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ME&DOWBROOK
-FARM
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Dees require water.
Rotation Improves the soil.
Rape is excellent for Bwine.
Kafir is harder on land than corn.
Do not forget to provide shade for
the poultry.
The better tho man, tho better the
cow. Every time.
Cold water is practically useless for
removing bacteria.
Cover crops must bo used to prevent
the loss of plant food.
You can't tell by tho looks of a1 dairy
cow how honest sho is.
An inch of rainfall on an ncro of
land weighs more than 10 Otons.
Harrow teeth are made to be turn
ed, yet how many people do it?
A pasture arranged to include a few
shade trees is 25 per cent, better.
If hens develop tho feather-pulling
habit! send them to market at once.
Corn and affalfa mako a combination
that cannot bo equalled on the dairy
fnrm.
Liberal feeding of the dairy calves
is money put where it will draw big
Interest.
Don't forget the weeds that are get
ting ready to go to, seed along tho
roadside.
Every farmer should have a small
wheel seeder and a small wheel gar
den hose.
It is a mistake to keep a nonde
script bull simply because he cost a
little money.
Soro sbouldors are tho result of
ill-fitting collars, and not always
those of this season.
Paper may be made to stick to
whitewashed walls by an application
of vinegar to the walls.
Clabbered milk drained and left to
oy makes a fine feed for young chicks.
Rub it flno before feeding.
Second of third crop alfalfa, if
properly managed, furnishes a very
satisfactory pasture for sheep.
All cowb that are hearty eaters are
CC 7J
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t" . tint "tifnfWnhln nrrMliinprti. liiiLriH''riroflt.
f able .producers are nearly eaters.,.
. It Is usually mere guesswork to tell
tho ago of a hen by her appearance
after she has passed tho pullet stage.
Gentleness and patienco are al
ways important in tho dairy barn, but
doubly so when handling tho young
heifer.
Instead of feeding wet mashes to
chicks try giving cracked grain in
small quantities in litter. It's good
health insurance.
Cultivation hastens tho liberation
of plant food by permitting air to per
meate the soil and oxidize or burn out
the organic matter.
Live Btock husbandry will postpono
soil depletion for a longer period of
time than grain farming, but it will
uot prevent depletion.
The eggs from matured hens will
hatch better and produce stronger
chicks than tho eggB of pullets. They
are usually larger, too.
To avoid sore mouth in pigs, tho
little fellows should have their largo
front teeth removed as soon after
they are farrowed as possible.
When the plow horses are brought
in at noon the harness should bo re
moved and tho shoulders washed and
rubbed dry while they aro feeding.
The results of tho tillage experi
ments with disk and mold-board plows
indicate that for deep plowing tho
disk is preferable to tho mold
board plow.
While meat Is an excellent food for
egg production, on account of its ni
trogenous quality, there aro a num
ber of other feeds which also 'are high
In nitrogen, among which may bo found
linseed meal, malt sprouts and gluten
feeds.
Cows oro not nearly always to
blame for being unprofitable. Beforo
selling a cow to the butcher you
'should be able to look squarely at the
cow and say honestly that you have
done your part to get her to be a
profitable creature.
Shcop llko rapo. t
Scaly leg in very contagious.
Feed tho dairy cows a varloty.
A sod mulch protects tho orchard..
Evory idle aero Is a tax on every
acre in use I
The young calves need an abund
anco of sunlight.
Grooming is as important as feeding
for working horses.
Tho careful stockman gives his ma
nuro Bpreader dally exercise.
The United States produces moro
corn than oil tho rest of tho world.
Cows should not bo kept too long
on one ration, no matter how good.
The soft maple is a fast growing
tree that loves a fairly moist climate.
Moro fresh air and less hot air aro
what is needed in tho dairy business.
It should bo remembered that a
horse can do moro than his feet will
stand.
Whenever hogs are confined to ono
feeding place a feeding floor should bo
provided.
