NOTES aS-MEftDOWBROOK
BEST BREEDS OF CATTLE FOR
PRODUCING PROFITABLE BEEF
Do Not Try to Mix tlio Breeds and for Best Results Only
Ono Kind Should to Kept Shorthorn, Hereford
and Aberdeen Angus Will Uso Surplus
Feed to Good Advantage.
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Grain raising robs tho soil.
Novor overfeed an Idle horso.
Filthy hoifses encourage vermin.
' Keep tho old and young pigs sepa
rate, i
Kerosene 1b an excellent remedy
ifor Bcaly leg.
Tho bIIo Is tho cheapest farm build
ing we can erect.
Better too much working of butter
than not enough.
It requires a keen sight to detect
signs of falling pusture.
It Is absolutely necessary to keep
your fertility on your farm.
i Wheat and oats mako ono of tho
best general diets for fowls.
In mixed farming tho Income from
the dairy la the most reliable.
Comfortable shelter goes a long
way towards making dairying pay.
Cultivate vegetables and flowers
when tho weather Is hot and tho soil
dry.
It Is not uncommon for a Bermuda
lily grower to plant 15,000 bulbB at ono
time.
An old boot-leg makes an effective
device for keeping botflies off horses'
noses.
The horso cannot rest while fight
ing flie3. Better shade or screon the
barn windows.
For aphis on sweet peas, use Insect
iPowder or tobacco dust, applying with
a small bellows.
To securo a good brood sow, an
even development Is required from pig
brood to full maturity.
Hay stacked In the open loses 20
,per cent, of Its value by spoiling on
tho Bides and bottom.
Five or six poundB of corn aro usual
ly required to produce a pound of
pork In dry-lot feeding.
As soon as tho corn la up, or even
.before, go over the field with a weed
or or smoothing harrow.
Somo gardeners make the mistake
of laylng-by such crops as early po
tatoes and tomatoes too soon.
Celery delightB in a low, rich, heavy,
moist soil and 1b usually grown upon
tho samo land year after year.
It does not pay to dovoto high
prlcod land, for long periods, to pas
turago and tho production of hay.
Time to get the mower In shape for
the haying season which Is so rapidly
approaching. Sharpen up the knlvos.
Don't push tho fat horso on hot
days either In tho fields or on road.
Once overheated he loses half his
value.
Prime fat lambs cannot be produced
by alternate grass and grain. They
must be pushed to lay on fat from
start to finish.
The Httlo chlcka do best on corn
bread mado of sour milk, soda and
cracked corn. They should bo fed on
something clean.
Unlike other poultry, tho turkey has
,never been thoroughly domesticated,
but has remained practically a wild
bird in its requlromnts.
Fenco posts of wood that last3 only
four or five years can be mado to last
20 years by standing two hours In a
tank of boiling creosote.
The largo tomato worms can bo de
stroyed quickest by hand picking.
Thoy can bo easily killed by throw
ing with forco to tho ground.
Insect pesta that destroy or lnjuro
tho fruit crop may be controlled In a
largo measure with tirjely applica
tions of tho various spray mixtures.
Thoro la many a dairy former who
Is working hard to feed 20 cows when
10 of them would glvo him Just as
much milk and possibly moro profit.
Tho testing association Is tho index
that points to prosperity along this
line.
Goslings aro very little troublo If
given plenty of rango, plenty of water
and green food. Tho Httlo birds will
mako rapid growth on wator, grass
and a Httlo cracked corn. For tho
first few days tho goslings should be
fed nothing but grass and water.
K53
Tho olio makos feed cheap.
Keep only thoroughlyed stock.
A dlbblo Is a handy garden tool.
Sort eggs according to slzo and
color.
Curry tho filth from tho cow'a coat
beforo milking.
Lato cabbage is a good crop to fol
low early potatoes.
Let nlno milkings pass before using
a freah cow's milk.
Cabbago Is ono of tho vory best
vegetables to feed to poultry.
High quality of cream can bo pro
duced from clean, puro milk.
Better uso Is mado of ground than
of whole grain by tho dairy cows.
