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About The North Platte semi-weekly tribune. (North Platte, Neb.) 1895-1922 | View Entire Issue (June 21, 1912)
Hogs llko fresh water. Lookout for currant worms. Too much sun is bad for chicks. Do not allow too many pigs to run tpgether. Let your horses' take their time tho first hour. Soft shelled eggs Indicate a lack of limo in tho feed. Poor fences soon breed and train up a herd of breachy Btock. BORDEAUX MIXTURE IS MOST POPULAR FUNGICIDE NOW USED First Essential Is to Securo a Sufficient Supply of Lime and Sulphate of Copper to Last Through Second Spraying After Blooms Fall Harmless to Fruit and Foliage. IMPORTANCE OF PROPER CARE FOR HORSE OFTEN OVERLOOKED Most Dangerous Time to Glvo Animal Water Is When He Haq Cooled Down From Hard Work and Has Partaken of Hearty Moul Largo Open Shed Is Recommended for Shelter. P? ) tr Wm, HZf W T j y 5 More silos and less rotten corn shocks will Increase profits. Cut up dandelions and the. tender young shoots of grass for tho chicks. Above all thlngB glvo tho calves ,v NOTES zS?-ojj2-. MBIDOWBROOK ms- FARM f& &jfV. II WW Spinach is easy to grow. Keep the brooders clean. Growing chicks requiro meat. Poultry require much attention. j Corn Is tho best finishing food for hogs. 1 Tho freshest eggs always hatch tho best. Plan for a big lot of rootB for tho sheep this year. Easier to hatch a fine lot of chicks than it Is to raise them. Keep a good brood bow as long as sh will produce satisfactory litters. Bo suro that tho heifer is well de veloped before allowing her to be bred. It Is better to give a cow' six to eight weeks' rest between periods of lacta tion. The disadvantage about June chicks is that they will not mature for laying in tho fall. Young chicks sometimes occupy nestB that have been so long used that they are alive with vermin. Neglect to keep one's obligations to furnish eggs has been the ruination of a great many poultry farmers. Some poultrymen feed cut bone the year around, and records show an In crease in their laying capacity. A two-weeks diet of cornmeal and sklmmllk will mean an extra profit on any culled qut birds to be marketed. The best calves should be selected from each year's crop. This is the only way to keep tho herd in good shape. Never, misrepresent the age of an egg. You can't afTord to sell your soul for the sake of selling a few eggs. The sheep's meridian of life is six years. After that the downhill side comes at a protty,good jog. It pays to remember this. If the young chicks have gapes, you may bo sure that the soil is contami nated by gape worms, somewhere near the poultry yard. According to Prof. K. C. Davis of the new Jersey agricultural experi ment station, alfalfa is as easily grown as any hay crop. Bo sure there are no narrow doors for the ewes to crowd through. One jam may causo the loss of a lamb, or both ewe and lamb. It is much easier to start with stock that is a proven success than It is to breed up. Tho latter is a costly as well as tiresome experiment. According to those who have eggs for hatching there will bo many new fanciers. These breeders are report ing large numbers of small sales. A small Investment will fix up al most any stable. With a few more windows and some ventilating" flues tho result will be thoroughly valuable. Tho best -weaner you can put on tho calf is never to allow it to suck the cow after tho first few days, the first milk (colostrum) being necessary for the calf. It is commonly supposed that the feeding of hogs in summer is cheap er than in winter, because in winter much' of the food is used to supply animal heat Many farmers who make poultry culture a side issue are apt to get it too much on tho side. Make it a branch of tho farm work, and glvo it good business attention. Beginning now, a succession of patches planted to Bweet corn, cane, cowpeaB, etc., will come in handy for cow feed when pastures get short about three months hence. Make sure that the calf does not get to the cow again, onco it is sep arated from her and put on the sklm mllk diet, as it will not only tend to spoil tho calf, but will cause the cow to worry after her calf and reduce her milk flow. Market or otherwise remove the males from the flock bb soon na no more eggs for hatching aro wanted. They havo no influence on the number of eggs produced, and infertile eggs keep much the best, especially in . warm weather. clean, dry pens with plenty of sun shine. In trimming raspberry and black berry bushes, look