THE SEMI-WEEKLY TRIBUNE
IltA L. BAKE, Publisher.
TERMS, U.2G IN ADVANCE.
AORTH PLATTE,
NEBRASKA
H0LIDAY8 AND THEIR U8ES.
When it first occurred to nny ono to
eclcbrato an event or commemorate a
person, by cessation from toll and glvi
lng up a day to Idleness, amusement,
and festivity, is not known, but it
must have been early in tho history
of social evolution. In tho savage
stato of existence men lived from
hand to mouth, and wero obliged to
hunt or fish every day to got their liv
ing. In a moro advanced stage, when
tillage of tho soil becamo gonor.nl,
when tho year's crops wero garnered
pnd stored, thcro carao a time when,
work could ho Intermitted, and it wan;
doubtless then that tho first holiday
waB instituted. It was natural to slg-.
nallzo tho annual ripening and gath
ering of tho fruits of tho earth by)
some sort of rejoicing, and It was nat
ural, too, that the manifestation of re
newed life in tho spring should re
ceive similar recognition. These au
tumn and spring festivals may bo call
ed tho natural holidays. Once holidays
were started, it is not strange that
they grew in number, Bays tho Cincin
nati Enqulror. It is for most a world
of toll and sweat and grime that we
llvo in, and an occasional break ac
companied by a llttlo recreation and
cbango of mental and physical envir
onment, Is necessary and salutary.
Consequently all sorts of occasions
and events were availed of to mako
holidays.
WASTE OF IRRIGATION
Much Loss Can Be Avoided
Preparation of Ground.
by
Much Dreaded Evaporation Can De
Avoided by Using Water In Reser
voir During Early Months and
Then Filling Again.
IRRIGATION NEEDED IN EAST
Present education, though very far
from presenting an unmpromlslng
aspect, shows glaring Inefficiencies
that should bo looked at squarely so
that they, may bo removed. For In
stanco, a very largo proportion of tho
public Bchool teachers in tho country
aro minors, and less than half of thorn,
havo had any special or adequate prop-
f ration for teaching; In several states
rom 20 to 30 per cent, of them evory,
year aro beginners; and in tho host
states tho averago length of sorvico
Is less than four years. Tho averago
wage of all public school teachers In
tho United States, including tho tench
era In all our cities is fl.GO a day for
tho working days of tho wholo year
less than $500 per annum; or less
than $10 a week, says tho World's
Work. Tho averago pay" in cloven
states Is less than $400; In eight
Btatcs, It is lesB than $300; in two
states, less than $2G0.
Eggs havo been hatched In Egypt In
ovens for hundreds of years. Incuba
tors that hold from 30,000 to 60,000
eggs aro still in existence, whero for
gonoratlons about 70 por cent of each
heating havo boon successfully batch
ed. Egypt Is a great exporter of eggs,
as many as 83,000,000 eggs having
been shipped from that ancient land
In ono winter. Even in this country
it would bo considered a very largo
undertaking to bandlo an incubator
largo enough for 00,000 eggs. In Egypt
thoy do tho trick in brick ovens -which
aro heated for ten days and then re
quire no moro attention.
Whllo digging tho foundations for a
hospital to bo built at Neuchatel,
workmen lately discovered a beautiful
vault constructed of bronzo, which
Swiss scientists stato was built 600
years before the birth of Josus Christ.
In tho tomb was tho Bkeloton of a
young woman, whoso bones wero still
In a natural position. On tho wrists
wero six bracelets, four in bronzo and
two In lignite, and near tho skeleton
was a llttlo bronzo bell.
Is dl8caso spreading from public
laundries? Tho quostton has been un
dergoing debate in New York forborne
tlmo. A physician suggests that all
possibility of danger may bo nvortod
by thoroughly moistening tho contents
of packages with a disinfectant solu
tion as soon as they arrlvo In tho laun
dry. This practlco, ho says, Is fol
lowed in England. There is a general
conviction among men in tho laundry
businoss that thorough disinfection re
sults from tho subjection of tho artl
cles to tho process of steaming and
washing.