Do not allow the stall whoro tho
cow must stand or Ho to get filthy.
Novor offer a poor pound of butter
for sale; rather feed It to tho pigs.
Silago and alfalfa combined mako
tho foundation for tho best dairy ra
tion. Woven wlro fenco Is being bought
by tho mile Instead of by tho rod
now.
Tho coming of tho silo is developing
somo now high records for high-priced
beef.
The socrct of successful stack build
ing is to keep the mlddlo full and well
tramped.
Tho calf should havo plenty of wa
ter to drink and it should always bo
clean and pure.
Manure is ono of tho by-products
of tho dairy farmer and it represents
a decided profit.
Many practical hog raisers are now
using artificial wallows, built of either
cemont or lumber.
If winter dairying is to be tho most
profitablo it must bo planned for def
initely in advance.
Any man who will strllco a horso
in-the head should never be allowed
to touch one again.
Keep tho laying hens working. To
do this feed them at daybreak and
Just beforo sundown.
Hogs follow tho rows and tramp
down less of tho rapo If It 1b drilled
Instead of broadcasted.
If you want a lasting cement use
molted alum. It hardens at onco and
water does not affect It.
The poorer tho cream tho faster
should be the speed of tho churn
slower where cream la rich.
A man cannot work on boiled tur
nips alone; neither can a horse work
on a diet of straw and fodder.
The best location for tho warm
weather chicks is in tho orchard,
and tho trees also protect th6ra from
storms. .
Forage crops added to tho grain ra
tion cut the cost of pork making 20
to 30 per cent., says F. O. King, Pur
due station.
On an averago Great Britain yields
30 bushels of wheat to the acre; Now
South Wales, 15; tho Unltod States, 12,
and Russia, 8.
Young fruit trees that were planted
in the autumn of last year, or In the
spring of this year, should bo ex
amined carefully.
Cowpeas sown In corn and tho en
tiro crop pastured down by hogs gives
one of tho vory host returns that can
bo secured from farm land.
A few trees in the poultry yard aro
to bo desired at this season, hut if tho
yard is devoid of trees It Is easy to
arrango for artificial shade.
Breeding stock should novor bo
saved from a litter of a vicious old
brood bow which is always restless
and chasing about tho pasture.
Only about one grape seedling In
100 is worth further testing. A 1 to
100 shot offers enough chanco to mako
It Interesting to grapo enthusiasts.
Do not allow tho stall where tho
cow has to stand or lie to get filthy.
It Is not only uncomfortablo for tho
cow, but unhoalthy for her and tho
family that drinks her milk.
Never let young chickens perch un
til their breastbone can enduro tho
strain, as crooked breastbone de
creases a fowl's market as well as
breeding value considerably.
Tho successful swlno grower
studies the form and tho general
makeup of the Ideal hog, thus gottlng
a clear conception of what constitutes
healthy, strong, money-making pork
ers, and then select and breed to that
ideal.
Spray twice for peaches first when
the husk Is about half off, with arsen
ate of lead nlono or arsenate of lead
nnd self-boiled lime-sulphur solution,
and the second spraying about 10 days
later with tho self-bollcd lime-sulphur
and arsenate of lead. ,
A Hereford
(By W. G. CHUISMAN.)
All cattle are divided into or fall
into certain classes acordlng to tho
work they do to best ndvantago. In
other words, tho disposition thoy mako
of tho feed they consume over and
above tho amount needed for main
tenance determines this class.
When we tako into consideration
that cattle aro only machines for con
verting hay, fodder and grains into,
somo product for human food, and
they aro the only machines or fac
tories known that will convert thoso
materials into beef, milk, butter and
cheese, we get a much clearer concep
tion of tho real meaning of beef cat
tle, milk cattle or butter cattle.
By beef cattle wo mean thoso types
of cattle which will uso their surplus
feed to best advantage In tho manu
factrue of beef. Of tills type wo havo
threo prominent breeds: Shorthorn,
Hereford and Aberdeen Angus. While
Aberdeen-Angus Champion.
theso aro tho threo leading beef
breeds, there aro others, such as Red
Poll and Devon. By somo writers tho
Red Poll nnd Devon aro classed as
dual purpose; but for tho present wo
will consider them beef breeds.
