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About The North Platte semi-weekly tribune. (North Platte, Neb.) 1895-1922 | View Entire Issue (July 30, 1912)
U . r WELLS FOR IRRIGATION Three Absolute Essentials Given i for Water Source. Deeper the Water Is In Well the Greater Will Be the Pre3su Casing Should Be Construct ed From Top to Bottom. In giving three absolute) cssontlals for any good artesian or Irrigation well, H. M. Madison In tho TexaB Stockman and Farmer, says: We say absolute essentials, for we cannot conceive of there being a good well without having these three char acteristics. Statod brlofly, they aro as follows: First The well must bo complete ly cased from top to bottom. Second The casing must bo bo set that not only Is there no leaks, but there cannot arise any around the outside of the pipe. Third With the fewest exceptions strainers should be put In well. There aro good reasons for each of which are herewith glvdn. A col umn of water one Inch square weighs a little over one-half pound to tho foot. Water standing two hundred feet In a well would welg nearly 100 pounds to tho squaro Inch, In other words tho pressuro of wator standing 200 foot deep In a well would bo near ly 100 pounds to the squaro Inch. This Is a pressure fully as great as Is carried In any stationary boiler. It Is easy to see that tho deeper the water In a well the greater will bo the pressure.. Where water stands 1,000 feet In a woll the pressuro Is about 500 pounds to the square Inch, a pressure so great that no boiler ever built would sustain It, and if applied to the strongest steel boiler now built would blow it into atoms and scatter them for over a mile cnrrylng death and destruction In the path. Now atop and think for a. moment. The pressure at the bottom of a 1,000 foot well Is nearly GOO pounds. Suppose thero was a hole or vent in tho side of the well, wouldn't that wa ter be forced out through it. But here in southwest Texas it is scarce ly possible to drill a well without going through sand, gravel and looso coll. If thero is no casing put in tho well Is not tho enormous pres Buro of water going to drlvo much of it out through this sand, gravel and loose soil? Government and other reports show that an average of one-half of tho water of an un cased well is lost by being driven out through tho sand, graVel, looso rock and soil In tho strata through which the well Is drilled. In many wells there is even a greater loss than this. Let us put it a llttlo differently. As uncased well that will irrigate 100 acres would if cased irrigate 200 acres. Or put it still differently, one cased woll will do tho same serv lco that two uncased wells will do. It does not cost as much to case a well as It does to drill one, so thero Is no such thing as saying It will savo money to leave a well un cased. It would soem that an abso lutely sufficient reason has been given for saying that tho complote casing of a well from top to bottom is essential. It would also seem that on account of this enormous water pressure in side tho casing that it is plain if there was any leak around tho out eldo of tho cosing tho water would be forced through this leak and then Into tho sand, gravel, loose rock and eoll around the outside of the casing. There would not be so much forced through to bo sure if there was no casing, but there would bo a loss. Sometimes this loss is as great aa to cause the public to think thero is a failing water supply. Thero Is a way to prevent this leak age around the outside of tho casing. It is usually called setting' tho cos ing in lead. We are not going into an explanation of this just here, but Bufflce it to say no contract ought ever to bo lot or signed for drilling a well that did not fully and clearly specify tho casing was to be set In lead In such a way there was and could not bo any leakago around the pipe. There are some special casos where flaxseed aro used to stop leak ages, and there are others where the pipe can bo set in cap rock so woll there will bo no leakage. Hut set it must bo so thero is no leakage, this is tho second essential of a good Ir rigation woll. Colony House for Chickens. For raising chickens the colony house should be fitted up with a de tachable lamp box and a hover which can be taken out JubI as soon as the chicks aro old enough to roost. A col ony house can be made and a detach nbte brooder can bo purchased at the same price. One can buy an out-door brooder complete, and tho former can be used from tho time the chicks aro hatched until ready to go to tho regular poultry houso, whereas the latter answers the purpose satisfac torily only for the first six weeks. Poultry. Equipment. The appllancok required to raise chickens are njt very numerous. In cubators and brooders, of course, bo como a necessity whore large numbers