,
and let tho air circulate everywhere.
From early spring until August sow
a few rows of summer lettuce every
two weeks or so, and thus try to pro
vide a continuous supply of good
heads.
Throw open the windows every
night, but tack somo wlde-meshed
cloth of some kind over them to keep
out things that havo no business in
the house.
Alsiko clover 1b a perennial and can
be grown on ground that 1b too low
and moist for the medium red or
mammoth, but it is grown equally
well on high ground.
Men who aro Inexperienced in al
falfa growing should have forced on
their attention tho important lesson
that it pays well to put a little labor
on the surface after removing each
crop.
In selecting eggs for hatching much
caro should be used. Select only nice
brown, well-formed and good-sized
eggs from healthy stock. Keep them
just cool and incubate them as soon
aB possible.
When buying pedigreed stock tho
wiso buyer will study tho pedigree- of
tho man who bred the animal as care
fully as tho animal itself. A good rep
utation is a valuable asset when sell
ing registered animals.
From 16 to 18 pounds of hay should
bo given a horso during tho day. This
Is equivalent to five or six pounds to
a meal. But It is not well to givo so
much at noon or morning, as they
have not the tlmo to eat It, and going
to work right away prevents proper
time for digestion.
,
VV-r-
.- r n
Keep tho pigs growing.
Look out for chicken llco.
Order crates and boxes eaily.
Timely harvesting 1b necessary.
Gather all the brush from tho or
chard and burn it.
When cream appears moldy on tho
surface It is overripe.
You aro safe to buy an old sire, but
don't get him very fat.
An orchard neglected for one year
Virtually puts It back three years.
Early turkeyB are what pay, and
these can only be had from early laid
eggs.
Plenty of exerclso Is ono very Im
portant item for keeping a flock
healthy.
Tho use of silage for sheep feeding
purposes hns been tried out to a lim
ited extent.
Thero is no reason why potatoes
should not be cultivated with a rid
ing corn cultivator.
If you want a fine, early yellow
peach, put two or threo Triumph trees
in your next nursery order.
Some tell tho sex of tho gulne.i fowl
by its wattles. Those of tho male aro
double the size of tho female.
A liberal application of ashes to the
soil where cabbago plants are grown
Is a prcvontlvo of clump root.
Condiments that stimulate egg pro
duction are very much like anything
that stimulates a human being.
An orchard will live longer, bear
better and be more profitable by be
ing well cultivated and enriched.
Good fruit can bo raised only with
caro and attention given to spraying,
pruning and generally good care.
Gooseberries require a cool situa
tion, with plenty of air and moist
ure, and should be partially shaded.
It requires two-thirds of a full ra
tion to keep a cow in fair condition
before thero is any milk production.
A blockish built mare with a largo
barrel on short legs is likely to pro
duce a better foal than the tall, leggy
kind.
Capons are tho most profitable parts
of the chicken business, just as steers
are the moBt profitable part of the cat
tle Industry. '
Frequently disinfecting the hen
houses, coops and drink and feed
dishes Is likely to save lots of troublo
from disease.
It does not require any great ability
at figures to show that there Is a
great waste In selling hogs when they
aro but half fed out
Truck crops suffer least, from fungi
In seasons that open with a cool spring
and end with a very hot summer, with
rainfall below the average.
Raspberries and blackberries should
be mulched with straw or litter after
they have been shallow cultivated two
or threo times in tho spring.
If tho onions aro not growing well,
a littlo nltrato of soda or hen manuro
sown broadcast, before or during a
rain, often helps them to fill out.
You don't have to take the frost out
of tho bltB theso days, but you might
take tho fire out of your temper and
save much suffering in tho horses'
mouths.
Sugar-beet growing means moro
than the mere profltB from growing
the beets. It Introduces a higher typo
of agriculture and the crops raised la
rotation are better.
At this season cows should bo dry,
so as to avoid milking during fly
tlmo and excessive heat. 'Pastures aro
short, too, and a dry cow can stand
It better than a good milker.
It pays to whitewash, vontllato and
properly light stables; to brush and
curry cows; to use clean and well
covered utensils, to cool milk quickly
and to have a cool place for tho milk.