Of tho threo breeds mentioned first,
wo can scarcely sayno Is better than
the other, for they belong on the samo
plane. It is a matter of choice or
preference with each man for himself,
which ho Hkea beBt, and then that be
comes tho best for him. Every ono
of us will give our best attention and
efforts to tho things we llko best.
Therefore the breed of cattlo wo like
beat will glvo us best results and be
comes best for us.
Tho two remaining breeds aro good
and in somo sections aro very popular,
but for strictly beef purposes aro
rather small and have a tendency
toward the dairy formation.
When we go Into tho business of
producing beef wo want tho breed of
cattlo that will produce that product
at the least cost and In tho greatest
quantities. Then It behooves us to
select ono of tho best breeds. I Bay
one of the best breeds, and I mean
ono. Do not mako tho mistake that so
DENMARK'S COW
TESTING CLUBS
Co Operative Anaociatlona Are
Rupldly Incroanlns
Stringent Rulco or
Munazement.
Tho cc-ojerativo cow tCBtlng asso
ciations of Denmark havo rapidly In
creased to about 500 associations. A
man Is employed by each association
to visit the farms and do tho testing
every three weeks. He weighs tho
milk and kops an accurate record of
tho feed consumed, so tho not profit
per year of euch Individual cow can
bo ascertained.
Two Copenhagen milk companies
hnndlo over 100,000 pounds of milk a
day, all of which is produced under
veterinary inspection and In accord
ance with strict rules laid down by
tho company.
Inspectors boo that every producer
lives up to theso rules, which requiro
cleanliness at every step.
As soon as drawn, tho milk must
bo cooled and kept below 50 degrees
Fahrenheit; tho slightest off ilavot
may cause tho bottling plant to refuse
tho milk.
Then it Is pasteurized at 180 de
grees, cooled to below 50 degrees and
put into small-necked bottles scaled
with corks or expanded pulp covers.
Milk Bold in bulk is sent out in
largo sealed cans from which It may
bo drawn only through a faucet, over
which must appear a statement of Its
quality
Champion.
many havo dono and think that you
can produce bettor stccra by breeding
together two breeds than pure-bred
Bteers of cither ono. Just remember
whenever you breed together two dis
tinct breeds you aro producing grades
of both breeds and going down hill.
Again, when you breed together two
distinct breeds you nro much moro
apt to conllno tho poor qualities of
both breeds in tho offspring. As nn
example, nnd ono that Is commonly
practiced, if you breed a Holstclncow,
which produces a largo quantity of
milk but poor In butter fat, to a Jer
sey bull, a breed which produces a
small quantity of milk and rich In but
ter fat, you aro very likely and most
apt to produce a heifer that will pro
duce a small amount of milk, tho char
acter inherited fYom tho sire, and that
little poor In butter fat, tho character
from tho dam Tho reverso is your
desire, but you may bo disappointed.
Knowing theso things, and also be
ing ablo to buy tho puro-breds of any
breed wo many fancy, lot us act
wisely In tho matter and purchase our
foundation stock of puro breeding.
Surely, if wo wanted a plow wo would
not go to tho Btoro or factory nnd buy
a Syracuse beam, an Oliver chill mold
board, a South Bend landslldo and a
Mount Joy point, nnd go homo on tho
back porch, tako a clawhammer and
a monkey-wrench to nmko a plow of
theso parts. Well, It la Just aa ab
surd to think wo can mako tho differ
ent breeds of cattlo fit together and
do tho desired work well.
I tako it wo do not expect to rniso
beef cattlo, or any others for that
matter, except for tho profit thoy glvo
us In consuming tho products of our
own farm, converting them Into beef
and establishing n now channel
through which to market theso prod
ucts. Then, if this is our desire, do as wo
would in purchasing a pleco of ma
chinery for any other purpose buy
tho machine that was manufactured
for that particular purpose, and buy
tho best. Tho beBt Is tho ono that will
do most satisfactorily tho greatest'
amount of work and at tho least cost
I am a great believer in beef cattlo
when we can mnke them consumo our
farm crops at market price and savo
tho troublo of hauling theso away.
