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About The North Platte semi-weekly tribune. (North Platte, Neb.) 1895-1922 | View Entire Issue (June 28, 1912)
yjrWs iqim'&itoW w ft 3 CONTROL OF INJURIOUS PEAR . , I n i KM . H ru t 11 'I Ul I ( I i 1 if1 II: ll! ki I v. ' ) . I- if J, W' ft. I!) li IV .1 K " 5 R i.; ,! 14 k .H E8f3i iTidpiipnclPTicp Js i j V-- awfea Piii 'l mi hwVkmlmii im i JW If IfcWM11 itii oa-1 cbszxr jzaaxzcdcsa? rJU iir T a , r JZJ?Ao&SSSjY 77ZWQtZi INCH wo bont over our child hood histories wo havo always had an Idea that our fathers sovercd tho ties with Great Hrlfnln nti (tin Frill r til nf .IlllV. rx!ftn9 177G- nml wo havo hnd tl10 word of no lesB authority than ThoinaB Jefferson, the author of that hallowed instrument, that tho Declaration was signed on that date, on whose nnnl- 4 vcrsary tho great futher of democracy died. But William II. Michael, chief clerk and historian of tho department of stato, says no, and for years lie has tolled for his country beneath tho samo roof which flholtcrs tho sacred document; has had tho nation's archives at his fingerB' ends. "Tho Indopendenco of tho United States was declared by resolution on the 2nd of July, and tho ndoptlon of tho form of declara tion on tho 4th of July wns a secondary mat tor," eays Mr. Michael. "It is a llttlo Btrango that inoro Importance wns not attached to tho 2d of July in connection with tho Decla ration of Indepusdcnco. Tho resolution in troduced by Richard Henry Leo, which de clared our Independence, wau passed on that day (July 2, 177G). This was real ly tho vital point tho crucial Junc ture." Tho real net of Independence, which Mr. Michaol hnB had repro duced in fac-Blmilo, was, then, tho Leo resolution, declaring: "That theso united colonics nro, nnd of right ought to be, frco and Independent Btntes; that they aro absolved from all allcglanco to tho British crown, and that nil political connection botweon them nnd tho stato of Great Britain is, and ought to bo, totally dissolved." Concerning tho actual dato of tho Declaration's signing, Mr. Mi chael sayfl: "Mr. Jefferson in his account Btntos that nil tho mem bers present, except Mr. Dickinson, fllguod tho Declaration In tho ovo nlng of tho Fourth of July. Tho journal Bhows that no ono signed It that evening except Mr. Hancock nnd Mr. Thomson. Tho Journal en try is: 'Signed by order nnd in bo lmlf of Congress, John Hancock, President. Attest, Charlos Thom son, Secretary.' . .' . On August 2 tho Declaration, as engrossed un dor tho order of Congress, was algned by all of tho members of Congress presont." What really did happen on July 4 of that year ' of years was tho final ndoptlon of a draft of tho "form, of announcing tho fact to tho world" that lndopondonco had been decreed two dnyB before. Jefferson had written this draft in his Philadel phia npartments, consisting of a roady-furnlshed parlor and bodroom in tho new brick house of Hymnn Oratz at tho southwest corner of Seventh and Market Btroots, "on tho outskirts of tho city." Tho Penn national bank, now occupying tho slto of this dwelling, Is In tho very buBlncas heart of Philadelphia. Jefferson's disgust at tho changes mndo In bis draft is described by Mr. Michael. Tho Conti nental Congress struck out tho languago charg ing tho king with Inciting "treasonable Insurrec tions with out follow-cltlzens," by promising them confiscated property; with carrying on tho alavo trado nnd refusing to allow American legislatures to suppress It. Whilo theso and many other clauses woro bolng Btrlckon out of his draft "Jof ferBon Bat In his soat without raising his volco In dofenso of his own work, notwithstanding ho writhed in agony as ho saw some of IiIb most cherished paragraphs nnd sentences eliminated from tho document." Tho .historian, John Adams, othorwlso a critic of tho Declaration, complained that somo of tho draft's host partB, particularly that indicting tho king for continuing tho slave .trndo, Bhould not havo been Btrlckon out "Yet Jt will bo well to remember," Mr. Michael says, "that Georgia nnd South Carolina woro both car rying on tho slavo trndo nt this tlmo as energet ically as