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About The North Platte semi-weekly tribune. (North Platte, Neb.) 1895-1922 | View Entire Issue (June 14, 1912)
.w " NOTES cS?-0- MEADOWBROOK -a FARM m IV v )f Freeh eggs batch best. Keep tho calf pen clean. Give- tho turkeys freo rango. Sow for a succession In crops, Llttlo chicks enjoy green feed. Kindness dairy. Is well repaid in tho RAISING HORSES FOR GENERAL FARM WORK MADE PROFITABLE Possltolo to Breed Farm Marcs and Malta Lucrative Busl-I nes3 Out of Colts at Very Small Expense With Largo Anlmal3 There- Is Better Profit In Raising Mule Colts. Uso only dairy cows. Dock tho lambs early. Don't bo slow about spraying. Chickens devour many Insects. Uso caution with 'cottonseed meal. Move tho brood coops every two or three days. It Is always best to havo a system, and stick to It. Blood tells with sheep as well as with everything else. Persistency 1b one of tho great traits of tho best dairy cow. Ono of tho worst evils In the or chard Is the so-called pear "blight." A milk house nlds very much In tho proper care of milk and milk utensils. Be suro tho hogs, old and Young, have plenty of pure, fresh water to drink. The best kind of a garden club Is a wire net fenco to keep out the chickens. For orchard spraying a three- eights or half-inch hoso Is best, and In lengths of fifty feet. The grape Is one of the surest of crops, as after the third year a gen erous crop may bo expected. Ten aero -fruit growers and egg producers who adhere to modern methods arc making a success. It will not bo necessary for any corn-belt farmer to go many miles to see what a silo Is like next winter. Don't get tho idea that you cannot obtain satisfactory results from spray ing Just because your neighbor failed. The hen house that is whitewashed inside and haB clean widows will bo more healthful and attractive for the fowls. Go slow with corn to tho brood sows and young pigs. Dock tho larnba early. There is less shock and no danger. Do not soil a pig until It Is In best condition, or you will lose. Sows that nro to produce fall litters should be bred In May, if possible. Tho wIbo Bheep owner will never allow a setback In tho growth of tho, lambs. Collar bolls need the attention of a veterinarian who can easily remove tho cause. ' To attain tho greatest success in dairying, it is necessary to havo dairy bred cows. Cows are not nlways to blame for being unprofitable. Often tho fault Is nearer homo. Hens that have been crowded for winter eggs should havo no place with tho breeders. Tho hens llnd considerable animal food in the bugs and worms that nro beginning to appear. Be careful how you breed your colts and don't bo guilty of flooding tho market with misfits. Some cows are Hko some people, notional, have to bo humored to get them to do their best. Some cows are so persistent In their milking habits that it is danger ous to force them dry. The successful dairyman endeavors to raise as much of the feed needed as possible on his own farm. The smoother the perches the more easily they can be kept free from ver min. And have them movable. i Will WhPw WIMi i .fi: MW SBm VS:-.T. , c ' NAMES OF VARIOUS PARTS OF APPLE GIVEN AND DESCRIBED While There nro Grout Ranges of Variation Within Individual Limits of Any Variety, Thero are Certain Characteristics Constant and Dependable for Classification. m Champion Sire Stallion, "Tatton Harold." Grasshoppers sometimes inflict in jury on the young trees by eating the tender bark on the small limbs. As soon as scouring begins, glvo tho call' a teaspoonful of ground cloves. Ono dose is usually sufficient. The sooner a hen can bo turned loose with her small chicks tho better after they are able to run and pick a little. Tho heifer calves from parents of long dairy inheritance are almost sure to equal or surpass their dams in pro ductiveness. The Budden change from tho warm stable to the night and damp ground, might prove serious with somo of the heavy milkers. Successful dairying means that it is vital to steer clear of dry cows and indifferent producers. High priced feeds brings this home. Many a case of chick disease might be traced to the chilling they so often get in transferring tho hatch from the incubator to brooder. Tho chief valuo of tho manure spreader lies In its ability to put a thin coating over a large area, and thus produce maximum results. The building of a silo is not a specu lation by means of -which you can get something out of nothing, but It is a good, sound business