Unless wo can figuro market pricoa
for our crops fed at homo, then tho
feeding or raising of cattlo becomes a
burden and not a profitablo business.
Yco, they should do moro than this.
Thoy should mako us a profit abovo
all cost of feed, labor and Incidents
which always enter Into any business
pioposition or venture.
In this way aklm, ono-hnlf Bklm,
whole milk and cream may bo put out
by tho samo wagon at prices varying
according to tho quality without dan
ger of the purchaser being defrauded.
All this milk is of tho nnmo high
sanitary standard. Thirty pounds of
Ico must bo provided for evsry eleven
gallons of milk produced.
Thero aro 1,100 co-oporativo and 300
private creameries in Denmark. Theso
manufacture over 200,000,000 pounds
of butter a year, eighty per cent of
which Ib exported to Great Britain. In
summer tho milk Is delivered twice a
day nnd in winter once.
Stringent rules nro laid down In ro
gard to cooling tho milk on tho farm
nnd In not mixing morning's and
night's milk. All fooda which may
Impart an objectlonablo flavor to tho
milk nro forbidden.
Tho creameries aro compelled by
law to pasteurize all skim milk by
heating to 180 degrees beforo It leaves
tho creamery, to prevent tho spread of
tuberculosis through this medium.
Market Gardeners,
Market gardeners who plant about
tho samo acrengo every year faro bet
ter than thoso who vnry tho acreage
so much from year to year, Thero la
too much of a tendency on many
fnrms to plnnt a vegetable largely ono
year and then reduce tho ncroago tho
following year because prices were un
satisfactory. When tho average price
of any of our Important vegetables
such as tomatoes and cabbage, is tak
en for a series of five or ten years,
tho profits, with good management,
should be very satisfactory.
0C0CK PLAN FOR HEN HOUSE
Convenient and Satisfactory Building
to Accommodate Flock of Fif
teen Chickens In City.
Tho Ocock chicken houso is a con
venient nnd satisfactory houso for city
lots. It will accommnduto 15 Indi
viduals if good caro is given tno flock.
A dirt floor Is shown at tho left in C.
At tlio right In C Is a board floor on
which tho Btrnw litter is placed In
-I7V
Showing Cloth Screen.
winter months. A piece of 2 by 12
Inch material is used as a partition, to
prevent tho straw from getting over
on to tho dirt, nnd Is shown In D.
Tho porches, c, on tho dropping board
aro movablo to mako cleaning easier.
The dropping bourd is hinged and
papaf
Opening Above Screen.
should bo swung up aB high as tho
cloth screon during tho day, especial
ly during tho winter and early spring.
Tho nests are open under tho dropping
board nnd havo small doors on tho
Bldo next to tho flooring for removing
'.he eggs. Tho nests nro so construct-
a
. .-...-
. q r AjZyU
Dirt foar
XdL
Showing .Dirt Floor.
cd as to bo romoved nny tlmo for
cleaning. A cloth Bcreen extends tho
full length over tho dropping boards,
roosts, and floored portion. Tho framo
work being shown at cl, c2, In 0. A
drop curtain of canvns is In front to
bo used on cold nights; this Is shown
at a in C and at b in D. An opening
is made in each end of tho houso
abovo tho screen and Is shown nt a In
B, also at a In D. A cloth screen Is
hinged abovo tho window in A and Is
shown open at d In D. Tho small
'oper
Keeps Straw In Place.
three-light glass sash abovo tho six
light sash Is also hinged nnd is shown
open a o in D. Tho roof, sldo wall
and ends nro covered with tar paper
Inside in tho half which Is devoted to
tho roosts, nests and part of tho
floored apace. Tho boarding of this
houso is nailed up and down.
ECONOMY IN THE BEST FEED
Nothing Gained by Purchasing Sup
plies for the Poultry Because
They Are Called Cheap.
(By A. Q. SYMONDB.)