thoy wcro nblo, nnd other colonies hnd profited largoly by tho tralllc. Honco it wns ridiculous to arraign tho king for doing the samo thing." Aftor very heated discussions of this form of announcing CongreSB' real stroke of indopen denco, on July 2 discussions which kept Indo pendenco Hall, Philadelphia, In a whirl of ex citement throughout tho noxt two days this form of announcement, tho Declaration of Indo pendenco, was adopted on tho night of July 4. At tho closo of that ovonlng's BosBlon Charles Thom son, secretary of tho Continental Congress, wont to tho Bhop of John Dunlay, tho ofllclal printer, nnd had tho corrected draft sot up, Copies of this flrst "broadsldo print" woro sont to tho assem blies, conventions nnd councils of Hnfety through out tho colonies nnd to tho commanding officers of tho Continental troops. It 1b probnblo that it was one of theso printed copies, bearing tho names of Hnncock nnd Thomson only, that Georgo Washington ordered proclaimed at the head of tho Continental regiments, Dut tho "original Declaration," which all pil grims to, Washington formerly gazed upon in awo nnd rovoronce, wns not ordorcd written for moro than two wcoks after that long but unjustly hal lowed July 4 On July 19 Congross ordered that tho Declaration bo "fairly engrossed on parch ment." and that "tho eamo, when engrossed, bo signed ny every member of CongroBs." Somo 'tlmo within tho next two weeks the benutlful pon--work which thousands of Americans havo since -54535y25Za5Vttd? -SfZ? marveled at and admired was executed upon tho great strip of sheepskin now locked awny in tho department of stato, Washington. On August 2, 177C, Just a month aftor tho real Btroko of Independence, this groat sheopskln was unrolled in tho prcBonco of tho Continental Con gross, In Indopendenco Hall. With tho wording of tho corrected draft It was carefully "compared nt tho tabic" This formality gono through with, It was spread out upon n desk and signed by all of tho members of Congress present. Fifty of theso fathers of tho republic signed on that day. Six of tho rovered "signers" did not nfllx their signatures until later dates." Georgo Wythe of Virginia Bigned about August 27. Richard Honry Leo, Virginia; Elbridgo Gerry, Massachusetts, and Oliver Wnlcott, Connecticut, did not nfllx tholr signatures until somo tlmo In September. . Mat thew Thornton of Now Hampshire did not add his namo until November, nnd Thomns McKoan of Delaware probably did not nfllx his. tho flnnl slg nature, until flvo years later, or 1781. Matthew Thornton, by tho wny, was not appointed to Con gress until Novombor four months nftor tho adoption of tho Declaration. Other signers who woro not members of Congress on July 2 or 4. but wero allowed to sign on August 2, tho general Blgnlng day, woro Benjamin Rush, James Wilson. Georgo Ross, Georgo Clyihor and Georgo Taylor. Why- two Georgia mombors did not Blgn Is ox plained by Mr. Michaol. Ono of theso. Rov. John Joachim Zubly of Savannnh, as soon as It bo enmo npparont that lndopondonco wns to bo declared, hnd fled post hasto from Philadelphia to Georgia with tho Intention of apprising Sir James Wright, tho crown governor of Georgln. of what wns going on behind tho closed doors of Inde pendonco Hall. Zubly's conduct hnvlng oxcltod suspicion, ho had boon closely watched, and ono of his lottorn to tho British governor had been seized. It nppoarlng boyond douot that ho was divulging tho secrets of tho oxecutlvo sessions, then so zealously plnnnlng tho stroko for liberty, ho had been accused of his porfldy on tho floor of tho Congross by Snmuol Chaso, mombor from Maryland. Zubly had donled theso charges, and ' challenged proof, It hnd been tho furnishing of this proof that hnd caused his flight. Congross directed John Houston, nnothor Georgia delegate, to follow Zubly and clrcumvont his evil purposes. By tho tlmo both members reached Goorgla, how ovor, tho crown governor had boendoposod by tho people, and had taken rofugo in an nrmod British vossol lying In Savannah harbor. Thus Zubly'B treachery enmo to naught, but It choated Houston out of his opportunity to sign tho Decla ration, and loft