are hatched and raised, or where early hatched pullots aro wanted for winter egg production, hut where only a fow chickens aro raised tho investment would hardly be profitable. Tho brood er Is usually superior to tho old hen for raising chickens, providing it is properly handled. SOIL MOISTURE IS REQUIRED Where Cover Crops Aro Grown to Maintain Fertility at High Stand- ard Much Water Is Needed. TUlngo gives such measures of aera tion of tho soil as to develop plant food. Chemical action liberates plant food by dissolving tho inorganic ele ments and forming solutions contain ing plant food, writes E. F. Stephens In tho Denver Field and Farm. The moro complete tho aeration tho strong or tho solution of plant food contained in tho soli moisture. We all know thnt tho larger tho amount of plant food available tho less soil moisture Is required to produce a pound of dry matter. In other words, a treo can grow and boar fruit In n well aerated soil with less soil moisture than is re quired to produce th"o same results with tho tree feeding on a soil less ef fectively cultivated. Aeration thereforo sots freo in creased quantities of plant food nnd cnablos the tree to got along with less water. A pint of very rich soup Is moro nourishing than a quart of thin gruel. The average planter will per haps Irrigate his orchard three or four times In a season. Each Irrigation Is preceded by running a corrugator or soma other method of opening fur rows. This requires a team onco over, after men havo been employed to spread the wator. Within forty-eight hours somo eiliclent Implement must bo run to get tho soil under cultiva tion or tho land will crust, bake, crack open and soon bo In worso condition than before. To get the soil back Into ns good a stato of tillage as before tho watering, we find ourselves compelled to cover It two or three times, usually once with tho Planet Junior nnd then each way with somo Implement like tho Acmo pulverizer or tho Tower cultivator. Three nnd possibly four team opera tions will be needed with each irriga tion to recover tho loose, llve'ly, mel low soil condition in which we had tho soil before watering, thereforo three periods of Irrigation will mean cover ing tho field nine times with a team. In our experience add these nine cul tivations to seven to nine regular cul tivations and wo havo sixteen to eighteen cultivations, which following a winter and spring rainfall such as we havo had this season will In suit able soil go a long way towards con serving moisture for tho summer. Thero seems to be no question that a tree that Is efficiently and thorough ly cultivated finds moro favorable con ditions for vigorous growth and early frultfulness than the orchard that is sometimes too wet, sometimes too dry, and handled In the manner ofttlmeB noted. This applies especially to young orchards. This method Is not applicable in the same dogrco with tho older or bearing orchards since an or chard aged sixteen to twenty years needB probably seven or eight times a much soil moisture as does the one up to the ago of five yearse. To main tain soli fertility requires cover crops. To grow a crop of clover, vetch or alfalfa In tho orchard and thus keep Its fertility at tho highest standard needed for productiveness will doubt less require several Inches of water. It is hardly practicable to maintain the same high state of tillage in tho old orchard that can be given in the young one nnd water must either bo stored In the sub-soil or applied at suitable times by sufficient irrigation to maintain an ample supple of mois ture in tho aged bearing orchard. WeodB rob tho soil of moisture. Kaffir corn la not as good for lay ing hens as wheat is. Farmers should raise their own hay, grain and meat, as woll as fruit and garden vegetables. You don't have to wait till tho In cubator Is in the mood. It's ready to set whenover you want it to. In trying up cauliflower heads bo sure thero Is no moisture In tho cen ter, or tho head will certainly rot. Fpr best results in buttermaking It is woll not to have tho churn over half full, and It Is bettor to Btart with less. Dy cutting cabbage Instead of pull ing it, you stimulate a growth of small shoots that are dellclously ten der and mild. Tho flaring milk pall Is being done away with In all sanitary dairies and the hooded pall with small opening is taking Its place. Ilnctorla do not thrive In the cold but In heat only. If you keep your milk below 40 degrees tho bacteria will havo small chance. Beans aro not ns good a feed for live stock as peas, simply becauso they are not aa palatable; tho cows don't llko them so well. To keop a cow from switching her tall nothing is so convenient as a hoop made of flvo or six feet of heavy rope thrown over tho rump. The averago milk cow drinks from 80 to 100 pounds of water a day. The moro