.w "
NOTES cS?-0-
MEADOWBROOK
-a FARM
m
IV v )f
Freeh eggs batch best.
Keep tho calf pen clean.
Give- tho turkeys freo rango.
Sow for a succession In crops,
Llttlo chicks enjoy green feed.
Kindness
dairy.
Is well repaid in tho
RAISING HORSES FOR GENERAL
FARM WORK MADE PROFITABLE
Possltolo to Breed Farm Marcs and Malta Lucrative Busl-I
nes3 Out of Colts at Very Small Expense With
Largo Anlmal3 There- Is Better Profit In
Raising Mule Colts.
Uso only dairy cows.
Dock tho lambs early.
Don't bo slow about spraying.
Chickens devour many Insects.
Uso caution with 'cottonseed meal.
Move tho brood coops every two or
three days.
It Is always best to havo a system,
and stick to It.
Blood tells with sheep as well as
with everything else.
Persistency 1b one of tho great
traits of tho best dairy cow.
Ono of tho worst evils In the or
chard Is the so-called pear "blight."
A milk house nlds very much In tho
proper care of milk and milk utensils.
Be suro tho hogs, old and Young,
have plenty of pure, fresh water to
drink.
The best kind of a garden club Is
a wire net fenco to keep out the
chickens.
For orchard spraying a three-
eights or half-inch hoso Is best, and
In lengths of fifty feet.
The grape Is one of the surest of
crops, as after the third year a gen
erous crop may bo expected.
Ten aero -fruit growers and egg
producers who adhere to modern
methods arc making a success.
It will not bo necessary for any
corn-belt farmer to go many miles to
see what a silo Is like next winter.
Don't get tho idea that you cannot
obtain satisfactory results from spray
ing Just because your neighbor failed.
The hen house that is whitewashed
inside and haB clean widows will bo
more healthful and attractive for the
fowls.
Go slow with corn to tho brood sows
and young pigs.
Dock tho larnba early. There is less
shock and no danger.
Do not soil a pig until It Is In best
condition, or you will lose.
Sows that nro to produce fall litters
should be bred In May, if possible.
Tho wIbo Bheep owner will never
allow a setback In tho growth of tho,
lambs.
Collar bolls need the attention of a
veterinarian who can easily remove
tho cause. '
To attain tho greatest success in
dairying, it is necessary to havo dairy
bred cows.
Cows are not nlways to blame for
being unprofitable. Often tho fault
Is nearer homo.
Hens that have been crowded for
winter eggs should havo no place
with tho breeders.
Tho hens llnd considerable animal
food in the bugs and worms that nro
beginning to appear.
Be careful how you breed your colts
and don't bo guilty of flooding tho
market with misfits.
Some cows are Hko some people,
notional, have to bo humored to get
them to do their best.
Some cows are so persistent In
their milking habits that it is danger
ous to force them dry.
The successful dairyman endeavors
to raise as much of the feed needed
as possible on his own farm.
The smoother the perches the more
easily they can be kept free from ver
min. And have them movable.
i
Will WhPw
WIMi i
.fi: MW SBm
VS:-.T.
, c '
NAMES OF VARIOUS PARTS OF
APPLE GIVEN AND DESCRIBED
While There nro Grout Ranges of Variation Within
Individual Limits of Any Variety, Thero are
Certain Characteristics Constant and
Dependable for Classification.
m
Champion Sire Stallion, "Tatton Harold."
Grasshoppers sometimes inflict in
jury on the young trees by eating
the tender bark on the small limbs.
As soon as scouring begins, glvo
tho call' a teaspoonful of ground
cloves. Ono dose is usually sufficient.
The sooner a hen can bo turned
loose with her small chicks tho better
after they are able to run and pick a
little.
Tho heifer calves from parents of
long dairy inheritance are almost sure
to equal or surpass their dams in pro
ductiveness. The Budden change from tho warm
stable to the night and damp ground,
might prove serious with somo of the
heavy milkers.
Successful dairying means that it is
vital to steer clear of dry cows and
indifferent producers. High priced
feeds brings this home.
Many a case of chick disease might
be traced to the chilling they so often
get in transferring tho hatch from
the incubator to brooder.
Tho chief valuo of tho manure
spreader lies In its ability to put a thin
coating over a large area, and thus
produce maximum results.
The building of a silo is not a specu
lation by means of -which you can get
something out of nothing, but It is a
good, sound business proposition.