Georgia with only threo Instead of flvo signers. Why Houston did not elgn with tho other tardy members Is not discussed In tho history, but his name should bo as endeared to tho hearts of Americans as nny of tho actual Blgnora. Zubly, by tho wny, after being banished from Georgia, with tho loss of half of his estate, was allowed to return to his pastoral work In 8avannah, which city honors him by allowing two highways to bear his nmo Joachim and Zubly streets. Twenty-four of tho signers wero lawyers, four teen agriculturists, four physicians, nine mer chants, ono a manufacturer, ono a clergymnn and threo had prepared for tho calling of clergymen, but had chosen other vocations, acocrding to Mr. Michael Heaven sems to havo rewarded them generally with long life, for threo lived to bo over 90, ton ovor 80, eleven over 70, fourteen over CO. eleven over 50, and six ovor 44, although ono. Thomas Lynch. Jr., was accidentally drowned at sea when only 30. Thus tho average ago of tho signers was ovor 02 years. What has happened to tho famous Declaration slnco Its signing is recounted by Mr. Michael. In 1789, Congress authorized "the secretnry for tho department of foreign affairs" to take charge of it, along with other records' books and papers of tho Continental Congress. Tho same year tho department of foreign affairs becamo the depart ment of slate, which has, to all Intents and pur poses, remained the depository of tho Declaration ever slnco. Tho great document was from 1841 to 1877, however, doposlted in tho patent office, for many years a bureau of tho department of stato, and was allowed to remain there after tho patent office was placed under tho interior depart ment, tho old department of state not being flreproor, whilo tho patent office building was believed to bo so. After tho present fireproof state, war and navy building was finished tho decla ration was returned to Its legal de pository. UntlJ 1804 tho Declaration was framed and displayed in n steel cab Inot in tho library of tho department of state,, where all visitors might seo it, but in that year it was hermetically scaled in a frame and placed in a drawer of another steel cabinet con structed to protect also the original signed copy of tho Consttlutlon. Hero tho Declaration still remains, locked nnd sealed by order of Secretary Hay, and It is no longer shown to any one, oxcopt by his direction. A complete collection of biographies and artistic portraits of tho signers of tho Declaration has been mado by Mr. Michaol for his work, which will be distributed only through members of CongresB. Only by dint of correspon dence extending over many years and great personal effort has Mr. Michael obtained the portraits of Button, Gwinnett, John Hart and Thomas Lynch, of whom it was hitherto be lieved there wero no Ilkonesses In ox- istenco MBt ot tno Portralts aro attiir Trumbull and the ono of Benjamin Harrison, by this artist, had to bo painted aftor Harrison's death from mlnuto personal descriptions furnished by rela tlvos and friends who approved tho finished like ness. I SLUG IS DIFFICULT PROBLEM 'Hellebore, Lead Arsenate and Paris Greon Amonjr Least Expensive of Sprays for Eradication of Pest Wfalch. Common in Several States in Central Part of Country. (By B. L. WEBSTER.) Nearly every -year cherry and plum 'trees in the central states suffer a largo amount of damngo on account ff tho common pear slug, or cherry slug. Whilo tho control oT this Insect has not been considered a very diffi cult problem, yet it often happens that foliage Is greatly damnged beforo tho owner is awaro that any slugs nro on his trees. The pear slug, or cherry slug, is a dark, almost black, slimy slug, about two-flftha of an Inch long when full grown, which feeda on cherry, pear and plum leaves. Theso slugs feed on tho upper sides of tho leaves, eating out all tho tissue except tho veins and tho lower surface. Tho Injured leaves become dry and brown and fall from the trees, which are sometimes left entirely baro of foliage In midsummer. Trees aro often killed ns a result of repeated defoliation. A short crop of fruit follows a severe attack by this The