How much water did you waste dur
ing tho last :roIous run? "Didn't
waste any not a drop got out of my
field." This may be true nnd still
you wasted wator. It went down In
stead of off and whenever water
soaks down one, two, yes, even five
.feet In spots, It Is wasted. This can
only bo avoided hy more careful prep
aration of tho ground. In California I
found tho bottom and sides of many
supply latoralB cemented and tho
fields wero prepared nB carefully as a
lawn tennis ground In Colorado. This
was true oven In tho alfnlfa fields.
Tho old middle furrows and back fur
rows wero entirely obliterated, men
worked over tho fields with hand grad
ers aftor the levels had been used, and
'.every depression wbb filled and every
knoll leveled. Tho result was that
'when wnter was turned on it spread
as on a floor.
In Colorado tho Irrigator Is waiting
'half the tlmo for his head of water to
'wet up the high spots, forgetting that
jail this tlmo tho wator is Injuring tho
jcrop on tho low apotB and will In time
ruin the land. When we got down to
thorough intensive farming and gar
dening our wholo country will change
Its nature nnd nppearance. I mean by
this lntenslvo alfalfa crops, Intcnslvo
wheat and oats, as well as intensive
gardening, writes D. C. Roberts In tho
Denver Field and Farm. This
will require tho brenklng up of our
big ranches Into 10, 20 nnd 40-acro
lots, with a man working Intensely
on every five or ton acres, and this
will also require a moro constant sup
ply of water not moro water neces
sarily, but moro frequent runs.
With our present water facilities
kept In good repair nnd under careful
supervision, there la no excuse for
lack of water oven In tho dryest sea
sons, Some water should bo In tho
canal all tho tlmo during tho planting
nnd seod'ng months of spring. If a
reservoir Is filled In winter there Is
no need of lotting- It seep nnd evnp-
orato during tho hot season use It up
flrat -sny In April nnd May. It can
bo again filled In .luno for August Ir
rigation, lly this moaitH tho dreaded
evaporation so much talked about
could bo avoided. All we need to
mako this fair and rich lay of Innd
blossom as tho roso Is a i little prac
tical management.
I often wonder why peoplo do not
mulch moro In their gardens and
around lawn shrubs and plants. The
benefits nre two-fold. First, If ma
nure Is used It lenches Into the soil
nnd fertilizes It. Second. It keeps tho
surfneo roots moist and hence vigor
ous. In tho hot sandy lands of Flor
ida ndvantnge Is taken In n slnVllar
manner by piling leaves weighted
down around tho plants, thus conserv
ing the moisture as well as protect
ing tho roots from tho excessive heat
of tho sun. An excellent way to keep
strawberry plants productive nnd
thrifty is to mako quite deep furrows
between tho rows and fill them with
strawy stablo manure well tramped
down. This will keep down tho weodB
as well as fertilize tho plants nnd tho
same rule applies qulto ns well to all
tho bush fruits.
Water can ho run through tho rows
slowly or If by hose, can be sprayed
thoroughly. Clean straw or boards
can bo put closely nround tho straw
borry plants to keep tho berries from
sanding. I see a few Plngreo farms
In our town lots, but wish to seo moro
of them. Tho llttlo back yard 25x100
feet will produce strawberries, rasp
berries, peas, beans, lettuce, onions,
asparagus, rhubarb, for a good-sized
family and thon tho fun Is thrown In
extra. Who does not enjoy tho early
morning Inspection to see how much
tho plants have grown during tho
night, what now seeds havo gcrml
nntcd and tho prospect of those de
licious meals all from one's own gar
den. And 1 must not forget the delect
ablo radish, never good unless pulled
fresh from tho ground and tnken with
out delay to the brenkfast table. To
the man who will do these- things I
want to repeat the Irishman's toast,
".May you live to eat the chicken that
scratches over your grave."
Many Farmers In Humid Portion of
Country Assured of Profitable
Crops by New Method.
If n farmer could at a reasonable ex
penso secure nn insurance, policy,
guaranteeing him nn Indemnity against
loss of his crops through drought,
thcro would bo thousands who would
Jump at tho chance. The chance is
here, explain officials of the depart
ment of agriculture, but the number
who take advantago of It are fow.
In tho east and more humid portions
of tho United States whore land val
ues are high, tho lntenslvo system of
agriculture Is rapidly replacing tho ex
tensive. A system of mixed ' hus
bandry has been largely replaced by
special branches of farming. Tho many
thriving manufacturing cities and
towns thnt are being built up havo
caused a great demand for fruit and
vegetables. Tho high valuo per aero
and the active nnd increasing demand
for fresh fruits and vegetables have
Induced many farmers to enter upon
the production of these crops, nnd they
are tho ones who need crop Insurance.