When done spraying each day, run
some clean water through the pump,
to wash out the spray mixture and
avoid corrosion of the working parts.
Ducks do not like whole grain, but
prefer soft food. When winter ap
proaches they may bo fed twice a day,
nt night adding animal meal or cooked
meat.
To get a good, select private egg
trade, make it a rule to put eggs in
tho package that nre not only strictly
fresh but which were made from pure,
sweet food.
The person who raises good stock
need have no fear about prices. First
class fowls alwayB bring good prices,
no matter how great tho surplus of
ordinary Btock Is.
If the dairymen could como Into di
rect contact with thopeoplo who eat
their butter there would be less need
of discussing the subject of making a
better grade of butter.
Spray your trees whether they have
a crop or not. Spraying in off years
is Just as important as in years or
heavy crops.
Calves at tho age of three or four
months will consume some silage If
caro is taken to pick out the leafy por
tions for them.
Many small chicks are counted
among those lost because they are
allowed to follow tho mother through
the dew-covered grass.
Make suro of one thing if vigor Is
not In the stock that produced tho
eggs, the chicks will not live and
thrive as they should.
Whether eggs are in incubators or
under hens it will bo well to wet them
with water that feels warm to tho
hand, on the nineteenth day.
As a rule lato seeding should bo
deep, In order to strike moisture, and
thus start tho plant ant once on its
handicap race against the season.
Tho careful farmer who gives his
personal attention to tho making and
feeding of silage and is not satisfied
with tho result Is yet to bo heard from.
Tho neglect to keep brooders clean,
and to provide clean litter for chicks
to scratch In, Is responsible for con
siderable mortality among baby
chicks.
A sack of cement and three or four
times as much sand will make an,
everlasting base for tho separator,
and It lengthens tho life of tho ma
chine, too.
Market tho butter often. Tho fresh
er it Is tho more It will appeal to your
customers and tho surer you are of
getting from 40 to 50 cents a pound for
all that you make.
Plan and breed now for early calves
next spring. They're tho ones that
bring in the money, while their dams
aro producers of dairy products at a
season when they reach tho top in
quality and price.
The matter of supplying teams for a
farm of any size is one that Is a mat
ter of importance from tho purely
business standpoint, as well us from
personal Interest. There was a time
when this question wbb very general
for farmors who had land at all suit
able for the business to raise their
own colts to supply tho deficiency
from tlmo to time In tho teams for
farm work.
It is less so now in these days when
making a specialty of things has
reached tho point that seems almost
a craze. I am old fogy enough to Hko
the "good old wnys," says a writer in
the Farm Progress, and I still think
that on tho great majority of farms, if
not absolutely all of them, it will pay
to raise all tho colts that may bo
needed for uso on tho farm, and any
more that can be raised without Inter
fering with tho farm work.
Thero has not often, if ever, been a
time in the last two generations when
It did pay to raise good horses. And
now, although power vehicles and
power-driven implements havo cer
tainly taken the place of a vast num
ber of horses, flrst-clnss animals aro
selling at as good prices aB they ever
did. Consequently, there is profit in
tho business, even if at times it is a
little inconvenient.
The thrifty fanner will generally
make something out of every depart
ment, If possible, on the farm where
general farming is done. Tho amount
that can be made will depend allo
gether on the capacity of tho Individ
ual to supply the executive ability
needed to do justice to a variety of
Interests.
Not long ago I took a drive of ten
miles with a man who was taking me
to his home on the farm. He was driv
ing a sorrel mare of about medium
weight, and extremely quick and alert
In her movements. She was not fat-t.
but seemed to go along nt a good,
steady trot, and wns reeling off not
less than a mile In flvo minutes. Hor
nctivlty and quick movements nindo
mo think sho was a young mare, as
she had none of tho nppenranco of ago.
I said to tho owner, "Thnt maro looks
Hko a mnro it would pay to got bouio
colts from."
"I have been brooding hor, but havo
quit now," ho replied. "Sho will soon
bo twenty-one ycar3 old, and I havo
had fourteen coltB from her slnco sho
was seven. They wero all good, and
tho youngest, now six months old,
looks as g6od as any of tho rest did."
This maro had been doing farm work
mostly during all that time, and wob
used a great deal for driving, because
sho was quick and nlways ready to go.
The fourteen colts no doubt averaged
$150 as three-year-olds. A few years ago
I had a maro with tho same qualities
from which I got somo splendid colts,
used her for farm work as well as driv
ing; still sho was twonty-flv,o years
old when sho died from nu ncuto at
tack of colic. Somo of her colts Bold
as high as $175 each.
