The North Platte semi-weekly tribune. (North Platte, Neb.) 1895-1922, July 30, 1912, Image 3

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WELLS FOR IRRIGATION
Three Absolute Essentials Given
i for Water Source.
Deeper the Water Is In Well
the
Greater Will Be the Pre3su
Casing Should Be Construct
ed From Top to Bottom.
In giving three absolute) cssontlals
for any good artesian or Irrigation
well, H. M. Madison In tho TexaB
Stockman and Farmer, says:
We say absolute essentials, for we
cannot conceive of there being a good
well without having these three char
acteristics. Statod brlofly, they aro
as follows:
First The well must bo complete
ly cased from top to bottom.
Second The casing must bo bo
set that not only Is there no leaks,
but there cannot arise any around
the outside of the pipe.
Third With the fewest exceptions
strainers should be put In well.
There aro good reasons for each
of which are herewith glvdn. A col
umn of water one Inch square weighs
a little over one-half pound to tho
foot. Water standing two hundred
feet In a well would welg nearly 100
pounds to tho squaro Inch, In other
words tho pressuro of wator standing
200 foot deep In a well would bo near
ly 100 pounds to the squaro Inch.
This Is a pressure fully as great as Is
carried In any stationary boiler.
It Is easy to see that tho deeper
the water In a well the greater will bo
the pressure.. Where water stands
1,000 feet In a woll the pressuro Is
about 500 pounds to the square Inch,
a pressure so great that no boiler ever
built would sustain It, and if applied
to the strongest steel boiler now built
would blow it into atoms and scatter
them for over a mile cnrrylng death
and destruction In the path.
Now atop and think for a. moment.
The pressure at the bottom of a
1,000 foot well Is nearly GOO pounds.
Suppose thero was a hole or vent in
tho side of the well, wouldn't that wa
ter be forced out through it. But
here in southwest Texas it is scarce
ly possible to drill a well without
going through sand, gravel and looso
coll. If thero is no casing put in
tho well Is not tho enormous pres
Buro of water going to drlvo much
of it out through this sand, gravel
and loose soil? Government and
other reports show that an average
of one-half of tho water of an un
cased well is lost by being driven
out through tho sand, graVel, looso
rock and soil In tho strata through
which the well Is drilled. In many
wells there is even a greater loss
than this.
Let us put it a llttlo differently.
As uncased well that will irrigate
100 acres would if cased irrigate 200
acres. Or put it still differently,
one cased woll will do tho same serv
lco that two uncased wells will do.
It does not cost as much to case a
well as It does to drill one, so thero
Is no such thing as saying It
will savo money to leave a well un
cased. It would soem that an abso
lutely sufficient reason has been
given for saying that tho complote
casing of a well from top to bottom
is essential.
It would also seem that on account
of this enormous water pressure in
side tho casing that it is plain if
there was any leak around tho out
eldo of tho cosing tho water would
be forced through this leak and then
Into tho sand, gravel, loose rock and
eoll around the outside of the casing.
There would not be so much forced
through to bo sure if there was no
casing, but there would bo a loss.
Sometimes this loss is as great aa to
cause the public to think thero is a
failing water supply.
Thero Is a way to prevent this leak
age around the outside of tho casing.
It is usually called setting' tho cos
ing in lead. We are not going into
an explanation of this just here, but
Bufflce it to say no contract ought
ever to bo lot or signed for drilling
a well that did not fully and clearly
specify tho casing was to be set In
lead In such a way there was and
could not bo any leakago around the
pipe. There are some special casos
where flaxseed aro used to stop leak
ages, and there are others where the
pipe can bo set in cap rock so woll
there will bo no leakage. Hut set it
must bo so thero is no leakage, this
is tho second essential of a good Ir
rigation woll.
Colony House for Chickens.
For raising chickens the colony
house should be fitted up with a de
tachable lamp box and a hover which
can be taken out JubI as soon as the
chicks aro old enough to roost. A col
ony house can be made and a detach
nbte brooder can bo purchased at the
same price. One can buy an out-door
brooder complete, and tho former
can be used from tho time the chicks
aro hatched until ready to go to tho
regular poultry houso, whereas the
latter answers the purpose satisfac
torily only for the first six weeks.