This can bo secured through the es
tablishment of a simple irrigation
plant.
Whero the cost of cultivation Is
large the losses from drought are folt
all tho moro severely, as the expenses
nro esesntlally tho sa'mo whether a
half crop or a full ono Is harvested.
Losses of from one to two hundred
dollars per acre uh a result of a few
weeks' drought aro not uncommon In
tho east. The experience of practical
men nnd experiments by a number of
the state stations indlcnto that an in
vestment in nn Irrigation plant where
market garden crops and small fruits
aro grown will pay exceptionally good
Interest.
Mr. Milo D. Williams of tho depart
ment of agriculture, who is in charge
of Irrigation Investigations In tho hu
mid region, has compiled a tabic show
ing tho number of days when Irriga
tion wns required during the ton years
from 1900 to 1909, inclusive, In repre
sentative points in the humid region.
For Instance, at Ames, la., irrigation
was necessary 190 dnyB during this
period; Oshkosh, Wis., 292 days; Vine
land, N. J., 3C2 dnyB; Columbia, S. C,
5C8 days, and Solma, Ala., 724 days.
Mr. Williams nrrlves at UiIb conclu
sion by determining that crops need
wnter after every dry period of not
less than 15 days, so that each and
every dny Included In tho table repre
sents periods that tho drought extend
ed over tho 15-day period.
Whllo tho humid region farmer has
not tho largest water supplies that
may bo avallabld for tho arid land
farmer, ho hns muny smaller streams
which may bo developed cheaply.
Streams varying in bIzo from creeks
to largo rivers aro usually avallablo
for pumping purposes; ponds and
lakes havo fow other uses than for ir
rigation.
Tho procoss of applying water to
crops by distributing it through the
Holds under pressure u'hlch will spray
It into tho air and let It fall like a
gentle rain has great possibilities in
tho humid region. A spray system
will distribute wator evonly over the
surfneo of rough or rolling lands, re
gardless of soil or underground condi
tions. Crops completely covering tho
ground can in this way be Irrigated
without damage. Spray Irrigation Is
also well adapted to those humid con
ditions which demand small and fre
quent applications of wator in the
preparation of the soils for setting out
young plnnts nnd keeping thorn grow
ing through the dry spell, or for soft
ening tho surfneo to old In weeding
and cultivation.
Investigations mado by Mr. WilllamB
havo demonstrated that irrigation is
profitable for truck, berrlos and other
high-priced crops In. all parts of the hu
mid region, as woll as for citrus fruits
In Florida, There aro but fow years,
ho says, when increased yiold for such
crops ns strawberries, celery, etc.,
would not pay tho Interest on tho first
cost and tho depreciation of tho plant,
whllo In such years as 1910 and 1911,
when many sections wore without rain
for two months, tho yields for a single
year might ho sufficient to jmy for tne
entire system.
GIRDLER ATTRACTS ATTENTION
AS ENEMY OF THE GRAPEVINE
Plants Cuused to Present Ragged Appearance on Account
of Dead Tips Resulting From Attack of Insect
Has Been Found in Several States From
Missouri to Pennsylvania.
A Now York husband, sued for di
vorce, characterizes his wife's mother
as-like to ono of tho knitting women
of the French gulllotlno, says tim
Scrooge was an angel of light com
pared to her father, that tho mombora,
of her family collectively aro worship
pers of tho goldon calf nnd that bis,
wife herself Is a reincarnation of Ju
das Iscarlot. Ono can ensily Imagine
what kind of n grand, swoot song mar
riago was in that happy homo.
Tho Princo of WaleB has shocked,
expectation and precedent by making
a prolonged stay in Paris, as many
other princes havo done, but without
furnishing a scrap of tho Interesting
copy usually accompanying princely
visits.
Ideal Place for Chickens.
The ideal place to raise chickens is
on nn alfnlfa or clover patch, or at
tho end of n corn, mangel or turnip
patch, whero inBect life Is fairly
abundant. Chickens rnlsed on freo
rnngo with hens or with broodors will
always bo healthy, strong nnd vigor
ous, and they develop quicker than
those raised on a limited range.