out for tho gall beetle. Faults in a' herd can bo eliminated most quickly by careful breeding and selection. A hot sweat-collar is apt td soften the shoulders of a horse, If you do not look out. -i A concrete tank will not spring a leak and at the same time it will al ways bo ready for uso7 If possible keep the ewes with twin lambs separate from other sheep for a week or so at least. Provided your cow. Is a good one, tho more she is fed along right lines, tho more she will give. It has been found advantageous to wash the Inside of the silo wltlf a mixture of cement and water. Put a bull ring in tho noso of the chronic self-sucking cow and you have a humane, effectivo remedy. Dairy work is Just llko any kind ot work. If It is going to be done profit ably It requires thought and care. Silo users assert that they have found a way to cut down the cost of handling cows at least one-third. Lack of charcoal, grit and green food together with animal rations In insufficient quantities means failure. The dairyman, if he will uso tho means that are at hand, can build up his boII better than any other far mer. There is no animal on the farm, that turns a larger profit in propor tion to tho money invested than a, sheep. Old sheep sometimes mako good money for experienced sheepmen, but young sheepmen should start with young sheep. Some cows begin to "go back' when they reach tho age of eight but many others are still profitable at twelve to fifteen. (t is no little labor to keep a stall where several calves run clean and dry, but there is no other way if you want to raise god calves. Don't expect the team to do a hard day's work In the field and then trot a half dozen miles to town and back again after supper. The profit in keeping cows comes from the extra amount of milk that they glvo abovo tho ordinary yield on common pasture or coarse feed. Hogs should havo access to svatei at all times, and running water Is to be preferred, unless it flows through farms where other hogs are kept. It costs money to Inclose the chick en yard, of course, but It costs less than the toll exacted by cats, dogs and rats helping themselves to the young chickens. Growing chlckenB require much meat, In order to produce the vigor that will aid them to resist all kinds of disease and even the attackB of lice and mites. Good care consists In doing every thing from milking and caring for the cows to marketing the butter or cream as if your whole life success depend ed upon it. Hog cholera can be readily pre vented by keeping the source of con tamination away from the herd by protecting the well animals from all carriers of the infection. Nothing is more dellclotiB than sweet corn, and if planted at intervals, perhaps by making two or three plant ings of It, a succession can be kept up all summer and late In fall. The size of tho udder Is not tho only point to be considered In Judging an udder. It should be soft and pli able and milk down until It is left like a dish rag at tho end of a milking. They are plowing with dynamite now to such an extent that ono manu facturer of explosives sold to farmers 500,000 pounds In 1908, 750,000 pounds In 1909, l,500,pOO pounds in 1910, 3, 000,000 pounds in 1911, and the indi cations are that this one concern will ship 5,000,000 pounds to farmers this year. Equipment for mixing Bordeauxmlxture. No. 1, elevated water sup ply tank, No. 2, stock solution tank for sulphate of copper. No. 5, stock solution tank for lime. No. 6, elevated slaking box for lime. No. 3, tank for diluting sulphate of copper solution. No. 4, tank for' diluting llmo so lution. Nob. 3 and 4 each have attached a hose through which the di luted solutions are run together through tho strainer Into the spray tank. No. 7, a strainer. (By W. H. CHANDU3R. Missouri Col lege of Agriculture.) Bordeaux mixture is a fungicide mado by combining a solution of sul phate of copper (blue vitriol) with a solution of lime. This resulting sub stance Is not soluble In water, but verylowly Goes to the bottom ot the liquid1. It is a flocculent, pasty sub stance that stlckB exceedingly well to the leaves. Tho Btrength of Bordeaux mixture is generally given In terms of GO gal lons. Thus standard Bordeaux mlx- ture 4:4:50 means that there aro four pounds of sulphate of copper, four pounds of lime and 50 gallons of water. Bordeaux mixture 2:3:50 means that there are two pounds -of Bulphato .of copper, three pounds of lime in 50 gallons of water. Bordeaux mixture Is ono of tho old est and best