Poultry. Equipment.
The appllancok required to raise
chickens are njt very numerous. In
cubators and brooders, of course, bo
como a necessity whore large numbers
are hatched and raised, or where early
hatched pullots aro wanted for winter
egg production, hut where only a fow
chickens aro raised tho investment
would hardly be profitable. Tho brood
er Is usually superior to tho old hen
for raising chickens, providing it is
properly handled.
SOIL MOISTURE IS REQUIRED
Where Cover Crops Aro Grown to
Maintain Fertility at High Stand-
ard Much Water Is Needed.
TUlngo gives such measures of aera
tion of tho soil as to develop plant
food. Chemical action liberates plant
food by dissolving tho inorganic ele
ments and forming solutions contain
ing plant food, writes E. F. Stephens
In tho Denver Field and Farm. The
moro complete tho aeration tho strong
or tho solution of plant food contained
in tho soli moisture. We all know
thnt tho larger tho amount of plant
food available tho less soil moisture
Is required to produce a pound of dry
matter. In other words, a treo can
grow and boar fruit In n well aerated
soil with less soil moisture than is re
quired to produce th"o same results
with tho tree feeding on a soil less ef
fectively cultivated.
Aeration thereforo sots freo in
creased quantities of plant food nnd
cnablos the tree to got along with less
water. A pint of very rich soup Is
moro nourishing than a quart of thin
gruel. The average planter will per
haps Irrigate his orchard three or four
times In a season. Each Irrigation Is
preceded by running a corrugator or
soma other method of opening fur
rows. This requires a team onco over,
after men havo been employed to
spread the wator. Within forty-eight
hours somo eiliclent Implement must
bo run to get tho soil under cultiva
tion or tho land will crust, bake, crack
open and soon bo In worso condition
than before.
To get the soil back Into ns good a
stato of tillage as before tho watering,
we find ourselves compelled to cover It
two or three times, usually once with
tho Planet Junior nnd then each way
with somo Implement like tho Acmo
pulverizer or tho Tower cultivator.
Three nnd possibly four team opera
tions will be needed with each irriga
tion to recover tho loose, llve'ly, mel
low soil condition in which we had tho
soil before watering, thereforo three
periods of Irrigation will mean cover
ing tho field nine times with a team.
In our experience add these nine cul
tivations to seven to nine regular cul
tivations and wo havo sixteen to
eighteen cultivations, which following
a winter and spring rainfall such as
we havo had this season will In suit
able soil go a long way towards con
serving moisture for tho summer.
Thero seems to be no question that
a tree that Is efficiently and thorough
ly cultivated finds moro favorable con
ditions for vigorous growth and early
frultfulness than the orchard that is
sometimes too wet, sometimes too dry,
and handled In the manner ofttlmeB
noted. This applies especially to
young orchards. This method Is not
applicable in the same dogrco with tho
older or bearing orchards since an or
chard aged sixteen to twenty years
needB probably seven or eight times a
much soil moisture as does the one
up to the ago of five yearse. To main
tain soli fertility requires cover crops.
To grow a crop of clover, vetch or
alfalfa In tho orchard and thus keep
Its fertility at tho highest standard
needed for productiveness will doubt
less require several Inches of water.
It is hardly practicable to maintain
the same high state of tillage in tho
old orchard that can be given in the
young one nnd water must either bo
stored In the sub-soil or applied at
suitable times by sufficient irrigation
to maintain an ample supple of mois
ture in tho aged bearing orchard.
WeodB rob tho soil of moisture.
Kaffir corn la not as good for lay
ing hens as wheat is.
Farmers should raise their own
hay, grain and meat, as woll as fruit
and garden vegetables.
You don't have to wait till tho In
cubator Is in the mood. It's ready to
set whenover you want it to.
In trying up cauliflower heads bo
sure thero Is no moisture In tho cen
ter, or tho head will certainly rot.
Fpr best results in buttermaking It
is woll not to have tho churn over
half full, and It Is bettor to Btart with
less.