No matter what food Is glvon tho
fowls bo Hiiro it Is tho vory best that
can bo procured. It does not pay to
buy poor grain or poultry food of any
kind. Somo people think It Is eco
nomical to buy poultry supplies bo
cause they aro cheap.
Tho best is none too good, Ib a
rule as nppllcablo hero as anywhere
else. Only tho very best grains should
bo sanctioned. Only tho choicest
brand of beef scraps, flno cut clover,
alfalfa, nnd other foods of this sort
should be used, Thero Is nothing that
will repay ono bettor for good caro
and food given them thnn a flock of
hens. See to It then that in tho mat
tor of foods given them only tho best
bo procured and only tho beBt bo fed.
Value of Charcoal.
For all kinds of digestive troubles,
charcoal Is ono of tho best remedies
got sT ( .
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WifeWas Saved
TVo had a Sano Fourth I wua not
Allowed to 11 ro a bIiirIo shot;
If I'd 'a mado a cracker pop
I'd 'a.' beoil hauled In by th' cop.
If me or any of th' boys
Ilnd dared to mako a bit o' noluo
They would 'a Blnppcd us all In Jail
An' held us thero till wo gave ball.
An so our Fourth, I will explain
Vir absolutely safu an' nana.
Pa's feelln' better t least no worse,
I heard him tell th' now trained nursa.
Ho played Rolf nearly all th" day
With Mister Jnnos and Mister Shea,
Until 'bout half past threo o'clock
An' then ho had an awful shock.
Th' shn was bollln' hot, an' ho
Was playln hard as hard could no.
An' ho got nunstruck, but ho'll bo
Up in two weeks, or mebbo threo.
Ma's conshus now. Thoy think her arm
Ain't ro'lly Buffered serious harm,
Kxccpt It's broke. An' whero hor fac
dot cut will heal without a tra.ee.
Ma went out rldln' with th' dreuns
"To view th restful country scenes."
A tiro blew up an' they Upset
They didn't havo no londln' net I
Th' doctor Bays that sleep an' rest
For her will prob'ly bo th' best.
My sister's bettor, too, although
They had to work an hour or so
To brinrr her to sho purt' near drowned,
An' looked llko dead when sho was found.
Bho went to row with Mr. droko
An ho ho says 'twas for a Joke
IIo rocked th' boat, an' thoy fell out.
An' peoplo run from miles nbout
To savo their lives, Sho was a sight
When thoy brought her back homo last
night.
I wasn't hurt, though, I'll explain,
Becauso my Fourth was Safo an' Bano.
CROSSED WIRES.
Thoy Btroll toward tho shady bower
and tho young man observes:
"Did you know that I am a mind
reader?"
"Indeed?" aska tho coy young thing
"I am; and I know what you ara
thinking of right now."
"Roally?" sho asks, with a blush.
"Yes; you nro thinking about got
ting kissed under tho shado of tho3s
vine canopied trees."
Sho blushes even moro vividly, and
tho astute youth is greatly encour
aged until Bho says:
"How did you know that Mr. Ryo
vail proposed to mo In that shaded
walk yesterday?"
Inequalities of Life.
"It doesn't Boom altogether fair,"
observes tho man with tho lntrospec
tlvo oyes.
"What doesn't?" asks tho man with
tho dlscourngcd whiskers.
"Thero's old Meddergrnss' boh Lem
uel. Wouldn't Btny on tho farm and
becomo a tiller of tho soil like his fa
ther. Ran away from homo and stud
ied art, then came back and painted
somo views of tho old farm. And he
got $1,500 for n picture of a field that
his father would be glad to sell for
$50 spot cash."
Precautions.
"And you say Brown is a cautloui
man?" wo smllo. "Why, ho Is always
making mistakes."
"Yes," acknowledged Brown'n
friend, "but hnvo you over noticed
thnt ho nlways makes an excuse bo
foro ho makes tho mistake?"
Wrong Interpretation.
"Miss Yellltti Miss Yellltt!" ex
claimed tho music teacher in despair,
"Remomber you are elnglng an 'Invi
tation to Summer.' You nro begging
it to como not dnrlng It!"