Of course, It is somctlmeB a llttlo
annoying to cither drlvo or plow with
a maro with n young colt, but fall
colts, ns a rule, do not give nearly so
much trouble as those that como In
tho spring. This makes it possible to
breed farm maros and make a profita
ble business out of colts nt a very
small expense. I never half-btarved
our colts. When foaled in the fall
they were rendy to run to pasturo by
Bprlng, nnd It is a very poor fnrmor
who cannot supply ample pasturago
for colts at least nine months In tho
year. But with plenty of clover hny,
or pea hay, colts can get along with
very llttlo grazing or grain.
If, therefore, nny ono Is In a posi
tion to get some colts from work
mares I would counsel them, by all
menns, to breed them. In most cases,
with largo maros, thero is a better
profit In breeding to a jack and rnlslng
mulo colls.
Ono of tho renders hns nnked mo to
"nnnlyzo an npplo, giving tho names
and descriptions of tho vnrious parts."
To Anyone who Is interested in scien
tific pomology this is quito necessary
to ho well understood, wrltcB II. E.
Van Dcman In tho Rural. New Yorker.
For tho benefit of tho general reader,
I will try to make tho nnalysls as
plain ns can be, thus serving, if possi
ble, both tho scientifically Inclined nnd
tho moro ordinary worker with fruits.
An npplo is known in sclonco ns a
pome, which Is n fruit thnt contains
its seeds in capsules Mtrroumlcu by
a fleshy pulp. Other examples of tho
pomes aro tho pear, quince, wild haw
thorn fruits and thoso of tho rose. All
of theso have flvo capsules containing
tho seeds, which together composo tho
core. In making a scientific or po
mologtcnl description of an npplo wo
begin with tho outward appearances.
Thero havo been various systems or
methodB of classification by pomol
oglsts for centuries past. Somo of
them havo been very curiously, not to
say absurdly, founded on certain renl
or imaginary characteristics, whllo
others were quite reasonable and prac.
tlcal. Tho best of them all, according
to my judgment, is tho system devised
nnd published by Dr. John A. Warder,
of Ohio, in his American Pomology.
Tho first divisions in his classification
aro bnicd upon tho shnpe of tho ver
tical sections nnd nro four In number:
Class 1, Oblnte or Flat; Class II, Con
ical; Class III, Round or Globular;
Class IV, Oblong. Next comes the
shape of tho cross or transverse sec
tions, called Orders, of which thero
aro two, Regular and irregular. Tho
&i fmii - r12
,f... .., , lift. '""
The "Analysis of an Apple."
MAKE THE CROP
FIT THE SOIL
Farmer Necdn to Study Heauiro
xnents of Varlouo Crops Ho
Grown and Plan for
notation.
Test tho Bpray hoso several dayn
beforo needed for spraying. Try it
, with tho highest pressure you will
use. If It burts easily or leaks, make
the needed repairs In it, or get a new
hose. It will Eave delays at a crit
ical time.
Soaking cabbage seed In a solution
of one ounce of formalin to two and
one-half gallons of water for twenty
minutes will be a good start against
cabbage rot. Soil nnd manures freo
from black rot germs -will also ho
necessary. N
Thero may bo certain lines of farm
ing In which it Is difficult to kcop a
definite account of the cost and profit,
but dairying is not one of theso. Thero
is no excuse for Ignorance on the part
of tho dairy farmer.
It requires Bomo degree of courago
to thin out lettuce, radishes, beets,
etc., when tho plnnts look so sturdy,
but older plants and larger roots re
quire more soil, and unless they havo
it, they will bo poorly nourished. Let
tuce should bo thinned to four Inches
in tho rows.
(By W. M. KKLLEY.)
There is no uso in trying to achieve,
success with a soil not fitted to the
crop. We must ake a moro Intelli
gent study of tho selection of croiis
that are better adapted to our soils
and that can be mado to return larger
and moro certain profits. There is
something that is very interesting
about the preference of crops for cer
tain soils and climates.
One of tho first things for farmers
to learn Is to find out which crops nre
best adapted to his soil and grow
them on his farm. Ho needs to study
the requirements of tho various crops
that he grows and plan his rotation
of crops so thut each crop may bo
grown under the most favorable conditions.