proposition. When done spraying each day, run some clean water through the pump, to wash out the spray mixture and avoid corrosion of the working parts. Ducks do not like whole grain, but prefer soft food. When winter ap proaches they may bo fed twice a day, nt night adding animal meal or cooked meat. To get a good, select private egg trade, make it a rule to put eggs in tho package that nre not only strictly fresh but which were made from pure, sweet food. The person who raises good stock need have no fear about prices. First class fowls alwayB bring good prices, no matter how great tho surplus of ordinary Btock Is. If the dairymen could como Into di rect contact with thopeoplo who eat their butter there would be less need of discussing the subject of making a better grade of butter. Spray your trees whether they have a crop or not. Spraying in off years is Just as important as in years or heavy crops. Calves at tho age of three or four months will consume some silage If caro is taken to pick out the leafy por tions for them. Many small chicks are counted among those lost because they are allowed to follow tho mother through the dew-covered grass. Make suro of one thing if vigor Is not In the stock that produced tho eggs, the chicks will not live and thrive as they should. Whether eggs are in incubators or under hens it will bo well to wet them with water that feels warm to tho hand, on the nineteenth day. As a rule lato seeding should bo deep, In order to strike moisture, and thus start tho plant ant once on its handicap race against the season. Tho careful farmer who gives his personal attention to tho making and feeding of silage and is not satisfied with tho result Is yet to bo heard from. Tho neglect to keep brooders clean, and to provide clean litter for chicks to scratch In, Is responsible for con siderable mortality among baby chicks. A sack of cement and three or four times as much sand will make an, everlasting base for tho separator, and It lengthens tho life of tho ma chine, too. Market tho butter often. Tho fresh er it Is tho more It will appeal to your customers and tho surer you are of getting from 40 to 50 cents a pound for all that you make. Plan and breed now for early calves next spring. They're tho ones that bring in the money, while their dams aro producers of dairy products at a season when they reach tho top in quality and price. The matter of supplying teams for a farm of any size is one that Is a mat ter of importance from tho purely business standpoint, as well us from personal Interest. There was a time when this question wbb very general for farmors who had land at all suit able for the business to raise their own colts to supply tho deficiency from tlmo to time In tho teams for farm work. It is less so now in these days when making a specialty of things has reached tho point that seems almost a craze. I am old fogy enough to Hko the "good old wnys," says a writer in the Farm Progress, and I still think that on tho great majority of farms, if not absolutely all of them, it will pay to raise all tho colts that may bo needed for uso on tho farm, and any more that can be raised without Inter fering with tho farm work. Thero has not often, if ever, been a time in the last two generations when It did pay to raise good horses. And now, although power vehicles and power-driven implements havo cer tainly taken the place of a vast num ber of horses, flrst-clnss animals aro selling at as good prices aB they ever did. Consequently, there is profit in tho business, even if at times it is a little inconvenient. The thrifty fanner will generally make something out of every depart ment, If possible, on the farm where general farming is done. Tho amount that can be made will depend allo gether on the capacity of tho Individ ual to supply the executive ability needed to do justice to a variety of Interests. Not long ago I took a drive of ten miles with a man who was taking me to his home on the farm. He was driv ing a sorrel mare of about medium weight, and extremely quick and alert In her movements. She was not fat-t. but seemed to go along nt a good, steady trot, and wns reeling off not less than a mile In flvo minutes. Hor nctivlty and quick movements nindo mo think sho was a young mare, as she had none of tho nppenranco of ago. I said to tho owner, "Thnt maro looks Hko a mnro it would pay to got bouio colts from." "I have been brooding hor, but havo quit now," ho replied. "Sho will soon bo twenty-one ycar3 old, and I havo had fourteen