A London Inventor hna discovered
a way to apply brakes and stop a
train by wireless. Now he may go to
work to soek a way to clow the open
switch by the same method.
High-Class Ewes Best.
Why not buy a couple of high-class
owes? A fow years nonce you will bo
nblo to glvo your boy a nice llttlo
Hock of owes, In tho mennwhllo rals
lng your own rams, selling tho sur
plus to your neighbors, doing a llt
tlo missionary work, and they cost no
moro to raise than tho kind thnt aro
Just "sheep."
"Exclamatory" Was Right.
Mrs. Mason's colored washerwoman,
Martha, was complaining of her hus
band's health.
"Why, Is ho sick, Martha?" asked
Mrs. Mason.
"Ho'b ve'y po'ly, ma'am, po'ly," an
swered tho woman. "He's got tho ox
clamatory rheumatism."
"You mean inflammatory, Martha,"
Bald tho patron. "Exclamatory mean
to cry out."
"YeB, ma'nm," replied Martha, with,
conviction; "dat's what It is. Ho hol
lers all tho tlmo." Judgo.
Real Problem.
"Do you think wo can defeat thla
man?" asked tho campaign manager.
"Yes," replied Senator Sorghnm,
"but I won't bo satisfied with that.
What I want to hand hlrn Is soma
kind of a defeat that he won't bo ablo
to use as a personal advertisement
for futuro business."
Cole's Onrhnllanlvc
Relieves nnd cured Itching, torturing dls
easeR of the skin nnd raucoux membrane.
A superior Pile Cure. 25 nnd 50 cents, by
drugglHtH. Kor freo nample write to J. W.
Cole A Co.,
, Black Hirer Fnllfc, Wis.
In the eyes of a silly girl clothes
mako a mighty poor specimen of a
man look like tho real thing.
Red Cross Ball Blue, nil blue, best bluing
value In the wholt- arid, makes the laun
dress smile.
And many a father loses all Inter
est In the prohibition movement when
the baby cries for water at 2 n. m.
LEWIS' Slnglo Blndor clgnr; sixteen yean
on tho market and ulwuys tbu same rich
satisfying quality.
Not every fortune hunter Is a good
shot
The Grapecane Glrdler. a, Egg; b, Larva; c, Pupa; d, Adult; e, Beetle Gird
ling the Cane Just Below Its Egg-Chamber. The Upper One of the Twin
Holes In the Center of tho Cane Contains the Egg. All Greatly Enlarged.
Best Showing of Cow.
Tho lest showing n dairy cow can
make Is a high rating under tho Han
cock test.
Select Gilts for Breeding.
Now Is the time to Belect some
choice gilts for brood sows.
Tho supply of good 1,500 to 1,800
pound work horses Is alwayB behind
tho demand.
For horses doing a considerable
amount of road work thero la no
grain equal to oats.
A properly trained horse will stop
ns soon as anything goes wrong with
the harness or his shoes.
A cow producing averago testing
milk should ylold from 7.000 to 8,000
pounds of milk In a year.
Deal gently with tho cow of ner
vous temporament. Sho usually 1b
ono of the best In your herd.
OentlcnesB nnd patience with the'
holfer that has calved for tho first
time will win out evory tlmo
Tho weeder Is a most effectlvo tool
In that it takes every small weed in
its path as well us to pulverize many
small clods.
Tho pig Is moroly a meat-producing
machine, and tho moro he Is fed
with good Judgment, of courso tho
moro meat ho will turn over.
Kwcs thnt nro broad and long will
mako good mothere and produce vig
orous offspring, in this wny lambs
of a better typo will bo produced.
Tho ducks aro ensily confined with
a low fence; thoy rarely fly over a
fence, though they will crawl under
a very small opening. They need
clean, dry straw to sleep on.
(By FUED 13. BROOKS, "West Virginia
Experiment Station.)
The grapecano glrdler Is an insect
not often mentioned In entomological
literature, probably for tho reason that
In tho pnst It seems to havo confined
its attacks chiefly to the plant known
as Virginia creeper or five-leafed ivy,
ampclopslB qulnquefolla, and has
seemed, therefore, of but llttlo eco
nomic Importance. In this state it ap
pears now to havo developed a prefer
ence for tho grape. In several locali
ties I havo seen grapevines presenting
a ragged appearance on account of tho
dead tips resulting from tho Insect's
attacks, but I havo never been ablo to
find cither tho beetle or evidences of
its work on ampelopsls.