known and most widely used fungicides. It will control more fungous diseases than any other known fungicides used for spraying. Thus it is effectivo on Apple Scab, Bit ter Rot, Apple Blotch nnd practically all other fungous diseases which may bo controlled by summer spraying. It sticks to the foliage better than any known fungicide, and is probably slightly less expensive than any other fungicide of equal effectiveness. While Bordeaux mlxMire is a very effectivo spray, it la usually fairly farmless to tho fruit and foliage. How ever, there will likely be a slight yel lowing and browning of the leaves, due to the injury from the use of Bordeaux mixture. Another more se rious injury Is observed on the fruit. Tho apple may bo sometimes coated with russet, caused by injury to the skin from Bordeaux mixture. The two sprayings at which this Injury Is to ho observed are those just after tho bloom when the apple Is still coat ed with a tender, hairy covering. At this tlmo the Bkln Is very easily In jured, and If Bordeaux mixture Is used it Is used at a strength not greater than two pounds of blue stone and three pounds of lime to fifty gallons of wa ter. The first essential for making Bor deaux mixture Is a supply of lime nnd sulphate of copper from which It la made. Before the spraying Benson begins, it Is certainly desirable that enough sulphate of copper be pur dhased to last through' the second spraying after tho blooms fall. If tho orchard is in a section where there N.l Na Z H,3l Urn-- U,s Equipment for mixing Bordeaux mixture In a Email way. No. 1, lime slaking' box. No. 2, stock solution bar rel for lime. No. 3, stock solution barrel for sulphate of copper. No. 4, barrel spray pump. No. 5, bucket for dipping and measuring stock solu tions. Two such buckets would be highly desirable. has been great danger from frost, it may bo deslrablo not to order more than this amount and to place a sec ond order where it Is plain there Is going to a crop. However, the first three sprayings mny be given be foro wo know whether or not there will be a crop, and it is bo important that they bo given at tho right time, that sufficient sulphate of copper to give them should always be ordered during tho winter. The price of sulphate of copper will vary from five to eight cents. If the llmo can bo secured from local deal ers, of course It may be purchased is needed. The lime used Bhould le good in quality and of fresh stone If it is impossible to secure this stone lime, a fair grade of Bordeaux mix lure may be mado from hydrated lime. Tho sulphato ot coppor and llmo must bo brought together in very di lute solutions for tho best Bordeaux mixture. Tho sulphate of copper re quires a considerable tlmo to dis solve In water, and considerable tlmo Is lequlrcd for slacking lime. For these reasons It Is best to havo a mix ing plant for making Bordeaux mix ture. This mixing plant should con sist of a stock solution tank In which enough sulphato of copper may ho dis solved to last through ono spraying, If not through several. Tho sulphato of copper is usually dissolved In water at tho rate of ono pound to the gal lon, so It Is only necessary to dip from tho Btock solution tank ono gal lon In order to get ono pound of sul phate of copper. Then there Is nee essnry for tho llmo an olovated slak ing box in which tho llmo may bo slaked and drawn down Into a stock solution tank. In this case, also, ono pound of llmo should bo dissolved in a gallon of water. Tho llmo ot course should bo weighed before this slaking. Two dilution tanks, Buch as Is shown In tho figure, aro also neces sary, ono for sulphate of copper and the other for lime. In these tanks the substances aro diluted beforo they are run together Into a mixing tank or the spray tank. All of these tanks should bo on an elevated plat form bo that tho liquid can be run out of them Into tho spray tank below. Where water pressure Is not available an elevated water tank Is needed to supply water to theso stock solution tanks, or In some cases a good pump run by a gasoline engine may take tho plnco of tho elevated water tank. In this caso the water would bo pumped direct from a pond or well Into tho Btock solution tanks and tho dilution tanks. A good strainer is nn essential part of tho equipment. There nro various types of strainers, but probably ono llko that shown in tho figure where tho strainer cornea to gether In tho center making four Blunting surfaces through which tho liquid can run Is tho most deslrablo