a cow can bo Induced to drink the better for tho milk ilow. If one extra potato wero added to each plant grown In tho United States tho actual increase in the annual yield of tho crop would amount to 21,000,000 biiHhelH. Just how deoply tho corn and other spring crops should be cultivated and just how long tho cultivation should bo continued is a matter upon which farmers differ widely In opinion. The Cow's, Production. If you do not know what tho cow producos you cannot feed her intelligently. Goat That Leads COME on) - An . v ' KANSAS CITY, MO. Tho goat 1b not a beautiful animal In the face. Ho hasn't a sweet disposition. Ho isn't playful. Ho won't cuddle. But ho has his uses. Frank E. Essex of a local grain and milling company, who raises thou sands of aneep and gouts on hla farm near Rnytown, says a goat is tho most contrarlwiso animal ovor invented. Everything goes contrary with him llko Mrs. Gummldge. But llko Mrs. Gummldgo ho has n pretty good heart If you can got on tho right sido of him. Mr. Essex haa one particular goat on his placo that is the. best and tho worst goat that over lived. Sometimes Mr. Essex gets no allflrcd mad at him that ho longs to take a club nnd kill him. But every tlmo ho raises hi 3 hand to Blay him ho thinks of tho many kindnesses the goat has dono him, nnd his heart relents. Tho goat, Mr. Essex admits, 13 not pretty to look nt. Ho is bald, ho has a wicked eye and lits whiskers arc full of cockleburrs. His disposition is so mean that ho Bpends all hla tlmo J1J-1-nrLjuLrijiiijuiiiii Expected Spanking, ATLANTIC CITY, N. J. Tho trou bled conscience of Harold Isaac, twelve years old, of 23 Bartlett ave nue, led him to make a confession "to Ida mother tho other day. Ho fully ex pected to be spanked. Instead, ho was acclaimed a hero. Harold went over to Llnwood park, ten mllea from here, on tho annual picnic of tho St. Nlcholna church. Be fore ho left hla mother admonished him not to go near tho water. Ho gave his solemn promise. Tho youngster ia an expert in tho water and later Jn tho afternoon ho left the picnic grounda and strolled about to Bargalntown lake. Several of hla boy chuma wero disporting In tho water. Harold, although ho cast longing eyea at tho cool water, remem bered hla mother's warning nnd hla promise. He sat down on tho bank aa near the water aa ho cquld without touching It, resolved not to violate tho promlae. A few mlnutea later, Georgo Klorla, a hoy of twelvo and hlat particular "pal," got Into deep water and could not make land, despite hla game fight. Ho Btarted to drift away and the other youngsters, badly frightened whon they saw he was drowning, Bcampered ashore, -grabbed their clothes und Btarted on a run to summon help. -i.T)J . JTjV " rMhCW rr-2aA( r it tx ' i i . v i ry .tj aWSVWIA'WWVkWWWWWWWWV'WWW i Eat? Wasted Time, I JU5T ATE A PfAMiT AtiO I FEEL UKF I Could UCK MY WEICHT in WILD CATJL CLEVELAND, O. Why eat? Members of tho Keep Well club, who told their experiences at a food less picnic the other day in Wade park, declared a man can go without nourishment for thirty days and feel llko a bear cat, and that it ia Bimplo and delightful to exist for eight months on a dally ration of eight quarta of milk. Tho club members advise any one with' a stomachache to quit eating for awhile. It Is fun after thrco days, declared Dr. C. M. Swingle, who has tried it. How to bo strong as a bull mooso and still eat nothing was told at the picnic by A. G. Freeman, who onco went without food for eighteen days straight. S. P. Brooks is tho milk diet fiend. If you backslide, you may do as somo of the Keep-Wollers do, and dc- W i51 ( t&ttgJ -I ,. MrffHSiLymt CVSi Cat Shatters Governor's Resolution INDIANAPOLIS. IND. Go. Thomas It. MarshaH'H resolution to spend July 4 behind tho locked doora of hla offices in the Rtatehouso were shat tered early In tho morning on nccount of tho governor's admiration for "Tom," a big, black cat, the capltol mascot. Tom was not responsible directly for tho governor's throwing open tho doora of hla executive offices. A friend of tho Democratic pomlnoo for tho vice-presidency, knowing that the cat woa admired by tho governor, Imitated tho sound of a cat scratching against tho door of the private ofilco until Mar shall was greeted by a crowd of lato arrivals from tho Baltimore conven tion. They gained access to tho room to congrntulato tho governor by imi tating the acrntchlng of a cat when loud knocking had failed. Tho governor was ongaged In dic tating his decisions on tho numerous petitions for pardona, when a crowd Sheep to Slaughter thinking up things to do which his perverse mind tells him Mr . Kssox doesn't want him to do. "Hut, really, I hadn't ought to knock that goat," Mr. Essex sold. "Sheep, you know, haven't a lick ol sense. If It wasn't for that goat 1 don't know how we'd over