Dy cutting cabbage Instead of pull
ing it, you stimulate a growth of
small shoots that are dellclously ten
der and mild.
Tho flaring milk pall Is being done
away with In all sanitary dairies and
the hooded pall with small opening is
taking Its place.
Ilnctorla do not thrive In the cold
but In heat only. If you keep your
milk below 40 degrees tho bacteria
will havo small chance.
Beans aro not ns good a feed for
live stock as peas, simply becauso
they are not aa palatable; tho cows
don't llko them so well.
To keop a cow from switching her
tall nothing is so convenient as a
hoop made of flvo or six feet of heavy
rope thrown over tho rump.
The averago milk cow drinks from
80 to 100 pounds of water a day. The
moro a cow can bo Induced to drink
the better for tho milk ilow.
If one extra potato wero added to
each plant grown In tho United States
tho actual increase in the annual
yield of tho crop would amount to
21,000,000 biiHhelH.
Just how deoply tho corn and other
spring crops should be cultivated and
just how long tho cultivation should
bo continued is a matter upon which
farmers differ widely In opinion.
The Cow's, Production.
If you do not know what tho cow
producos you cannot feed her intelligently.
Goat That Leads
COME on)
-
An . v '
KANSAS CITY, MO. Tho goat 1b
not a beautiful animal In the face.
Ho hasn't a sweet disposition. Ho
isn't playful. Ho won't cuddle. But
ho has his uses.
Frank E. Essex of a local grain
and milling company, who raises thou
sands of aneep and gouts on hla farm
near Rnytown, says a goat is tho most
contrarlwiso animal ovor invented.
Everything goes contrary with him
llko Mrs. Gummldge. But llko Mrs.
Gummldgo ho has n pretty good heart
If you can got on tho right sido of
him.
Mr. Essex haa one particular goat
on his placo that is the. best and tho
worst goat that over lived. Sometimes
Mr. Essex gets no allflrcd mad at him
that ho longs to take a club nnd kill
him. But every tlmo ho raises hi 3
hand to Blay him ho thinks of tho
many kindnesses the goat has dono
him, nnd his heart relents.
Tho goat, Mr. Essex admits, 13 not
pretty to look nt. Ho is bald, ho has a
wicked eye and lits whiskers arc full
of cockleburrs. His disposition is so
mean that ho Bpends all hla tlmo
J1J-1-nrLjuLrijiiijuiiiii
Expected Spanking,
ATLANTIC CITY, N. J. Tho trou
bled conscience of Harold Isaac,
twelve years old, of 23 Bartlett ave
nue, led him to make a confession "to
Ida mother tho other day. Ho fully ex
pected to be spanked. Instead, ho was
acclaimed a hero.
Harold went over to Llnwood park,
ten mllea from here, on tho annual
picnic of tho St. Nlcholna church. Be
fore ho left hla mother admonished
him not to go near tho water. Ho
gave his solemn promise.
Tho youngster ia an expert in tho
water and later Jn tho afternoon ho
left the picnic grounda and strolled
about to Bargalntown lake. Several
of hla boy chuma wero disporting In
tho water. Harold, although ho cast
longing eyea at tho cool water, remem
bered hla mother's warning nnd hla
promise. He sat down on tho bank aa
near the water aa ho cquld without
touching It, resolved not to violate tho
promlae.
A few mlnutea later, Georgo Klorla,
a hoy of twelvo and hlat particular
"pal," got Into deep water and could
not make land, despite hla game fight.
Ho Btarted to drift away and the other
youngsters, badly frightened whon
they saw he was drowning, Bcampered
ashore, -grabbed their clothes und
Btarted on a run to summon help.
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aWSVWIA'WWVkWWWWWWWWV'WWW i
Eat? Wasted Time,
I JU5T ATE A
PfAMiT AtiO I
FEEL UKF I
Could UCK MY
WEICHT in
WILD CATJL
CLEVELAND, O. Why eat?
Members of tho Keep Well club,
who told their experiences at a food
less picnic the other day in Wade
park, declared a man can go without
nourishment for thirty days and feel
llko a bear cat, and that it ia Bimplo
and delightful to exist for eight
months on a dally ration of eight
quarta of milk.