type. This allows tho sediment to settlo down toward tho bottom, leav ing plenty of straining surfaco about it. Tho process of making Bordeaux mixture with a plant llko this would them as follows: First in making tho sulphato of copper stock solution, assuming that the tank holds 100 gal lons, tho tank Bhould bo filled nearly full of water, then 100 poundB of tho sulphato of coppor should be weighed out and placed in n gunny sack or some other porous material and sus pended just In the top of the liquid. If it is poured into the bottom of the barrel It will be some months before it would all be dissolved unless hot iwater is UBed. Thon assuming that tho lime stock solution barrel holds 100 gallons, wo should weigh out 100 pounds of good stone lime, slako It in the elevated slaking box and draw it out, usunlly through a strainer, into the lime stock solution tank and fill the tank up to 100 gallons. Now suppose It Is desired to make 200 gallons of Bordeaux mixture at a strength ot 4:40:50. After stirring, 1G gallons of the sulphate of copper stock solution should bo dipped into tho sulphate of copper dilution tank and this tank filled up to 100 gallons. Then tho llmo stock solution barrel should bo stirred thoroughly and 16 gallon dipped from it into tho lime dilution tank. Then tho contents of theso dilution tanks should bo run through a strainer Into a. separate mixing tank or directly Into tho spray tank. If it is desired to make only 100 gallons of tho mixture, one-half of these quantities should bo used In all cascB, or If it Is desired to make only 50 gallons of the mlxturo, one-fourth of these quantities should be used. Big Egg Center. Petnluma, California, ships four and one-half million dozen eggs every year. Excellent Farm A horso should bo watered beforo feeding, and never given a largo quan tity of water after a meal, for tho Blmple reason that the water will wash tho food out of the stomach beforo stomach digestion has taken place, and tho food will not bo well prepared for absorption; and besides it la some times tho causo of tollc. There is a popular Idea that a wnrm horso should not bo allowed to drink nnd, unllko a grent many other popu lar Ideas, there Is n little truth In it. If you water a warm horso In tho or dinary way, letting him drink all that ho will, you nro likely to havo a foun dered horse on your hands. This la especially so If, at tho time, tho horso Is fatigued. Nevertheless, It is always safe to allow him from six to ten swal lows, no mnttcr how warm ho Is. If thla bo given on going Into the Btnblo and ho bo allowed to stand and cat hay for an hour aild Is then offered water, he will not drink nearly eo much as ho would had nono been given before. The danger Is not in the first swal low, as wo. often hear It asserted, but in tho excessive quantities ho will drink if not restrained. John Splan, tho grent trainer, writes: "As to water, I think that a horso should havo all thnt he wants at all times. A man says: 'Why; will you give your horso water beforo a race?' Yes, before tho race, In tho race, and after tho race, nnd any other time that he wnntB to drink. When I say give your horso all tho wnter ho wants beforo the race, I do not mean that you shall tie him in a warm stall where Tie cannot get a drink for five or six hours on a hot day, and then take him to the pump and give him all that ho wants. What I mean la to glvo him wnter often nnd, In that wny, lie will only tnko a small quantity at a time." After long, continuous exertion tho system la greatly depleted of fluid. Nature calls for Its replacement, and this is tho causo of n thirst which is bo Intenso that, if tho animal la not restrained at this time, ho may drink much moro than ho needs. PRODUCING GOOD CREAM AND MILK farmers Not no Much to Ulamo for Their Carelcasncsa aa ' Price Paid for tho Poor Article. The education of dairymen In tho way of producing good cream and milk Is progressing. Some of tho large creameries, particularly thoso of tho west, aro paying for cream ac cording to Its renl value and are care fully grading It. Time was under sharp competition when tho creameries took all kinds of cream just as It came and paid tho same price for good, bad and indiffer ent. It was not long beforo tho creameries found out that this did not pay and now many of them aro separating the cream and grading It according to condition. For instance, number one consists of separator cream which 1b delivered twice a week In winter and three times a week