coltB from her slnco sho was seven. They wero all good, and tho youngest, now six months old, looks as g6od as any of tho rest did." This maro had been doing farm work mostly during all that time, and wob used a great deal for driving, because sho was quick and nlways ready to go. The fourteen colts no doubt averaged $150 as three-year-olds. A few years ago I had a maro with tho same qualities from which I got somo splendid colts, used her for farm work as well as driv ing; still sho was twonty-flv,o years old when sho died from nu ncuto at tack of colic. Somo of her colts Bold as high as $175 each. Of course, It is somctlmeB a llttlo annoying to cither drlvo or plow with a maro with n young colt, but fall colts, ns a rule, do not give nearly so much trouble as those that como In tho spring. This makes it possible to breed farm maros and make a profita ble business out of colts nt a very small expense. I never half-btarved our colts. When foaled in the fall they were rendy to run to pasturo by Bprlng, nnd It is a very poor fnrmor who cannot supply ample pasturago for colts at least nine months In tho year. But with plenty of clover hny, or pea hay, colts can get along with very llttlo grazing or grain. If, therefore, nny ono Is In a posi tion to get some colts from work mares I would counsel them, by all menns, to breed them. In most cases, with largo maros, thero is a better profit In breeding to a jack and rnlslng mulo colls. Ono of tho renders hns nnked mo to "nnnlyzo an npplo, giving tho names and descriptions of tho vnrious parts." To Anyone who Is interested in scien tific pomology this is quito necessary to ho well understood, wrltcB II. E. Van Dcman In tho Rural. New Yorker. For tho benefit of tho general reader, I will try to make tho nnalysls as plain ns can be, thus serving, if possi ble, both tho scientifically Inclined nnd tho moro ordinary worker with fruits. An npplo is known in sclonco ns a pome, which Is n fruit thnt contains its seeds in capsules Mtrroumlcu by a fleshy pulp. Other examples of tho pomes aro tho pear, quince, wild haw thorn fruits and thoso of tho rose. All of theso have flvo capsules containing tho seeds, which together composo tho core. In making a scientific or po mologtcnl description of an npplo wo begin with tho outward appearances. Thero havo been various systems or methodB of classification by pomol oglsts for centuries past. Somo of them havo been very curiously, not to say absurdly, founded on certain renl or imaginary characteristics, whllo others were quite reasonable and prac. tlcal. Tho best of them all, according to my judgment, is tho system devised nnd published by Dr. John A. Warder, of Ohio, in his American Pomology. Tho first divisions in his classification aro bnicd upon tho shnpe of tho ver tical sections nnd nro four In number: Class 1, Oblnte or Flat; Class II, Con ical; Class III, Round or Globular; Class IV, Oblong. Next comes the shape of tho cross or transverse sec tions, called Orders, of which thero aro two, Regular and irregular. Tho &i fmii - r12 ,f... .., , lift. '"" The "Analysis of an Apple." MAKE THE CROP FIT THE SOIL Farmer Necdn to Study Heauiro xnents of Varlouo Crops Ho Grown and Plan for notation. Test tho Bpray hoso several dayn beforo needed for spraying. Try it , with tho highest pressure you will use. If It burts easily or leaks, make the needed repairs In it, or get a new hose. It will Eave delays at a crit ical time. Soaking cabbage seed In a solution of one ounce of formalin to two and one-half gallons of water for twenty minutes will be a good start against cabbage rot. Soil nnd manures freo from black rot germs -will also ho necessary. N Thero may bo certain lines of farm ing In which it Is difficult to kcop a definite account of the cost and profit, but dairying is not one of theso. Thero is no excuse for Ignorance on the part of tho dairy farmer. It requires Bomo degree of courago to thin out lettuce, radishes, beets, etc., when tho plnnts look so sturdy, but older plants and larger roots re quire more soil, and unless they havo it, they will bo poorly nourished. Let tuce should bo thinned to four Inches in tho rows. (By W. M. KKLLEY.) There is no uso in trying to achieve, success with a soil not fitted to the crop. We must ake a moro Intelli gent study of tho selection of croiis that are better adapted to our soils and that can be mado to return larger and moro certain profits. There is something that is very interesting about the preference of crops for cer