Tho club members advise any one
with' a stomachache to quit eating for
awhile. It Is fun after thrco days,
declared Dr. C. M. Swingle, who has
tried it.
How to bo strong as a bull mooso
and still eat nothing was told at the
picnic by A. G. Freeman, who onco
went without food for eighteen days
straight. S. P. Brooks is tho milk
diet fiend.
If you backslide, you may do as
somo of the Keep-Wollers do, and dc-
W i51 (
t&ttgJ
-I ,. MrffHSiLymt
CVSi
Cat Shatters Governor's Resolution
INDIANAPOLIS. IND. Go. Thomas
It. MarshaH'H resolution to spend
July 4 behind tho locked doora of hla
offices in the Rtatehouso were shat
tered early In tho morning on nccount
of tho governor's admiration for
"Tom," a big, black cat, the capltol
mascot.
Tom was not responsible directly
for tho governor's throwing open tho
doora of hla executive offices. A friend
of tho Democratic pomlnoo for tho
vice-presidency, knowing that the cat
woa admired by tho governor, Imitated
tho sound of a cat scratching against
tho door of the private ofilco until Mar
shall was greeted by a crowd of lato
arrivals from tho Baltimore conven
tion. They gained access to tho room
to congrntulato tho governor by imi
tating the acrntchlng of a cat when
loud knocking had failed.
Tho governor was ongaged In dic
tating his decisions on tho numerous
petitions for pardona, when a crowd
Sheep to Slaughter
thinking up things to do which his
perverse mind tells him Mr . Kssox
doesn't want him to do.
"Hut, really, I hadn't ought to
knock that goat," Mr. Essex sold.
"Sheep, you know, haven't a lick ol
sense. If It wasn't for that goat 1
don't know how we'd over get them
Into a stock car. But tho goat knows
how. Frankly, I don't bollovo ho dooa
It to help mo I think ho does it bo
cause ho knows tho sheep nro going to
tho packing houso to bo mado Into
broth, and It fills his wicked heart
with gladness.
"Anyway, this is what ho does:
When tho car Is placed and tho chuto
run down to tho pen ho tnkes tho lead
and marches up into tho car, tho
sheep following. Ho mnrches all
around the car and back to tho door,
where ho stops. Thore ho plnces him
self in such a way as to block tho
exit, leaving only enough room for
tho sheep to enter. They crowd In
until the car is full, and then tho gont
leaps nimbly out and wo shut tho
door.
"If you could boo tho wicked gleam
in his eye when ho has thus trapped
his trusting followers and saved his
own skin you would appreclato how
nearly human la his duplicity.
"Somo tlmo whon I am vexed with
him I suppose I shall shut tho door
on him und let him go to his deserts.
If I don't get his goat soonor or lator
ho will got mine."
,j,j, jj. ,
Acclaimed Hero
i'm cofiirr)
?C
The drowning boy called to Harold
to save him.
Then ho could stand it no longer.
Ho kicked off his Bhoes plunged nnd
battled for ten minutes nnd had Juat
succeeded In dragging tho unconscious
form nshoro when somo of tho other
boys returned. Then ho led tho work
of resuscitation and was finally re
warded. Georgo opened his oyes and
gradually became himself onco moro
nnd by tho time Harold's clothes had
dried ho was almost recovered. Right
thero young Isaac mado every one of
hla chuma swear that they would not
tell about his plungo in tho water.
They promised nnd kept "mum." But
finally tho youngster's conscience trou
bled him, and ho could hold in no long
er. Ho told his mother ho had been
In the water, and stopped thero ready
to take his punishment. But young
Klorla overheard tho confession and
told tho real Btory. Now Harold ia
tho happiest kid in town.
Say Keep Wellers
your a hearty lunch. Tho menu might
be:
Ono peanut.
One orange.
Ono lettuce loaf.