Tho species cannot now bo regarded
ns n pest of very serious consequence,
except in rare Instances, but it haa
several times attracted attention ns an
enemy of tho grape in this stato dur
ing recent years, and heretofore but
llttlo has been known in regard to Its
habits.
Tho distribution of tho species
seema to bo qulto general throughout
tho enstarn and mid-western sections
of tho United States. In 1862 Mr. C.
V. Riley, in his first report on tho nox
ious insects of Missouri, mentioned it
ns forming galls on tho common creep
er. At nbout the samo time Mr. Benj.
D. WalBh had specimens of tho insect
in his collection in Illinois, marked
"Madarus ampelopsls." It was not un
til tho year 1876 that a deocrlptlon
of tho beetlo was published. In that
year Dr. John L. LeConto described it
in his work on tho Rhynchophora of
America, and gnvo to it the name
which It still bears. Lo Conte gives
its geographical distribution ns "south
ern and western states.' Since tho
description was published tho species
haB received but Infrequent and brief
notice, but has been recorded aB oc
curring In several states from Mis
souri to Pennsylvania.
Tho wound which tho beetlo makes
In ovipositing causes tho tip and
tcrminnl leaves on tho young cane to
drop over and die, nnd shortly after
ward to fall from the vine. Tho egg
1b not carried to tho ground with the
primings when thoy fall, but It re
mains In tho vine, and tho larva which
develops therefrom feeds In tho heart
of tho stump from which tho leaves
and tip wero removed.
It Is Interesting to compare tho
methods of this Insect with thoso of
other species that glrdlo twigs or
small branches In order to kill or part
ly kill tho wood In which their eggs
nro lnld and their larvao aro to feed.
Tho "hickory twlg-glrdler," Oncl
dcres cingulnta, a "long-homed" bee
tle, lays Its eggs In tho branches of
hickory and other trees and then gir
dles tho branch below, by cutting a
deep groove with its strong Jaws so
that tho branch nbovo dies and 1b fre
quently broken off by tho wind. Tho
"elm twlg-glrdler," Oboren ulmlcola,
n beetlo of tho samo family, attacks
olm In a similar manner. Tho femalo
cutB a deep groovo around a twig so
that it is easily broken off by tho
wind. Delow tho groovo sho cuts a slit
In tho bark and deposits nn egg and
then moves further down tho twig and
girdles it a Bocond time, now merely
cutting through tho bark so as to dead
en tho part above. Another species of
tho samo genus, known aB tho "black
berry cane-glrdler," Oberca blmacu-
lata, cuts a double girdle and lays nn
egg between the two, In a similar man
ner, In tho young canes of blackberry
and raspberry. Still another "long
horned" beetle, tho "oak-pruner," Ela
phldlon vlllosum, lays its eggs in tho
branches of oak nnd other trees but
leaves tho girdling to bo done by its
larvae. In this case the larva feeds in
tho heart of tho twig until It Is nearly
full grown and then cuts tho twig al
most off at the lower end of Its bur
row. Immediately after the cut is
mado it retreats into tho burrow above
and waits for tho wind to blow tho
twig to tho ground, where It completes
Its transformation within tho burrow.
Tho adult of tho "raspberry cane
maggot," a two-winged fly of the genus
Phorbla, lays Its egg near tho tips of,
ypung raspberry shoots. Tho larva
which hatches enters tho cano and
after working its wny downward for
soveral inches it encircles tho shoot
several times, with a spiral groovo
made Just beneath the bark, which
kills the shoot above, and tho larva
feeds thereafter on tho dead wood.
Tho "currant stem-glrdlcr," Janus in
tiger, a saw-fly, punctures the bark of
currant bushes near tho endB of grow
ing tips with Us saw-liko ovipositor
and lays an egg in the orifice. Just
nbovo the egg, it girdles tho twig by
making Bcveral deep cuts with Its ovi
positor so that tho twig breaks over.
Tho larva which develops from tho
egg feeds on tho pith of tho stump.
Thcro aro other species that operate
In a similar manner, but the ones that
havo been mentioned will servo to
show that tho peculiar habit, In one
form or another, Is shared by insects
belonging to widely separated groups.