get them Into a stock car. But tho goat knows how. Frankly, I don't bollovo ho dooa It to help mo I think ho does it bo cause ho knows tho sheep nro going to tho packing houso to bo mado Into broth, and It fills his wicked heart with gladness. "Anyway, this is what ho does: When tho car Is placed and tho chuto run down to tho pen ho tnkes tho lead and marches up into tho car, tho sheep following. Ho mnrches all around the car and back to tho door, where ho stops. Thore ho plnces him self in such a way as to block tho exit, leaving only enough room for tho sheep to enter. They crowd In until the car is full, and then tho gont leaps nimbly out and wo shut tho door. "If you could boo tho wicked gleam in his eye when ho has thus trapped his trusting followers and saved his own skin you would appreclato how nearly human la his duplicity. "Somo tlmo whon I am vexed with him I suppose I shall shut tho door on him und let him go to his deserts. If I don't get his goat soonor or lator ho will got mine." ,j,j, jj. , Acclaimed Hero i'm cofiirr) ?C The drowning boy called to Harold to save him. Then ho could stand it no longer. Ho kicked off his Bhoes plunged nnd battled for ten minutes nnd had Juat succeeded In dragging tho unconscious form nshoro when somo of tho other boys returned. Then ho led tho work of resuscitation and was finally re warded. Georgo opened his oyes and gradually became himself onco moro nnd by tho time Harold's clothes had dried ho was almost recovered. Right thero young Isaac mado every one of hla chuma swear that they would not tell about his plungo in tho water. They promised nnd kept "mum." But finally tho youngster's conscience trou bled him, and ho could hold in no long er. Ho told his mother ho had been In the water, and stopped thero ready to take his punishment. But young Klorla overheard tho confession and told tho real Btory. Now Harold ia tho happiest kid in town. Say Keep Wellers your a hearty lunch. Tho menu might be: Ono peanut. One orange. Ono lettuce loaf. "Onco I went eight months without nourishment except eight quarts of milk n day," said Brooks. "I gained forty pounds. Slnco then I havo lived on milk for varying periods. Now I nm taking two quarta n day, in tho morning und evening. Tho only other nourishment I rccelvo Is at 11 o'clock In tho morning, when I cat a light lunch of nuts and occasionally an orange. But on Saturday I omit tho lunch, because Sunday la a day of rest." Swlnglo said that It is easy to go without food for short porlods. He said that after tho first three days tho appetite leaves. Ho udvlsed, however, that anything but a abort fast should bo taken under tho direction of a physician. "I went without food for elcvon days and could carry a market basket with out being tempted to cat," said Swlnglo. Swlnglo said milk nnd lemons Is a diet thnt is good for tubcrculara, un der tho direction of a physician. Sn n began to congregato at tho doorB ot the executlvo offices. Frequent pound ings and shouted requests for en trance wero unheeded. Tho crowd was asked to remain quiet. Tho governor, Heated at hla desk, with largo pile of congratulatory telegrama nnd lottera beforo him, be came awaro of tho jillenco In tho cor ridors nnd believed tho crowd had dis persed. Then camo tho gcntlo scrap ing as if of claws against wood, und tho governor, desiring tho preBonco of Tom In tho room, threw open tho doors, only to bo greeted by tho shouts und laughter of more than a scoro of his Hooslor admirers. Mr) "dPfc V.' 1 irVXITil IMH S2-:IA3 ,JPJm1ovv) -0 :V RMiTfc-L ,"7 fuJjl Can't Afford To, Friend You nnd your husband teem to bo getting on woll together Just now. I thought you had quar reled. Wife Can't do that theso days, when our dresses fasten down the back. Goodness docs not more certainly mako men happy than happiness makca them good. Landor. Mr. Wlnilow's Booth I tiff Synip for Children tcAttiltift, norten the Riimn, reduce InfUmma tlou, ftlloj- pain, our wlud collo, SSa bottle. Tho Cheerful Color. Qabo Do you ovor get tho blues? Stevo Not if I have tho long green. Liquid blue Is weak solution. Avoid It. Buy Ked Cross Halt Hlue, the blue that's all blue. Ask your grocer. People who live In clean houses shouldn't throw mud. Smokers llko LEWIS' Single Binder cigar for It's rich mollow quality. A woman's mirror Is alwayB n poor glass. W ITle RoadLto Comfort O A vanished thirst a cool body and a refreshed one:-tho sure way mc oniy wy is via Ideally delicious pure as purity Free 0uf nnr bo1? $ Demand (be Genuine ai made by THE COCA-COLA CO., Atlanta, oa. DI MADE BIG PROFIT FOR STATE Purely Business Argument for the Es tablishment of 8anltorlums for the Tuberculosis. According to figures contained In tho nnuual report of Dr. H. L. Barnes, su perintendent of tho Rhode Island state sanltorlum, tho earnings of tho ox patients