Cowpeas or soy beans aro frequently
sown in standing corn at the tlmo of
the laBt cultivation or they can bo
sown after such early-harvested crops
aB wheat havo been removed in case
it is not too late In the season.
Thoso who contemplate starting atj
djfalfa patch should bear in mind this
ono fact, that under ordinary circum
stances no ono factor will contribute
so much to tho success of tho crop aB
an application of farmyard manure.
H'b a toss-up between milking out
in the cool yard where mosquitoes and
flies pester the cows and tho tail
works like perpetual motion, and tho
darkened barn, with a row of hot
cows adding to tho heat of tho
day.
It is very Important that the pas
tures of the dairy cows should be kept
free from all weeds or plants which
will impart a bitter or disagreeable
taste to the milk or butter. Ragweeds,
especially, should b mown off every
time they Btart up.
I mtJ Jl-"1--fr"l-' ' "TTTT j -" i i ' w i 'Lmi i- .., ..i-ypjp Jl ,
i messiHXsawmDmm
"LL .JiV' "
Self-Feeder Racks Which Save Fodder and Considerable Labor.
Self-feeder racks for supplying
roughage to sheep or cattlo aro not
only tho meanB of Bavlng consider
able labor, but, according to tests
mado at the Colorado experiment
stntion, nro tho means of saving a
groat doal of hay. Ono lot of lambs at
this station wore fed whole hay In a
self-feeder rack, and another lot
whole hay In racks on tho ground,
such as are In common uso In many
sections of the country. Tho nverago
gain of theso two lots waB practically
tho same, the lot feeding from tho
Bclf-fcoder averaging only one pound
heavier than tho other, says tho
American Agriculturist Also, tho
grain consumed varied but little, be
ing only nine pounds more for a 100-
pound gain In the first lot than in
the second. The groat saving camo In
tbo cost of roughago.
Tho lot eating from tho self-feeder
consumed C01 pounds of hay for each
100 pounds of gain, and those eating
off tho ground consumed 733 pounds
of hay for each 100 pounds of gain.
This indicates a difference of prac
tically 20 per cent In favor of tho
KEY TO SUCCESS
More Con l)e AccompHoIied Wlicn
Furm'cr and Anlmala uro
Carv-Frco and Con- ,
tented in Mind.
(By B. L. OUTNAM.)
Tho dairyman who 1b looking for
results will not allow tho dog or tho
small boy to worry his cows. Ho
knows that If ho wants a well filled
pall they must not bo frightened but
kept quiet and content
Tho grower of beef cattlo is sure
to weed out the ono that 1b continual
ly bawling, when It should be grazing,
for tho simple reason that thore Is
more waste than gain of adipose tis
sue at such a time. Tho stock con
tent to feed upon the good pasture
at hand rather than busy themselves
trying to break Into forbidden fields,
possibly not nearly as good, aro tho
ones that make the most gain in
weight.
Tho hen that is dogged every time
she finds a nice BOft place to scratch
is not tho one that makes tho best
egg record. She may be hard on tho
garden, but a good fence would easily
fix that. Do not discourage her nat
ural efforts and then expect her to do
her best for you.
The horse that is compelled to fight
flies continually cannot get In a full
day's work, or at least If it does there
s less in stamina, which eventually
telle on tho life work of tho animal.
Neither can It do its best with an ill
fitting harness. Tho horso that is
comfortable and In good spirits 1b tho
one which makeB tho record.
A flock of sheep harassed by dogs
soon show the troublo In their general
condition as surely as In their manner.
Fleetncss of foot Is not ono of the
characteristics of the animal and when
this Is enforced as a means of preser
vation It Is to tho detriment of the
flock.
The fnrmer and his family, as well
as his stock, accomplish moro when
care-free and In a happy turn of
mind. All nature Is freBh and cheer
ful. It Is profitable for us to bo like
wise! CULTIVATE IN
CELERY PATCH
Work Should Begin After PInnto
uro "Well Started In July
Keep Soil Out of
Plunt.
After tho celery plants aro well
started in July, commenco to culti
vate. It Is much better to give a shal
low cultivation rather than deeper
ones, as tho roots of celery grow quite
near the surface, and cultivating two
inches deep will accomplish Just as
much as four inches, provided, of
course, that tho ground 1b cultivated
often enough to keep a mulch of
loose soil. When the plants have at
tained a height of about ten Inches
blanching may be started.