Butter Is eaten more as a relish
than for tho actual constituents it
contains.
The United States is reBponslblo
for two-thirds of tho cotton crop of
the world. ,
It is Just as necessary to fit a col-, 1
lar to a horso as it Is to fit a shoe
to the foot.
DuckB are very fond of dande
lions chopped and mixed with
ground grain.
From the time corn tassels out un
til it becomes ripe it increases its dry
matter five-fold.
A 20-acre poultry farm has been
added to the equipment of the Uni-'
verslty of Illinois.
Speaking of the matter now, sec-,
and crop clover added to corn im
proves tho ensilage.
Tho valuo of corn silage to tho beef(
producer is not limited to its use in
winter feeding alone.
A vessel holding 1,000 pounds of(
water will hold about 1,032 pounds
pounds of wholo milk.
Poultry balance their own rations
if they are given a wide variety of
feeds to select from.
Some farmers aro even so busy In
harvest time that they haven't time
to stop and do the oiling.
Always water first, then a little
hay, and follow with grain; this gives
the animal a chance to digest.
This Is a good time to put a square
of tar paper in the bottom of each'
nest box for tho benefit of lice.
The levelness with which a horso
walks Jb one.0f.tho besLevldences.
h'al hisT4legslvprirhamohyry y
When you get a good team let tho
other fellow whistle, but don't put a
price on it, and so invite its early
sale.
Preparo for the colt that's coming
by giving tho marc easy work, and'
plenty of nourishing food and good
water.
Penning chickens is the best way
to get a fine I flock, for It means that
you aro getting eggs from the best
hens you have.
Keep pigs growing from tho start.
Never lot them go short ono week be
cause you are busy looking nfter
something else.
For ft brood sow prefer one of good
length and breadth of body and
placed on short, strong, ' well-made
legs, set wldo apart.
When our henB are allowed to be
come overf at, a disorder, of the ovi
duct is often the result, which causes
it to "break down behind."
Silos will be built In large numbers
this year, as many farmers bad a sad
experience keeping their cattlo alive
during the long, severe winter.
Sour milk is about as good foi
growing a young calf as so much fog.
Ice-cold milk is but little better, and
excessive quantities are even worse.
It pleases the cow to bo milked
quickly, and gets her In the habit of
giving down promptly. It Is often tho
slow milkers that make tho strippers.
In tho feeding of ducklings, dry
grain is unsuitable. They will not
eat enough sharp grit to digest it.
Whole wheat and cracked corn,
boiled together and let stand until
cold, will give good results.
If you are bothered with rats
around the chicken coops, mix corn
meal with plaster of parts, and pro
vide plenty of drinking water near
by. The rats will eat tho piaster
and drink greedily. The water and
the plaster will unite and solidify,
killing the pests.
TWO IMPORTANT REQUISITES
IN PROFITABLE PEAR ORCHARD
Objects to bo Obtained In Prunlnjj and Training aro to
Secure Symmetrical, Evenly Balanced Heads
Admission of Sunlight and Air and
Foliage for Shade.
I T4ttWt,-
Intermediate or
(By G. B. BllACKETT, Pomologls.. Unit
ed States Department of Agriculture.)
Pruning and training are important
requisites in tho successful manage
ment of a pear orchard, Tho objects
to bo attained aro: (1) Symmetri
cal, evenly balanced heads; (2) tho
admission of sunlight and free cir
culation of air into all parts of the
treo tops; and (3) tho maintenance of
sufficient follago to protect tho trunks
and branches from the intenso heat of
the sun's rays, which would otherwise
bo likely to scald and injure botli treo
and fruit.
Pruning should begin as soon as tho
trees have been planted by cutting
back tho young treo at the time of
planting to tho height from the ground
it Is proposed to start tho branches to
form the head of tho tree, which
should not be over 12 to 15 inches, as
shown in figure 3. This cutting back
will cause several of the upper buds
to break and grow, thus starting tho
top or head at tho proper height. The
starting branches .should bo watched
and only such left to grow as aro to
form tho main branches. The
strongest shoots should bo left at
equal distances apart around the stem
and should tend obliquely outward so
as to spread and make an qpen head.