Sage of Monticello "The Sago ot Monticello" Is tho nlcknnmo that was applied to Thomas Jefferson for tho samo reason and In much tho samo manner as Daniel Webster was given tho title "Tho Sago of Marsh field." Jefferson won tho title of "sago" for the many glorious truths ho uttered, nnd as Webster loved every Inch of tho ground of tho beautiful Capo Cod village of Marshfleld, and Its calm sconory ho believed gavo him Just such Inspira tion as ho needed, bo at Monticello, Jefferson's Virginia estate, tho great statesman found tho most delightful rotrcat from his labors, and tho essonco of contentment, which inspired him to larger, greater nnd moro beneficial things for tho betterment of his country. Jefferson was born at Shadwoll, the homestead of tho family, "near Charlottesville, Va. When that estate was destroyed by flro In 1770, along with Its furniture, books and his law papers, ho sought out another location which wns oven more attractlvo to him. About two miles from -tho Shadwell house wns a hill named by Jefferson, Monticello (llttlo motint). This eminence com manded a view of surprising beauty, and ho choso th,Is place as tho site for a mansion that should embody his Ideas of architecture an art upon which ho oxpondod much thought and In which ho was more than an amatour. After tho flro tho buHdlng of a now house upon his "llttlo mount" was pushed rapidly, and In something moro than a year a section was mado ready for occupancy. In 1772 Jefferson married and brought to hia new mansion Martha Skolton, a childless widow of 22. In a letter written from Paris In 178C to Mrs. Marla Conway, Jofforson, referring to his homo, said: "And our own dear Monticello. whoro hns naturo spread so rich a mantlo undor tho eye? Mountains, forests, rocks, rivers. With what majesty do wo thero rldo abovo tho storms. How suhllmo to look down into tho workhouse of naturo, to seo hor clouds, hall, snow, rain, thunder, all fabricated at our fcot! And the glorious sun when rising as if out of a distant wntor, Just gilding tho tops of tho mountains, and giving life to all nature." Jofforson's public llfo began In 17G9, when he took his seat as a member of tho Virginia house of burgesses. Ho was twenty-six yoarB of ago at tho time This was only a llttlo moro than two yoars previous to his occupancy of Monticello, which ho callod his homo during tho remainder of his llfo. Thoreforo nil tho great things In tho llfo of this great American wero centered about this "llttlo mount," nnd noxt to tho homo of Wash ington at Mount Vernon, tho homo of Jefferson at Monticello, both In the same state, Is ono of tho great American shrines. Tho Pear Slug. Insect, on account of tho weakened condition of tho tree. Trees that havo been damaged by the slugs appear as if they had been damaged by fire. Tho leaves turn brown, curl up and finally fall. Cherry trees, urider such conditions, are forced to put out a new growth of leaves, "weakening the tree and re ducing tho crop of fruit the following year. The slugs appear twlco during the year, and trees should be sprayed as soon as they appear. They flrst make their appearance about tho middle of Juno, and the second appearance 1b about tho third week in July. Insect powder can be used against theso slugs by merely dusting it over tho leaves. Hellebore may bo used either In a dry or liquid form. It must be fresh for effective use. For a dry appllca- Parls green, ono pound in 150 gal Ions of water, 1b also effective. Soma quicklime, about a pound to each CO gallons of water, should bo added to tho spray, to prevent burning of tha leaves. Kcroscno emulsion kerosene, twe gallons; hard soap, one-half pound; water, ono gallon 1b good. Tho soap is dissolved by boiling in water and is then churned up with tho kcroscno until tho two aro emulsified into a white, dreamy mixture. Tho stock so lution is then diluted with water, while still warm, to tho required amount. To obtain a ten per cent, solution one part of tho stock solution, prepared as stated, should bo diluted with 6 2-3 parts of water. Whale oil soap, ono pound to two gallons of water; white laundry soap and Ivory soap, ono