Usually the plants will be qulto
spreading, and they should bo first
gathered together, aqd held in place
with one hand, while tbo soil Is drawn
to them with a hoo In tho other hand.
Caro should be exercised that no soil
gotB Into tho heart of tho plant. This
is likely to cause the plant to rot
Hilling should not be dono when the
ground Is dry enough to crumble. If
dono when the soil is wet tho plant?
aro liable to rust On a small scale
celery may bo blanched by putting
boards 1 inch thick nnd 2 to 14 Inches
wide on each side of tho row and fill
ing tbo space around the plants with
sawdust or soil.
Good Hog Pastures.
A good pasture for hogB la one
which is tender nnd nutritive. Blue
grass makes n good pasture during tho
spring and lato fall. Rye and blue
grass make a littlo winter pasture.
.'" - :'.
self-feeder racks. It makes a differ
ence of 42 cents in tho cost secur
ing each 100 pounds of grain. TheBq
results wero secured on alfnlfa valued
at $5 per ton. With a hlghor prlco
tho dlftorcnco would bo correspond
ingly greater.
These Bclf-fecding racks cost $1 per
running foot completed. They had tho
ordinary capacity of four lambs per
running foot, two on each side, not bo
much spaco being roqulred at a
Bolf-fceder as at an ordinary rack,
since all tho lambs will not cat at
ono tlmo. As already stated, tho sav
ing in this ono experiment amounted
to 42 cents por 100- pounds of gain.
This Is equal to nbout 14 cents on
each lamb. Counting four lambs por
tunning foot, this would make a sav
ing on one season's operations of G6
cents. In other words, thr rack would
pay for itself In two years. It Is
thought that when a typo of self
feeder Is developed for handling
chopped hay better results may be se
cured from It than havo hitherto been
possible, by reducing tho waste caused
by wind.
BATS OF VALUE
TO THE FARMER
Dctildeo Dentroylnir Mooctultoet
and Otlior Noxlouo Insecta
Guano Doponlto
Are Rich.
(By H. W.jHENSHAW. Chief Biological
Survey, Department of Agriculture.)
Thero is no doubt of tho great value
of bats In tho destruction of mosqui
toes and other noxious Insects, espe
cially beetles. For years wo havo been
Interested in tho subject and have ex
amined many bat stomachs, with a
view to finding out tho precise species
Upon which tho different bats feed.
The Investigation, however, Is beset
with difficulties owing to tho fact that
bats habitually seem to thoroughly
chow their Insect food before swal
lowing It, with tho result that tho de
termination even of general Insects
taken for food is very difficult, whllo
tho Identification of soft-bodied Insects
like mosquitoes Is practically Impos
sible. Because they destroy so many
insects wo advocate tho protection of
bats wherever they occur.
None of tho Bpecles that Inhabit the
United Stat os do any harm, although
they sometimes cause annoyance by
congregating In largo numbers in tbo
attics or under tho eaveB of country
houses, when tho nolso they make
coming and going frequently disturbs
the Inmates of the house. This troublo,
however, can always bo easily cured
by stopping up tho holes and compet
ing tho bats to tako up their residonco
elsewhere.
In connection with tho economic Ira
portanco of bats the value of their
guano as a fertilizer is not to bo over
looked, as It brings a high prlco whor
ever It can be obtained in marketable
quantities. In fact, tbo erection of
artificial shelters fox bats for tho pur
pose of obtaining tho guano has fre
quently been advocated, as also has
nn attempt to Increase the number of
the mammals, having In mind their
destruction of noxious insects, espe
cially mosquitoes.
Wo know of at least one Instance,
In Moxlco, where a small dwelling was
given up to tho exclusive uso of bats
for tho purposo of annually or semi
annually gathering tho gunno for sale.
SECURE FERTILE
HATCHING EGGS
Time Required After Introduction
of Male Into Breeding Pen
Varieo From Four to
Seven Days.
The Maryland station recently mado
a test to determine tho tlmo required
for eggs to become fertile after a malo
has been added to tho breeding pen.