Tho second year these shoots should
be shortened back to tho extent of
about half of the growth, as shown
in figure 4. Tho same Plan should
bo continued the third nnd fourth
years.
In all pruning, to give the desired
form to tho head and especially while
tho treo is young, tho orchardist
should keep clearly fixed in his mind
the form of the tree as it Is to be
when old; for what may seem to be an
open head when the treo is young may
prove to be too denso nnd crowded
tfheniho tree. Is.qldey.ThoJnches
rshourd.'nflt bbtoo .clOBirtogether-'f or
.uuuveiutMii't; m, Kuiueriug uiijnui.
uuring jaie winter or in eariy
spring before tho sap starts, each
tree should be carefully looked over
Two-year-old pear tree. Tho lines
show where to cut back at time of
pruning. .
and all branches which are likely to
interfere with adjoining ones should
be cut out and the centers of dense
growth thinned out; side branches
which are making a stronger growth
then the others should be checked
by shortening in, so as to maintain
an evenly balanced head. Some va
rieties havo an upright habit of
growth and some make a slender,
straggling growth. All need attention
each year. In cutting back tho last
year's growth ho top bud should be
left on tho side of the branch feeing
the direction in which tho growth
needs to bo diverted. Dy this method
there will bo no difficulty in shaping
tho treo Into any desired form.
All pruning and training possible
should bo dono while the treeb are
young and tho growth of wood Is
tender. At such timo the healing
over is more rapid and complete, and
the treo suffers less Injury.
Old trees that have been neglected
ft '" I
Natural Form.
may be renewed by sevcro pruning
cutting buck all tho branches that are
not in a healthy condition. This prun
ing will cause now, vigorous shoots tc
grow. Tho now growth will need tc
bo cut back as occasion requires, lly
persistent pruning an entlro new top
may bo formed in a few years.
When tho removal of a largo brand;
1b necessary, tho wound should be cov
ered with grafting wax, paint, or some
other substance that will prevent
evaporation and keep tho wood from
checking and consequent decay.
The Intermediate form Is probablj
the best for training tho pear. It It
a compromise between tho vase and
the pyramidal forms and Its outlines
Vase or Goblet Form pf Top.
ttoiiuu nu ,i.uiivt;iiwuuui.. uj t't-V u
allowed to grow jhorb in accord with
Its natural habit, but ltimust bo check
ed moro or less in its growth so as
tq conform to tho Ideas of tho planter
Different varieties of tho pear varj
greatly in their habits of growth
Some trees aro upright and somo art
of n drooping habit Both of these
forms should bo modified. Upright
branches are shortened back and in
duced to spread out; and the limbs ol
the tree inclined to droop are en
couraged to grow moro nearly upright
RAISING BELGIAN
HARES PROFITABLE
Care In Selection of Stock XoFlrol
Important Consideration
in Starting in the
Buaineos.
Tho so-called Belgian hare 1b a
domesticated form of the wild rabbit
of Europe, being bred with reference
to its valuo as a food animal, and its
flesh is now gcnerall considered bet
ter for food than that of the ordinary
hutch rabbit.
Rabbits may bo propagated without
costly Investment in land and build
ings, and possess the further advan
tage that they contribute another ani
mal to the farm stock that may bo
killed and prepared for the table at
short notice. As n rule, the same
treatment applies to all forms of rab
bits, except tho lop-eared variety,
which require heated quarters in win
ter. Caro in tho selection of stock is thr
first important consideration upon
entering upon tho raising of rabbits,
and for tho rest of the enterprise only
observation and Judgment are essen
tial. While not affording largo profits,
the raising of rabbits in a small way
may bo mado interesting and fairly
remunerative, us well ns affording an
agreeable cbango in tho family diet
where ordinary meats aro high priced
or difficult to obtain.