It is interesting that bo many species,
which In most respects do not resem
ble each other In tho least and which
represent at least three orders, havo
adopted some form of this peculiar
way of providing for tho safety and
comfort of their progeny.
WHERE DOCTOR
FAILED TO HELP
Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegeta
ble Compound Restored
Mrs. Green's Health
Her Own Statement.
P & W J
ERADICATION OF
THE GRASSHOPPER
Ohio Station Gtvea Formula tot
Muklnjr Poiaoned Bran
Mash for Uco In the
Gardons.
Covington, .Mo. " Your medicine has
done me more good than nil the doc
tor s medicines. At
every monthly period
I had to stay in bed
four days because of
hemorrhages, and
my back was so weak
I could hardly walk.
I have been takinj
Lydia E. Pinkham's
Vegetable Com
pound and now I can
stay up and do my
work. I think it is
the best medicine on earth for women. "
Mrs. Jennie Green, Covington, Mo.
How Mrs. Cllno Avoided
Operation.
Brownsville, Ind. "I can say that
Lydia E.Pinkhnm's Vegetable Compound
has done me more good than anything
else. One doctor said I must be operai
ted upon for a serious femalo trouble
and that nothing could help me but an
operation.
"I had' hemorrhages nnd at timc
could not get any medicine to stop them.
I got in such a weak condition that I would
have died if I had not got relief soon.
"Several women who had taken your
Compound, told me to try it and I did
and found it to be tho right medicine to
build up the system nnd overcome,
female troubles.
"I am now in great deaK better health
than I cvor expected to be, so I think I
ought to thank ydu for it. "Mrs. O. M.
Clone, S. Main St, Brownsville, Ind.
Your Liver
Is Clogged Up
That. Why You're Tired Out of SorU
Ha-re No Appetite.
CARTER'S LITTLE.
LIVER PILLS
will put you right
in a ww days.
They do
their duty.
Cure Con
Ktination.
--- -- -. .. - . , . .. ...
Biliousness, Indigestion ana sick weaaacno
SS1ALL PILL, SMALL bOSE, SMALL PRICK.
Genuine must bear Signature
&&Uc&frz-zg
JBHarteIT
iHETZHV oaVITTI F
jFMmr iivER
AHHn dim;
ST 1 I
The Ohio station advises that for
protecting gardens nnd limited areas
from tho attacks of grasshoppers,
good results aro usually obtained
from using a poisoned bran mash, pre
pared as follows:
Stir together, while dry, two pounds
of parls green and 25 pounds of bran,
then moisten with wnter that has been
sweetened with molasses or dissolved
sugar, making a wet bu not sloppy
mash.
For plants set about threo feet
sugar, making a wet by not slopf.
each way, uso a tablespoonful near
each plant, or the mash may bo sown
over tho flold broadcast. Ono treat
ment should not cost over per acre,
labor not included. Keep the poultry
away from tho poison.
Moderate Litters.
It is really better to kill a fow plge
at birth rather than compel tho stfw
to raise so many. The pigs do not
grow well and the bow gets poor.
n AIC.V PI Y Wlf 1 FT p" "f!T
an.ua . u. am.bi.... tCU ata allll
aii
fll.i. Neat. -lean oe
narnentaJ, conTeal.nl
cheap, la.tt alt
mid lladl o
metal, cant iplll or tip
oTeri will not aoll or
Injur anything-.
Uuarantetd etrectlT.
Gold by deelorBo.
test prepaid for II.
BAROLB aOMIBI. 1(9 Balb At... Brooklyn, 21. T
Nebraska Directory
attention All supplies for tin' Amateur nrk-tl
freah. Send lor catalogue unil nnlHbmn price.
THE ROBERT DEMPSTER CO.
1813 Farnam Stroot. Omaha, Nobr.
BROWNELL HALL
OMAHA, NEBRASKA
Certificate adailta to Smith, Vansar, and
Wellealey Colleges. Advanced CVnmra for
High School Graduates. Doruenio Art and
Domestlo Science. Special advantages in Ex-
Breulon, l'lano, and Voice, (lyuitiartum and
ut-door Sport. For cutalorue lulUretis Ui
Principal, suss uumr.iiiA Johnson.