Twenty single comb White Leghorns,
boused without runs, were kept from
the malo birds 'for threo monthB. A
cockerel of the samo variety was add
ed, nnd on tho fourth day following
ten eggs wero laid, seven of which
were fertile. ,
In another test, using eighteen
Rhode Island Red pullets nnd one
White Plymouth Rock cockerel, four
eggs wore laid on the seventh day, and
all wore fertile, six laid on tho eighth
day, threo being fertile. In another
test, using a pen of the samo breeds,
eight eggs were laid on tho eighth day,
all being fertile.
Theso teBts, while not conclusive,
seem to Indicate that It Is safe to save
eggs for hatching from a pen of Log
horn hens after tho malo bird has
been in four days. In tho caso of the
larger or tho general purpose fowl, tho
results show that possibly a longer
period should, bo allowed to lapse;
seven days being the time In this in
stance where the Rhode Island Reds
are used. It is possible, however, thnt
the crossing of tho breeds may havo
something to do with tho longer period.
tew lessons with turkeys
Breeder of Twenty-Two Years' Expe
rience Finds Business More Profit
able Each Year.
I havo raised turkoys for salo 22
years, and find It a moro profitable
business each year, says a writer In
tho Farm and Fireside.
I havo had to learn many lessons
by qulto an expensive routo. Ono
yenr I failed entirely by too closo In
breeding. Another year I lefmy tur
koys wander nt their own will and
roost where they pleased. Again I
nllowed somo to go up In tho trees
a hard storm blow them out and
drowned 24 beauties. Since theso les
sons I have worked differently.
I chnngo cither breeding hens or
toms every other year. I asunlly buy
a thoroughbred bronzo from somo un
related flock. I keep old hens for
breeders, and And their poults moro
healthy. Ono early turkey Is moro
profitable than threo Into ones, so I
uso tho first eggs and sell the later
ones. Chicken hens nro sot on tho
(lrst laying and tho poultry given to
tho first turkey hen that becomes
broody. Large, nlry pens or coops
with rainproof roofs aro built qulto
t. distance from the house.
Tho hens nro kept up two wcokB,
and then turned out ovcry morning,
unless tho weather becomes rainy.
Thoy havo learned to come when call
ed, and will nnswer mo from over so
far when I call "Pco turk! Como on I"
I nm novor too buBy or too tired to
get them up at tho approach of a
hard storm, and nt four o'clock In tho
evening. Thoy soon learn to como
home. After thoy aro flvo or six
weeks old I never feed nt noon.
I feed no sloppy feed, but havo good
luck with wheat or corn bread, crack
ed corn, cooked soft, wheat, mnshed
potatoes, etc.
The first two weeks aro tho moBt
particular. I glvo each poult a grain
of black pepper when It Is 24 hours
old, and a stroko of lard of vaseline
from bill to top of head.
Then a feed of hnrd-bollcd .egg, shell
and all, crushed fine, mixed with
bread soaked soft and squeezed dry
Fresh water, sand, llmo and ground
charcoal aro kept handy. They eat
of all; I never feed too much. I
never feed over four times a day,
nnd that often only a wook. Moro
turkeyB die from overfeeding than un
derfeeding. I use n flat board to
sprinkle their feed on, nnd keep It
clean. It pays to bo cleanly with tur
keys. LEGHORN HENS AS MOTHERS
Although Called NomlUers Occasion
ally One Is Found and Will
Cover Many Egos.
Although tho Leghorns nro called
nouslttcrs, thoy do sit occasionally,
and t llko them very much as moth
ers. It would hardly seom possible
that a Leghorn hen would cover more
Single-Comb Leghorn.
eggs thnn a Cochin, but it la n fact,
say a writer In an exchange Tho
Cochin's wings nro short nnd stubby,
while tho Leghorn's wings nro long
and sho will spread them over a big
ncBtful. Lust summer n Leghorn in
cubated 20 eggs for mo and hatched
19 of them. It was, howover, in tho
month of July, nnd her nest wns care
fully arranged in a basket; but I nev
er glvo them less than 15. They tako
excellent caro of their young; being
light weight, they seldom hurt a
chicks by stopping on it, and they
will light intruders fiercely.
DOULTRTNOTE1
Keep your Btock healthy, clean nnd,
:omfortnblo.
Not nil tho failures of poultry life
aro due to tho hens.
Tho first duck, eggs of tho senFon
ire hardly ever fertile.