While I am a staunch friend of sta
ble manure and constantly urging the
keeping of more and better farm
stock, yet I can see tho neccsslt of
facing tho situation In a practical man
ner.
Tho average farmer has reached a
point where stable manure will not
supply the adequate nmour.t of plant
food to produce tho maximum jicld of
grain and other farm crops, and tho
only sensible thing to do is to supply
tho deficient elements.
The generality of soIIb on our btock
farms are deficient in mineral fertil
ity, especially phosphorus, and It is
clearly to our interest to sunnly this
ono clement to our soils If we fit tho
soils to tho needs of our, crops.
On Bolls' possessing an abundance of
humus and nitrogen we may purchase
the phosphorus in tho form of the raw
ground phosphate rock and mix It
with tho sttble manure, but on soils
that are lacking in humus and nitro
gen better results will bo obtained by
using acid phosphate, which is read
ily available to tho growing crops.
AVlth clover and mnnur plowed un
der, to liberate potash, and supple
mented -with this purchnscd phospho
rus, tho fertility problem will bo
solved on tho averago Btock farm. On
mnny types of soil potash will ho
needed, but the average stock farm
in tho mlddlo west haB plenty of pot
ash locked up In its soil to produce
good crops for a hundred years or
more.
READY RESULTS
FROM A DAIRY
Cow In Constant Quantity no Fur
ua Her Production Iti Con
ccrncd Regular
Money Crop.
third stngo in tho system is regarding
tho flnvor, which aro termed Sections,
of which thero nro two.' Section 1 In
cludes tho varieties that are sweet nnd
Section 2 thoso that nro subacid or
sour. Tho last set of this descrip
tive classification is mndo up of thrco
Subsections. The first of theso in
cludes all varieties that aro yellow or
green nnd may bo bluBhed nnd oven
qui to covered with red in somo rnro
cases, but never striped. By this sys
tem almost any npplo may bo proper
ly closslflcd, and if listed nnd de
scribed in detnil might bo identified by
nny enreful student of pomology.
Whllo there was never but ono edi
tion Dr. Warder's book on apples,
American Pomology, and that was Is
sued in 1807, and many vnluablo va
rieties havo been Introduced slnco
that date, it is even now tho best of
nil our books on npples, by which they
may bo studied nnd Identified. Whllo
thero nro great ranees of variation
within tlin Inillvlflunl limits of nnv vn-N
rlety, thero nro certain characteristics
that nro quite constant nnd depend
able, and upon theso nny Intelligent
classification muBt bo based. Mere al
phabetical or other ordinary nrrange
mont is of much less vnluo.
To dcscrlbo an npplo In such mnn
ner ns will lead to an understanding
of its Individual peculiarities I havo
mado a drawing of a specimen of tho
Delicious that wns grown in California
Tho most important parts aro nhmed
md pointed out in such a way that
they may bo studied. To begin with,
tho form, which Is ono of tho first
points that anyone will notice, may bo
Jat, conical, round or oblong, as looked
at from tho slde,and round, elliptical,
Irregular or even angular when observ
ing from either end. Tho slzo may bo
largo, medium or small. The depres
sion in which tho stem is set is called
tho cavity, and it may bo regular, ir
regular, or lipped; largo or small;
deep, medium or shallow; wltn a
steep, abrupt or wldo slopo; it may!
havo rtiBsot markings that nro largoJ
medium or faint, or nono nt all. Thcj
stem may bo long, medium or short;)
slender, stout or fleshy. Sometimes
a variety will havo stems of all thesef
descriptions, but they nro generally of,
ono type. Tho depression nt tho calyx
or blossom end of nn npplo is callotl
tho basin. It may bo regular, Irreg
ular, waved, furrowed or knobby;
deep, medium, shallow or wanting;
wide or narrow; marked with russet
either cracked or smooth. Tho calyx
may bo open or closed; with tho eo
pals long or short, upright or roflcxed.
Tho Biirfnco Is snlooth, rough, bloomed
or russotcd. Tho color, yellow, green,
blushed, red Btriped and with all pos
sible variations of intensity and light
ness of shadings, mottling, splnshlngs
rind suffusions. Tho dots nro very,
characteristic and quite coiiBtnnt.