"Onco I went eight months without
nourishment except eight quarts of
milk n day," said Brooks. "I gained
forty pounds. Slnco then I havo lived
on milk for varying periods. Now I
nm taking two quarta n day, in tho
morning und evening. Tho only other
nourishment I rccelvo Is at 11 o'clock
In tho morning, when I cat a light
lunch of nuts and occasionally an
orange. But on Saturday I omit tho
lunch, because Sunday la a day of
rest."
Swlnglo said that It is easy to go
without food for short porlods. He
said that after tho first three days tho
appetite leaves. Ho udvlsed, however,
that anything but a abort fast should
bo taken under tho direction of a
physician.
"I went without food for elcvon days
and could carry a market basket with
out being tempted to cat," said
Swlnglo.
Swlnglo said milk nnd lemons Is a
diet thnt is good for tubcrculara, un
der tho direction of a physician.
Sn n
began to congregato at tho doorB ot
the executlvo offices. Frequent pound
ings and shouted requests for en
trance wero unheeded.
Tho crowd was asked to remain
quiet. Tho governor, Heated at hla
desk, with largo pile of congratulatory
telegrama nnd lottera beforo him, be
came awaro of tho jillenco In tho cor
ridors nnd believed tho crowd had dis
persed. Then camo tho gcntlo scrap
ing as if of claws against wood, und
tho governor, desiring tho preBonco of
Tom In tho room, threw open tho
doors, only to bo greeted by tho shouts
und laughter of more than a scoro of
his Hooslor admirers.
Mr) "dPfc
V.' 1 irVXITil IMH
S2-:IA3
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fuJjl
Can't Afford To,
Friend You nnd your husband
teem to bo getting on woll together
Just now. I thought you had quar
reled. Wife Can't do that theso days,
when our dresses fasten down the
back.
Goodness docs not more certainly
mako men happy than happiness
makca them good. Landor.
Mr. Wlnilow's Booth I tiff Synip for Children
tcAttiltift, norten the Riimn, reduce InfUmma
tlou, ftlloj- pain, our wlud collo, SSa bottle.
Tho Cheerful Color.
Qabo Do you ovor get tho blues?
Stevo Not if I have tho long green.
Liquid blue Is weak solution. Avoid It.
Buy Ked Cross Halt Hlue, the blue that's all
blue. Ask your grocer.
People who live In clean houses
shouldn't throw mud.
Smokers llko LEWIS' Single Binder cigar
for It's rich mollow quality.
A woman's mirror Is alwayB n poor
glass.
W ITle RoadLto Comfort O
A vanished thirst a cool body and a refreshed one:-tho
sure way mc oniy wy is via
Ideally delicious pure as purity
Free 0uf nnr bo1?
$ Demand (be Genuine ai made by
THE COCA-COLA CO., Atlanta, oa.
DI
MADE BIG PROFIT FOR STATE
Purely Business Argument for the Es
tablishment of 8anltorlums for
the Tuberculosis.
According to figures contained In tho
nnuual report of Dr. H. L. Barnes, su
perintendent of tho Rhode Island state
sanltorlum, tho earnings of tho ox
patients of that Institution during tho
year 1911 would amount to ovor $266,
000. This Is a sum threo times as
large as that opent each year for main
tenance of tho Institution, including
four per cent interest nnd deprecia
tion chargea.
Tho actual earnings in 1911 of 170
ox-patlenta wero obtained by Dr.
Barnes. These ranged from $2 to S31
per week, tho total earnings for tho
year amounting to $102,762. On this
basis, Dr. Barnes computes the figures
abovo given. Ho says, howover:
"While- institutions for tho euro of
tuberculosis aro good Investments,
there is good reason for thinking that
institutions' for tho isolation ot far
advancea caBes would be still better
investments.
Out of a total of 40,450 hospital
days' treatment given, 39,147, or 84
per cent., wore free, tho treatment
costing the stato on an averago 200
por patient. Out of 188 freo cases in
vestigated, 66 had no families and no
income on admission to tho sanlto
rlum. Out of 132 patients having
homes, tho number in the family aver
aged 5.2, and tho averago family earn
ings wero $5.46. In 59 cases tho fami
lies had no lncomo, and in only flvo
cases wero thero any savings, none of
which amounted to as much as $100.