of that Institution during tho year 1911 would amount to ovor $266, 000. This Is a sum threo times as large as that opent each year for main tenance of tho Institution, including four per cent interest nnd deprecia tion chargea. Tho actual earnings in 1911 of 170 ox-patlenta wero obtained by Dr. Barnes. These ranged from $2 to S31 per week, tho total earnings for tho year amounting to $102,762. On this basis, Dr. Barnes computes the figures abovo given. Ho says, howover: "While- institutions for tho euro of tuberculosis aro good Investments, there is good reason for thinking that institutions' for tho isolation ot far advancea caBes would be still better investments. Out of a total of 40,450 hospital days' treatment given, 39,147, or 84 per cent., wore free, tho treatment costing the stato on an averago 200 por patient. Out of 188 freo cases in vestigated, 66 had no families and no income on admission to tho sanlto rlum. Out of 132 patients having homes, tho number in the family aver aged 5.2, and tho averago family earn ings wero $5.46. In 59 cases tho fami lies had no lncomo, and in only flvo cases wero thero any savings, none of which amounted to as much as $100. Pittsburg Chivalry, "What'8 going on horo?" demanded a man as ho camo upon two llttlo boys battling in a vacant lot on tho South side. Tho lad who was on top was rubbing weeds over tho faco ot tho un der one. "Stop It," said the man, grabbing tho victor by the nock and pulling him away. "What in tho world aro you trying to do to his faco 'with thoso weeda?" "Do? Why, ho aworo in front ot Bomo girls, and I rubbed some smart weed in his eyes to becomo a groat man llko Abraham Lincoln." Pitts burg Sun. Persuasion. "What made Mr. Chugglns buy an automobile?" "Hla wlfo porsuaded him by calling his nttentlon to the economy of hav ing gasollno on hand to clean gloves with." WuBhlngton Star. It isn't every woman who will make you n good wife who will mako you a good husband! Satire. Old Michigan's wonderful batter Eats Toastics, 'tis said, once a day, For he knows they are healthful and wholesome And furnish him strength for the fray. His rivals have wondered and marvelled To sec him so much on the job, Not knowing his strength and endurance Is due to the corn in TY COBB. One of the CO Jingles for which tbn Pontum Co., Battle Cieok, Mich., paid I1WO0O lu Uaf. FOR Luncheon or picnic sandwiches, nothing equals Veal Loaf with ciud new lettuce. It is a, tty treat and economical as well. At All Grocmri Libby, MLsNolll & Llbby Chicago a glass or Dottle ot crisp and sparkling as frost. tetltnr of Coca-Cot WuCMTCf rea m an Arrow think of Coca-CoU. The Middle-Aged Woman. Of tho many waya in which tho middle-aged woman may vary tho effect of her afternoon gowns none la aim plor than tho use of a collar and cuffs of white vollo edged with Bcalloplng and embroidery in a floral design. An other chango may be tho frock sot o! whlto chiffon with border of black maltnes, and still another Is tho ono of black net homstltched with silver thread. Somo of these collars aro bo long in front that they termlnnte only at tho waist lino, where they cross in surplice effect and aro tuckod away undor tho gtrdlo. An excellent model of this sort 1b of light bluo lawn em broidered with black dots, and a sec ond Is of whlto agaric trimmed with tiny folds ot broadcloth, ultomatlns with cpongo. Tho Giveaway. "Jnno," Bald hor fathor, "how does it happen that I find four good cigars on tho mantelpioco this morning? Did Henry loavo thorn for mo?" "No; ho took them out of his vest pocket to avoid breaking them last night, and I guess ho forgot all about them aftorwarda." Tho laugh that followed mado hen wish that alio had been aa careful with hor speech as Honry had been with his cigars. Dotrolt Freo Press. Her Affections Dampened. A little girl was playing at the table with her cup of water. Hor father took tho cup from her and In so doing accidentally aplllod somo ol tho wator on her. "Thero," she cried, as sho left the tablo indignantly, "you wet me clear to my feelings." Everybody's Maga zine. Laying a Foundation. Little Bobyb (the guest) Mrs. Sklmpor, when I heard wo woro gola' to havo dlunor at your house I start ed right in tralnln for It, Mrs. Sklmper (tho hostess) By sav ing up your appetite, Bobby? Llttlo Bobby No'm. By oaUn a squaro meal first Between Girls. "I believe I'll break ray engage ment to Cholly. Ho can't really lov mo." "Why not?' "He writes such short letters. Look at thlB only seven pages." Tho Writer Who Does Most That writer does the most who gives his reader tho most knowledge and takes from him tho' least tlmo. O. C. Colton. Many a girl Btrlvos to mako a nam for hersolf rather than attempt to mako a loaf ot bread. Written bj J. F. MAOKB, 2410 Wastiimjton St., Two Rivera, Wis. flit k ItDW COt. tffTA I 0 1Q