ten-ounce bar to two gallons of water, have proven ef fective. Tho soap is merely dissolved In wator by boiling, nnd sprayed while still warm. Hellebore, lead arsenate nnd paris green are tho least expensive of these treatments. If a spraying is neces sary whilo there is fruit on tho trees, hellebore or somo other material than arsenical should be used. Cultivation under infested trees is of value, sinco It disturbs the cocoona in tho soil there. Since tho slugs Bpend tho greater part of the year in the ground under tho trees infested in the summer it follows that a thorough stirring of tha soil -would tend to break up tho co coons containing tho slugs, nnd so ex pose them to the elements. Berlese has suggested this measure against this insect in Italy. This cultivation would bo most offectlVe in the fall so that tho cocoons might be exposed during tho winter. Spring cultivation Angouleme Pear. tion use hellebore, one pound to flvo pounds of air-slaked lime. For a liquid application ubo It ono pound to a barrel of water. Lead arsenato (prepared), two pounds ifl CO gallons of water, is effective. TEACH COLT TO BE HALTER-WISE Vounr Iloroeo Should Bo Taken in Huud Wlien Llttlo Fellows and Quite Euolly Handled. (By M. COVERDELL.) You often seo a man kick and cuff tho colt around every tlmo it happens to got in tho way. After a whilo you will notice this samo follow with tho family out help ing him to hem up a two-year-old colt whilo ho can put a halter on him. And for tho first two or threo times they get tho halter on they havo a reg ular circus In teaching tho animal to lead and bo halter-wlso. U'b mighty hard and dangerous work, too, this breaking in big, strong, two-year-old colts. Why not tako tho llttlo fellows In Easter Beurre Pear. would also be of value in disturbing tho cocoons. According to Dr. L. O. Howard, chief of the bureau of entomology at Washington, the slugs may bo easily washed off of small trees by a strong stream of water applied from a gar den hose under heavy pressure. When, washed to tho ground they aro unable to regain their places on the leaves. Such a measure as this would bo qulto feasible on a small scale In cities, or where water pressure la available. Spraying Is undoubtedly tho best remedy for tho pear slug. Of tho two generations tho first Ib the harder to combat, especially on cherry trees, since tho fruit is present on tho trees at about tho same time that tho slugs are abundant. Consequently duo caro must bo taken In the use of arsenical poisons nt that time. Arsenical poi sons may be used freely for tho sec ond generation in tho late summer. Tho pear slug ig rarely destructivo in any locality for many years at a time. This alternating abundanco and scarcity of the insect is due for tho most part to tho activity of its natural enemies, the most .abundant of which, are two small egg parasites. hand when they aro small, easily handled and quick to learn? Slip tho halter on the colt occasionally. By slow degrees got it accustomed to leading up when tho lead-strap is tightened and you move. But don't get In a hurry. Tho colt has been used to going ahcal of you so don't expect it to follow too soon. A lump of sugar or a few oats held In tho band Just In front of tho little follow nro much better trainers in teaching it to lead than dragging It by tho lead strap and having some one behind It with a club or a fishing polo to "shoo" It along. Vegetables In China. In China tho natives preservo vege tables by coating them with salt and drying them in tho sun. Hams nro cured by means, of nn nlkallno earth and common salt. Pickled eggs aro preserved with a compound of com mon mud, salt, Baltpeter and soy bean sauco. COVERING AND RIDGING POTATO An implomont for covering and ridg ing potatoes is bUowii In tho illustra tion. Tho runners, A, A, are of hard wood, C feet long, six inches high and 2 inchos thick, with iron plates on bottom. Front crosspieco E is 3 feet long and rear crosspleco O Is 1 foot. One man drives whilo another holds rear end in place by the handlo D. The device Is handy and Inexpensive. A v . A i .. ..Airt -C5wUn2A fZAvr" i 4imym-2 OCHtWw-JMtF .-!--'-