Pittsburg Chivalry,
"What'8 going on horo?" demanded
a man as ho camo upon two llttlo boys
battling in a vacant lot on tho South
side. Tho lad who was on top was
rubbing weeds over tho faco ot tho un
der one.
"Stop It," said the man, grabbing tho
victor by the nock and pulling him
away. "What in tho world aro you
trying to do to his faco 'with thoso
weeda?"
"Do? Why, ho aworo in front ot
Bomo girls, and I rubbed some smart
weed in his eyes to becomo a groat
man llko Abraham Lincoln." Pitts
burg Sun.
Persuasion.
"What made Mr. Chugglns buy an
automobile?"
"Hla wlfo porsuaded him by calling
his nttentlon to the economy of hav
ing gasollno on hand to clean gloves
with." WuBhlngton Star.
It isn't every woman who will make
you n good wife who will mako you a
good husband! Satire.
Old Michigan's wonderful batter
Eats Toastics, 'tis said, once a day,
For he knows they are healthful and wholesome
And furnish him strength for the fray.
His rivals have wondered and marvelled
To sec him so much on the job,
Not knowing his strength and endurance
Is due to the corn in TY COBB.
One of the CO Jingles for which tbn Pontum Co.,
Battle Cieok, Mich., paid I1WO0O lu Uaf.
FOR Luncheon or picnic
sandwiches, nothing equals
Veal Loaf
with ciud new lettuce.
It is a, tty treat and economical as well.
At All Grocmri
Libby, MLsNolll & Llbby
Chicago
a glass or Dottle ot
crisp and sparkling as frost.
tetltnr of Coca-Cot
WuCMTCf
rea m an
Arrow think
of Coca-CoU.
The Middle-Aged Woman.
Of tho many waya in which tho middle-aged
woman may vary tho effect
of her afternoon gowns none la aim
plor than tho use of a collar and cuffs
of white vollo edged with Bcalloplng
and embroidery in a floral design. An
other chango may be tho frock sot o!
whlto chiffon with border of black
maltnes, and still another Is tho ono
of black net homstltched with silver
thread. Somo of these collars aro bo
long in front that they termlnnte only
at tho waist lino, where they cross in
surplice effect and aro tuckod away
undor tho gtrdlo. An excellent model
of this sort 1b of light bluo lawn em
broidered with black dots, and a sec
ond Is of whlto agaric trimmed with
tiny folds ot broadcloth, ultomatlns
with cpongo.
Tho Giveaway.
"Jnno," Bald hor fathor, "how does
it happen that I find four good cigars
on tho mantelpioco this morning? Did
Henry loavo thorn for mo?"
"No; ho took them out of his vest
pocket to avoid breaking them last
night, and I guess ho forgot all about
them aftorwarda."
Tho laugh that followed mado hen
wish that alio had been aa careful
with hor speech as Honry had been
with his cigars. Dotrolt Freo Press.
Her Affections Dampened.
A little girl was playing at the
table with her cup of water. Hor
father took tho cup from her and In
so doing accidentally aplllod somo ol
tho wator on her.
"Thero," she cried, as sho left the
tablo indignantly, "you wet me clear
to my feelings." Everybody's Maga
zine. Laying a Foundation.
Little Bobyb (the guest) Mrs.
Sklmpor, when I heard wo woro gola'
to havo dlunor at your house I start
ed right in tralnln for It,
Mrs. Sklmper (tho hostess) By sav
ing up your appetite, Bobby?
Llttlo Bobby No'm. By oaUn a
squaro meal first
Between Girls.
"I believe I'll break ray engage
ment to Cholly. Ho can't really lov
mo."
"Why not?'
"He writes such short letters. Look
at thlB only seven pages."
Tho Writer Who Does Most
That writer does the most who
gives his reader tho most knowledge
and takes from him tho' least tlmo.
O. C. Colton.
Many a girl Btrlvos to mako a nam
for hersolf rather than attempt to
mako a loaf ot bread.
Written bj J. F. MAOKB,
2410 Wastiimjton St., Two Rivera, Wis.
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