They aro numerous or scattering;!
largo or Bmnll; dark or light; round
or pointed; with light, dark, green andi
sometimes on raised bases. Tho skla
mny bo thick and tough or thin and
tondcr. Tho flesh Jb yellow, white or
stained with red nnd very raroly pink
throughout; and Its toxturo may ho
flno or conrso; firm, tendor or soft;
and In weight light or heavy. Tho
coro may bo largo, medium or Bmnll ;i
conical, round or oblate; opon or
closed; mooting or scparato from tho
tube. Tho calyx tube largo or small ;
long or short. Axlnl dlnmetor long or
short. Seeds numerous or fow; largo
or small; plump or narrow; light or
dark brown. Flavor Bwcet, subncld or
sour; rich aromatic or spicy. Qual
ity good, vory good, best or poor. Sea
son very early, early, mld-summor, fall,
early winter, mid-winter and lato win
ter. Thus it is that a pomologlst would
dpBcriho nn apple. Blanks for de
scriptions nro prepared for tho gov
ernment rocordB nnd also by somo oC
tho states. I havo them for my own!
private uso in keeping records of tho
varieties 1 havo examined. Paintings,
models nnd historical notes of all in
teresting fruits aro also mado and care
fully preserved in tho office of tho TJ.
S. Pomologlst nt Washington, which is
work that I planned and instituted
when I was In chargo of that ofllco
over 1!0 years ngo, Theso records aro
of lnestlmablo valuo and will bo moro
moro so ns tlmo advances.
EXCELLENT FEED
FOR THE CHICKS.
Hard noilod Infertile Ekko,
Ground in Meat Chopper
and Mixod With
Urun aro Good.
(ny mOF. TV. .A. L.TPPINCOTT, Knnsaa
Agricultural College.)
An excellent food for tho chicks la
mnd.o in this wny: Tako tho lnfortilo
eggs thoBo thnt havo been tested out
of tho Incubator hard boll them, and
grind In nn ordinary meat choppor.
Mix this with bran and moisten with'
wnter. If you havo sonyj old, dry
brend which has not becomo moldy it
may bo crumbled and added to tho
bran and ground eggs. Do not mako
tho feed Bloppy or tho chicks may,
gorgo thomselves.
Many other good feeds, such hb flno
cracked corn, cracked wheat, cracked
kaflr and steel-cut oats may bo fod.
Milk curd and hoof scraps mako a
good change In tho food. TheBO two
supply to tho chick about tho samo
food elements it would got by eating
Insects nnd worms.
Charcoal, flno grit or finely ground!
bono should bo kept where tho llttlo
chickens enn got it. If it is possible,!
thoy should bo kept on a grassy plot,
and if not, gpeen stuff should bo Bup-
plied them. Alfalfa 1b the beBt fori
this, and may bo given them occa-l
slonally.
Tho great valuo of dairying in con
nection with mixed or diversified
rarmlng is that the cow is a constant
quantity, bo far as her production of
milk is concerned. Sho can bo banked
on more than poultry, hogs or field
crops' to yield n constnnt amount of
Bnhiblo products every week, If tl o
Is glvon n variety of good feeds and
general good euro.
This cash coming in nt regular and
frequent intervals from dairying en
ables tho farmer of moderato means
to use tho money to good advnntago
as It Is needed, for general running
expenses nnd making things go. For
this reason tho averago dalryfcan
should becomo prosperous nnd havo
a well-Improved farm.
The only regular money crop for
tho farm Is that which comes from
tho dairy house. Every week the milk
nnd butler goes out nnd tho money
comes back.
Tho modern dairyman Seldom has
to go to the bank to borrow money to
tide him over till ho sells bis crops,
because he 1b selling bis crops every
week.
Ostrich Raising. I .
Somo farmers in Southorn Missouri
aro experimenting with ostrich raising.
FLOOR PLANS FOR A DAIRY BARN
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INCUNt
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MANURE ALLCV
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FLOOR PUAN
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MHMMWMMMHMMMM
Tho accompanying illustration gives
tho floor plans of n modern dairy barn
for 24 cows, as designed by the
bureau of industry of tho United States
department of agriculture. Tho
stalls aro planned to bo three feet six
inches wide nnd from four foot eight
Inches to flvo feet long, depending up
on tho bIzo of the cows. The manure
gutter should bo from 1G to 18 luches
wide und about four Inches deep. Tho
manuio is pluimed to bo two feet wldo
and six inches deep, tho bottom being
two or three Inches higher than tho
floor of tho stalls. Patent stanchlonu
may now bo bought so chenply (ono to
two dollars each) that It is scarcely
worth while to bother about making
them at homo for a small herd of
COWB,