Separate Ailing Chick.
At the flrat uUjn of drooplness in r
chick separate it from the rest of thr
flock and it it does not quickly re
novcr use the ax and burn the body.
WMMf
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WARM BROODER FOR CHICKS
Ono 8o Arranged That Little Follow.
May Get Their Backs Up Against
Cloth-Covered Heater.
In describing a chicken broodor, in
Invented by W. O. Wltham of Salem,
Ore-., tho Scientific Amorlcan says:
In this patent tho invention has rof
erenco to chlckon brooders, and the
object is to provide ono having a
Chicken Brooder.
heater, curved in cross section, which
permits the chicks to get their backs
up against tho cloth-covered henter, bo
that their bodies may bo warmed In
Who natural wny. Another objoct 1b to
provldo mcanB for warming the heater,
which will uso to tho best advantage
tho heat supplied by tho lamp. As
warm air from terminals passes
through tho openings shown in the top
of tho brooder In tho perspective view,
"it will tend to draw with it nlr from
tho housing chamber, which will in
suro a circulation of air.
TO DESTROY INJURIOUS LICE
Ten Drops of Pennyroyal Added to I
lamespooniui or unvo uu win
Prove Effective.
Grease Is recommqndcd for llco, but
chicks abhor it, nnd It should not be
used unless It Ib absolutely necessary.
Never uso coal oil on young chicks,
for it is irritating and likely to scald
tho flesh.
If tho largo llco aro found on the
chicks, sweet oil -will answer tho pur-i
pose Just as well, and tho chicks will
not mind it as much. Ten drops ol
pciinyroyal may bo added to a large
tablespoonful of olive oil. With the
finger rub o'no or two drops well un
der tho wings and down tho head
nnd neck of tho chicks. Tho small
lice mny bo got rid of easily, but the
largo gray ones stick very closo nnd
nro hard to get otf.
The largo llco will kill tho young
chicks, and tho owner never knows
what tho trouble is. They are hard to
discern, nnd will Buck blood from
tho little fellows until their vitality
is exhausted, when they die. Watch
tho young chickens very closely, and
'do not allow them to bo postered
with tho largo lice, nor tho small
ones, cither, for they also will do s
great doal of hhrm In many ways.
FEEDER OPERATED BY HENS
California Man Invents Contrivance
Worked Automatically by Chick-
" niQpotlPHwl8fn?
. - - V tfVVl' ft"- V 4'pmP -il
rcopio "wno regara cnicKeim u noi
having enough sense to get in out oi
tho wet will havo to revlso their opin
ions. A California man who knows
something nbout fowls has designed a
feeder which is operated automatically
by tho chickens themselves, and if a
hen is too dumb sho is apt to starve
to death. A hopper containing feed it
placed' on a trestle. Tho Valvo from
which tho feed is discharged is nor
mally kept closed by tho weight on
qno side of the swinging fulcrum. To
open tho valve, weight must bo ap
plied to tho other sltlo of tho fulcrum
find this is dono by the chicken Jump-
Chicken Feeder.
ing upon a projecting arm. When she
sees a few kernels of corn sho Jumps
down and enta them and then has to
spring up again to release some more,
thus getting exorciso and an appetite
for dinner.
Best Land for Turkeys.
On farms having high, dry land,
which has a light growth of grass, and
whero a new breeding gobbler has
lately been Introduced, tho largest
flocks and tho most thrifty looking
turkeys are found.
Keep Chicken Separated. N
Never allow chicks of all ages to run
togothor. Tho stronger and largon
ones will got most of tho food, and
will fight nnd crowd tho weaker ones
till, if they do llvo, will never amount'
to anything.