tain soils and climates. One of tho first things for farmers to learn Is to find out which crops nre best adapted to his soil and grow them on his farm. Ho needs to study the requirements of tho various crops that he grows and plan his rotation of crops so thut each crop may bo grown under the most favorable conditions. While I am a staunch friend of sta ble manure and constantly urging the keeping of more and better farm stock, yet I can see tho neccsslt of facing tho situation In a practical man ner. Tho average farmer has reached a point where stable manure will not supply the adequate nmour.t of plant food to produce tho maximum jicld of grain and other farm crops, and tho only sensible thing to do is to supply tho deficient elements. The generality of soIIb on our btock farms are deficient in mineral fertil ity, especially phosphorus, and It is clearly to our interest to sunnly this ono clement to our soils If we fit tho soils to tho needs of our, crops. On Bolls' possessing an abundance of humus and nitrogen we may purchase the phosphorus in tho form of the raw ground phosphate rock and mix It with tho sttble manure, but on soils that are lacking in humus and nitro gen better results will bo obtained by using acid phosphate, which is read ily available to tho growing crops. AVlth clover and mnnur plowed un der, to liberate potash, and supple mented -with this purchnscd phospho rus, tho fertility problem will bo solved on tho averago Btock farm. On mnny types of soil potash will ho needed, but the average stock farm in tho mlddlo west haB plenty of pot ash locked up In its soil to produce good crops for a hundred years or more. READY RESULTS FROM A DAIRY Cow In Constant Quantity no Fur ua Her Production Iti Con ccrncd Regular Money Crop. third stngo in tho system is regarding tho flnvor, which aro termed Sections, of which thero nro two.' Section 1 In cludes tho varieties that are sweet nnd Section 2 thoso that nro subacid or sour. Tho last set of this descrip tive classification is mndo up of thrco Subsections. The first of theso in cludes all varieties that aro yellow or green nnd may bo bluBhed nnd oven qui to covered with red in somo rnro cases, but never striped. By this sys tem almost any npplo may bo proper ly closslflcd, and if listed nnd de scribed in detnil might bo identified by nny enreful student of pomology. Whllo there was never but ono edi tion Dr. Warder's book on apples, American Pomology, and that was Is sued in 1807, and many vnluablo va rieties havo been Introduced slnco that date, it is even now tho best of nil our books on npples, by which they may bo studied nnd Identified. Whllo thero nro great ranees of variation within tlin Inillvlflunl limits of nnv vn-N rlety, thero nro certain characteristics that nro quite constant nnd depend able, and upon theso nny Intelligent classification muBt bo based. Mere al phabetical or other ordinary nrrange mont is of much less vnluo. To dcscrlbo an npplo In such mnn ner ns will lead to an understanding of its Individual peculiarities I havo mado a drawing of a specimen of tho Delicious that wns grown in California Tho most important parts aro nhmed md pointed out in such a way that they may bo studied. To begin with, tho form, which Is ono of tho first points that anyone will notice, may bo Jat, conical, round or oblong, as looked at from tho slde,and round, elliptical, Irregular or even angular when observ ing from either end. Tho slzo may bo largo, medium or small. The depres sion in which tho stem is set is called tho cavity, and it may bo regular, ir regular, or lipped; largo or small; deep, medium or shallow; wltn a steep, abrupt or wldo slopo; it may! havo rtiBsot markings that nro largoJ medium or faint, or nono nt all. Thcj stem may bo long, medium or short;) slender, stout or fleshy. Sometimes a variety will havo stems of all thesef descriptions, but they nro generally of, ono type. Tho depression nt tho calyx or blossom end of nn npplo is callotl tho basin. It may bo regular, Irreg ular, waved, furrowed or knobby; deep, medium, shallow or wanting; wide or narrow; marked with russet either cracked or smooth. Tho calyx may bo open or closed; with tho eo pals long or short, upright or roflcxed. Tho Biirfnco Is snlooth, rough, bloomed or russotcd. Tho color, yellow, green, blushed, red Btriped and with all pos sible variations of intensity and light ness of shadings, mottling, splnshlngs rind suffusions. Tho dots nro very, characteristic and quite coiiBtnnt. They aro numerous