Don't gorge tho growing chicks ono
lay and starve them the next.
Any fowl 1b liable at times to pro
duce an egg containing blood spots.
Well grown ducklings very often
will begin laying at flvo months of
ago.
Chicks llko heat, and It 1h good for
them; but thero Is a difference in
heat
Don't let chicks squeeze through
slated coops until their bodies aro de
formed. Poultry breeding as u pursuit is em
phatically a labor of love, but it 1b.
nevertheless, u labor.
lJSggS3Jl
-2-
VCIUUR P.MESBIT 1
OLD TINTYPE
He gnioil on tho oldtlmo picture
The tlntypo, faded nnd stnlncdi
And over his fnco crept shadows
That showed how hla heart was pnlned,
Twna only nn oldtlmo picture
Of him, In tho byprono days
That loom now, ever no fnlntly
Throunh memory's mellowing hoso.
He sighed o'er tho old, old plcturo,
Dented nnd, scratched nnd dim;
And smiled nt tho maiden, dimpled,
AVho imt by tho Bide of him
The mntden. dimpled nnd happy,
Who wns pictured there, nlso;
Tho maiden who held hla fingers
In tho stylo of the long ago.
Twns only nn oldtlmo plcturo.
And tnkon In oldtlmo style
Ench held the hand of tho other,
And eni.1i wore n tlntypo smile.
Ho frowned nt the oldtlmo picture,
Tho tintype, scratched and depressed
"I wonder," ho muttered grimly,
"I wonder who hns the rest."
An Exigency, Indeed.
With breathless Busponso wo wntclh
ed the bloodhounds tako up tho trail.
To our surprise thoy crossed ono
lot nnd then stopped in front of a
tumble-down hut.
"Make 'em go farther than this,"
urged tho representative of tho Dall,
Yeller.
"But this 1b tho end of tho trail,"
protested tho owner of tho dogB.
"I know, nut they haven't covered
one-third enough territory to mnko a
pngo illustration."
Modern Enterprise.
"How is this?" Inquired tho Visit
Ing Potcntntq. "You havo an oxtr
pnper on tho streets announcing my
depnrturo, when I havo just arrived.''
"Oh," was tho satisfied response of
tho editor of tho Dally Yeller, "wo is
sued nn extra day boforo yesterday
announcing your arrival."
Smile, Etc.
'Tunny nbout ' young Spondltt,
wasn't it?" said the observing man.
"Was it?" aBked tho man of an In
quiring mind,
"Yes, ho lost his money raising
Cain in Europo, and then mado an
other fortune raising cano in Loui
siana." The Voice of Experience.
Mother-ln-Law I seo whero
somo
legislator proposes to tax men
for
tholr wives. t.
Now Daughtor-In-Law That would
mako a tremendous lncrenso in tho
taxes.
Mothor-ln-Lnw YeB. For a few
years, ' .
Merely a Suggestion.
Dr. Dosom Yes, Miss U'undcr, wo
havo carried tho practlco of vaccina
tion to that point whero it is nn nb
soluto protection against smallpox.
Miss Wundor But, doctor, 1 don't
see why thoy do not vaccinate tho
smallpox germs and settle tho thing
for good.
Busy but Not Gaining.
"Well, I bo dinged!" observes Mr.
Gllmbcr, looking at tho freight cara;
"that town takes a heap o' cars, but
it hain't growed n bit In ten years."
"What town?" asks Mr. Hiimtum,
"Capa City. 1'vo seen It painted on
every froight car for n long whllo, nn
it always reads 'Capa City 35,000.' "
They Gossip.
"Although Mrs. Whooper and Mrs.
Chaffrlng have been neighbors for a
long time, they never lend each other
anything."
"Exotpt each other's cars."
Sure Thing.
"Thero is ono man I want to noo pad
dle his own ennoo."
"Who Is that?"
"Tho man who thinks it funny to
rock the boat."
What He Objected To.
Visiting Chaplain Ah, my brother,
this world Is full of trials. .
Prisoner Oh, dry up, guv'nor!
Think I dunno that? It isn't tho trials
J I mind j it's tbo verdlotB. Sketch.
rr - cP Sri y g. y
n? 2E IPl SHI "y T) vf
!