Xle
Omoo
- ' "gr
Woll-uli, Mlstnli White Man, I llsaon whut
yo say;
I lull en tok mnh linbltn on I thr'ow dem
nil nwny.,
Dcy come on nst mo conxln won 1 shoot
some crnps ternlght.
t tun en holler. "Satan, yo' dess liusslo
out mnh xlRhtl"
En now doss ev'y niawnln when I nlttln'
out o bald ,
t lookln' fo do luilo dnt yo' Mow btow
on mnh haldl '
Whali dnt hnlo fo' tnali linldT
"Wlinh dqm wlnRH dnt gwlno ter sprout?
t lookln' fo doin nl'nys
Hut dey nln' ylt pcepln' out!
Umph-ulit MIstali Whlto Man, wlion yo
tol' inn nil mnh sins
En up en hIiow mo vlu'rotis whnli do lonff,
strulRht rond bcglnn, ,
V'o Rot mo scnlhed o dancln, en yo' fix
mo so dnt now
Do snucalln' o' a flddlo molt mo want
tor run, somehow!
I do no doublo-nhufdcs on I cut no plgcon-
wlnss
Cut I nln' sec no hnlo en dom Bplcndld,
yuthch thlnes.
Whnh dnt hnlo dnt yo' say
Gwlno ter set dess Ink lilt fit?
Whnh dem vtnns ter lly nwny?
Not a fenthch sprouted ylt!
Lnwzy, Mlstnli Whtta Mnn, when yo' tulC
mo by d linn'
En' 'zohted mo tor npuhn 'cm en ter show
mnhseff a mnn,
To' conx mo twoll 1 promlso dnt I doan'
piny enhds no mo'
Dcss when I lun tor tun do Jack fo''
trumps threo tlmcp In fo'!
I feels mnhseff bnokslidln', en I's nachrMy
lettln no
Dnt hnlo dnt yo' tnlk of, hit a!n' novalt.
mndo no show,
Whnh dat hnlo en dem wings?
Mlstoh White Mnn, donn' yo' see
Dnt It nln' Rwlno do no kqoA
Te bo Rood ce I kin bo?
Literary Comment.
The November Chnutnuquan pub-
night say offhand that' porsplrationi
Is tho same tho world over.
It may bo that the United States
being tho land of liberty perspiration
Is manifested moro freoly than in
England. However, it is a summer,
subject, wo should think.
Uncle Sam is usually represented
is a slender man. while John Bull is
nlwnys pictured fat and rod-fneod.
Tho latter typo of man is generally
Bupposed to lose flesh moro rapidly be
tauso of perspiration. However, tho
iklnny man Is sold to suffer moro'
from the heat. Wo don't know yet
what the problem 1b, but wo Bhould
jay that if an Amorican citizen -wantB
to Bweat In England ho can appoal to
his diplomatic representative if he is
forcibly restrained. Wo nro in favor
of granting tho same right to an Eng
lish subject in our land. Fair play
ill around, wo Bay. Thero need bo no
problem at all. Let each man be a
law unto himself, especially in hot
wenther.
Maybe tho problem in England 1b to
imin Tnn nvAi-ncn British hotel clerk
move fast enough to induce perspira
tion at all.
Knew His Limitations.
"Old man," wo say to our friend,
it's none of our business, of course,
but why did you drink so much wlno
and eat nothing at all at tho dinner?"
"I know whero I git off," replies our
'rlcnd, whoso lack of refinement 1b off
set by his possession of riches. "I
enn't figgor out where an' when to uso
ill them knives an' forks, but I'm
Ihcrp when it comes to usln' tho glass
es, Kid."
Much Above It.
"Yes," they said, "Mr. DIggem 1b;
above his occupation."
"What," wo asked, "does he do?''
"He," they replied, "is a well-drlll
cr."
A Hard Problem.
First Scientist This is a puzzling
case, indeed.
Second Scientist I should say so.
Why, this would puzzlo on amatour
rclentist.
id
The Futility
of Things
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