In summer. Thla must bo rea sonably sweet and in good condition and teat at least 30 per cent butter fat. Cream graded as number) two in cludes nil hand separator cream de livered not less than onco a week In winter nnd twice In summer, It muBt be reasonably clean, In good condition and test not less than 20 per cent, in butter fat. The lowest grade, num ber three, includes all gravity cream and all hand separator cream which toss less than 20 per cent. This grade nlso Includes nil cream that Is In poor condition even if it should test moro than 20 per cent. Tho creameries ought to have adopt ed some system of this kind long ago nnd It Is their fault largo; that they have not been able to produce better butter than they have. Much of tho creamery butter on tho market is mighty poor stuff and it comes from mixing good nnd bad cream. Farmers are not so much to blame Draft Horses. Tho custom, almost universally fol lowed, of giving tho morning meal be fore water, is not very objectionable, cither theoretically or practically. At this tlmo there la no depletion of fluid, consequently tho horso Is not very thirsty and docs not drink rapidly or oxccsslvely and apparently very littlo evil results from this method. How- over, tho writor much prefers that thol horso Bhould havo an opportunity to' drink what la good for, him beforo tho( morning meal. Personally, I much prefer keeping) horses, both summer nnd winter, Ini an open shed, with a largo water tank, In the yard, to tying thorn by thoi head In a barn. Not only In giving water to horses must care bo exorcised but in every; other way. ' Many a good driving horso baa his yeara ot usefulness cut short by bolng left In tho hands of some person whoj does not know how to take' caro of a horso or docs not caro what happpns to tho horse that happens to como in to his hands. One of tho most common wnys qf Injuring n driving horso ia by driving him hard in cool weather, and when' tho horso has been brought into a' sweat, leaving him uncovored and ex posed to cold winds or to drafts in a Btablo. It la Boldom necessary to drlvo a horso so hard on a cool day that ho will bo In n sweat. In wnrm weather it is different, as tho horse, then. Bweats with littlo exertion. When tho horso haa been driven un til ho ia covered with foam and Bweat, he should bo taken into a stnble, rub bed down with whlsps of hay or plcco. of rough cloth, and thon blanketed. Tho neglect Qf such precautions haa resulted In many a horso catching a cold that haB proved serious. Driving is a science itself, nnd .there are many mature people who have not learned how to dlrvo a horso. They havo no Idea us to tho amount of work ho is ablo to perform without lessen ing his vitality. It must bo romembored that a horBO as well ns a man, Is limited as to what ho can do. ' for their carelessness, as they havo been paid as much for poor cream aa good. Of courBo this sort of buBlnesa did not offer any inducement to Bend good Bweet, clean cream to market and to Bend It often. Now that many of tho big creameries havo started into this campaign of education tho farmer who produces tho best cream will havo tho advantago over tho care less nnd indifferent dairyman that ho , should have, as it puts a premium on good cream. QUALITIES OF ARABIAN HORSE Boot Authoritioa Claim There Nov or Was Ono of That Breed Spotted or Calico in Color. Tho best authorities on tho Arabiani horse claim there never waa a really' pure ono of that breed that waa spot ted or calico in color. Even the cir cus men, however, havo not nearly so. much uso for the skewbald horse aa: they onco had. The small supply fills their demand. They find thnt horses of tho draft breeds pull their wagons: better, while for ring usea the tougher bono and sinew of the thoroughbred or trotter recommend the;n. Still some attractions dlo hard and a fowi spotted freaks are always to bo found! benenth every big canvnss. Tho Arabian horso may briefly bo describ ed aa a thoroughbred on a small acalo. There aro many fine specimens of tho breed in this country but moro in' Kngland. It Is difficult to get really good specimens out of tho Sultan's do mains. Not only is their exportation prohibited by Imperial decree, but rivalry among tho sheiks of the no madic Arabians which own the best, bands is so keen that good stallions enn hardly be bought at first hands nnd no ono wants to pay much money) for a poor individual and then go deep down In pocket two or three times more to place It on ship board.