or scattering;! largo or Bmnll; dark or light; round or pointed; with light, dark, green andi sometimes on raised bases. Tho skla mny bo thick and tough or thin and tondcr. Tho flesh Jb yellow, white or stained with red nnd very raroly pink throughout; and Its toxturo may ho flno or conrso; firm, tendor or soft; and In weight light or heavy. Tho coro may bo largo, medium or Bmnll ;i conical, round or oblate; opon or closed; mooting or scparato from tho tube. Tho calyx tube largo or small ; long or short. Axlnl dlnmetor long or short. Seeds numerous or fow; largo or small; plump or narrow; light or dark brown. Flavor Bwcet, subncld or sour; rich aromatic or spicy. Qual ity good, vory good, best or poor. Sea son very early, early, mld-summor, fall, early winter, mid-winter and lato win ter. Thus it is that a pomologlst would dpBcriho nn apple. Blanks for de scriptions nro prepared for tho gov ernment rocordB nnd also by somo oC tho states. I havo them for my own! private uso in keeping records of tho varieties 1 havo examined. Paintings, models nnd historical notes of all in teresting fruits aro also mado and care fully preserved in tho office of tho TJ. S. Pomologlst nt Washington, which is work that I planned and instituted when I was In chargo of that ofllco over 1!0 years ngo, Theso records aro of lnestlmablo valuo and will bo moro moro so ns tlmo advances. EXCELLENT FEED FOR THE CHICKS. Hard noilod Infertile Ekko, Ground in Meat Chopper and Mixod With Urun aro Good. (ny mOF. TV. .A. L.TPPINCOTT, Knnsaa Agricultural College.) An excellent food for tho chicks la mnd.o in this wny: Tako tho lnfortilo eggs thoBo thnt havo been tested out of tho Incubator hard boll them, and grind In nn ordinary meat choppor. Mix this with bran and moisten with' wnter. If you havo sonyj old, dry brend which has not becomo moldy it may bo crumbled and added to tho bran and ground eggs. Do not mako tho feed Bloppy or tho chicks may, gorgo thomselves. Many other good feeds, such hb flno cracked corn, cracked wheat, cracked kaflr and steel-cut oats may bo fod. Milk curd and hoof scraps mako a good change In tho food. TheBO two supply to tho chick about tho samo food elements it would got by eating Insects nnd worms. Charcoal, flno grit or finely ground! bono should bo kept where tho llttlo chickens enn got it. If it is possible,! thoy should bo kept on a grassy plot, and if not, gpeen stuff should bo Bup- plied them. Alfalfa 1b the beBt fori this, and may bo given them occa-l slonally. Tho great valuo of dairying in con nection with mixed or diversified rarmlng is that the cow is a constant quantity, bo far as her production of milk is concerned. Sho can bo banked on more than poultry, hogs or field crops' to yield n constnnt amount of Bnhiblo products every week, If tl o Is glvon n variety of good feeds and general good euro. This cash coming in nt regular and frequent intervals from dairying en ables tho farmer of moderato means to use tho money to good advnntago as It Is needed, for general running expenses nnd making things go. For this reason tho averago dalryfcan should becomo prosperous nnd havo a well-Improved farm. The only regular money crop for tho farm Is that which comes from tho dairy house. Every week the milk nnd butler goes out nnd tho money comes back. Tho modern dairyman Seldom has to go to the bank to borrow money to tide him over till ho sells bis crops, because he 1b selling bis crops every week. Ostrich Raising. I . Somo farmers in Southorn Missouri aro experimenting with ostrich raising. FLOOR PLANS FOR A DAIRY BARN I 'jM mv INCUNt ra III"' "!"' !! 'I II I "I " MANURE ALLCV U-U sues: ViXCI yjILiJjJU CWVCA rrrfT"nT"rrrT1 MAiwnc allcv r.u.uairM, FLOOR PUAN J II rccoFoov . -- O0XWU BOXSTAU j 1 y OR1VCWAV uiMlrM Vrrn n rn s A-c SSBJJ i -m i l1! MHMMWMMMHMMMM Tho accompanying illustration gives tho floor plans of n modern dairy barn for 24 cows, as designed by the bureau of industry of tho United States department of agriculture. Tho stalls aro planned to bo three feet six inches wide nnd from four foot eight Inches to flvo feet long, depending up on tho bIzo of the cows. The manure gutter should bo from 1G to 18 luches wide und about four Inches deep. Tho manuio is pluimed to bo two feet wldo and six inches deep, tho bottom being two or three Inches higher than tho floor of tho stalls. Patent stanchlonu may now bo bought so chenply (ono to two dollars each) that It is scarcely worth while to bother about making them at homo for a small herd of COWB,