I
S
M Scope f Wdess Teleg-g
mramy spreads FasfSli
" " ?ffi ' -,rT' i
ffi"HKfh when u f?,rch t!,.nt ll. ggaqgeaafijoigagsasyzag a
ii ki iwiwwj Wfta holding thawed t axJtJtsii. . '' .
-ctv Aram y n n y r
"& V;. c o a a. t JatjbtramaYw
ftHfTOAlA w
AT p j c J ; I
EARS ngo n fanciful
writer took his readoru
on nn expedition to tho
north poloi Tho ex
plorer had been pro
ccdod to tho region of
perpetual Ico by a party
that had perished there.
Tho hero of tho story
learned this ono day
when a torch that ho
was holding thawed
part of a largo shaft of
I lco and there canio from this Icy prls-
on tho voices of tho men who had porlshod there
yoars before.
Today tho fancy of tho novelist has become
i fact of sclonco. Tho air Is llllod with messages
that may bo heard by any one who has tho simple
means that aro requisite. Tho man who stands
in tho noisy crowd of tile city and tho lonely sheep
border on a fenceless Australian prairlo aro allko
Hiirroundcd by thorn, and It is posslblo for each
to bo mado conscious of their prcsenco.
This Is tho accomplishment of wireless. Tho
wystom of communication without tho uso of wlros
to carry tho electrical impulses has grown so
Intlruatoly Into tho world's business that It takes
Bomothing out of tho ordinary to bring a roallza
tlon of what Is being dono and what tho outlook
Is. Wireless was more than ton years old when
tho ships Republic and Florida collided on January
23, 190D, and tho Jumping spark undor tho com
mand of tho wlrcloss operator Instantly mado
known that disaster to tho world. Tho Ilopubllc,
alone in tho fog and dark, might havo gono to
tho bottom without news of tho disaster being
known for dayB. It was two days after La Dour
gogno sank beforo tho story of tho catastropho
bocamo known. Dut a wireless oporator, Jack
Minns, flashed tho nows from tho Ropubllo to
Jand and drow out of tho dark half a dozen roscu
dug ships.
Tho Btory of Jack Blnns, tho first wlroloss hero
of International famo, Bpread nbroad, and tho po
Hlllon of tho now method of communication was
assured. WlrolosB had boon put to its first great
itest and passed through It successfully.
Another wireless call flashod out In tho dark
hosh somo weeks ago and sent a thrill around tho
iworld. This was tho message from tho crippled,
jalnklng TItnnlc. It saved tho llvos of more than
l7u0 human beings. Harold 8. Brldo, assistant Mar
coni oporator aboard tho Titanic, and Harold T.
Cottam, oporator on tho Carpathla tho ono who
wan Instrumental in Bonding tho moBsago and tho
other whoso ship brought aid havo bocomo
horoos. Boforo tho Investigating commlttop of tho
Honato tho young operators havo told tholr part
in tho rescue of tho passongors.
Cottam on tho Carpathla oxplalnod that ho was
on duty Sunday night and camo oft a couplo of
dayB later. Ho sat at his post all Sunday night,
all day Monday and Monday night and during tho
day Tuesday. Ho caught u fow hours of sleep on
Tuesday or WodnoBday night. Young Brldo gave
his testimony sitting in nn Invalids chair, for one
of hlB foot hod beon frozen.
Tholr action undor tho circumstances wob ono
of tho things that Cardinal Farley roferrod to
whon ho said that ono of tho lessons which can
ho drawn from tho disaster was the assurance It
gavo that men could bo dopondod upou to play tho
jmrt of heroes In any omergoncy.
I Tho movement to Increaso tho scopo of wiro
Iobh aorvlco, which had nlroady comtnoncod boforo
tho Titanic disaster, has rocolved a now Impotus
jjuid tho dawn of tho new era, which was predicted
Jlong boforo tho Iosb of tho Titanic, has been ap
preciably hastened, exports Bay.
In England tho government has entered Into a
contract which will result In a system for connect
lrtg ovory part of tho British omplro. Arrange
ments aro already In progreBB and in duo courso
r nyntom will bo started, It was said In parliament,
.which will oxtond frcm England to Cyprus, from
Cyprus to Aden, from Aden to Coylon, from Ceylon
(o tho Straits Settlements, from tho Straits Settle
ments to western Australia and from woatorn Aus
tralia to Now Zoaland, forming a series of six
stations, tho British dominions on tho othor side
of tho world, Ofllclul Marconi publications Bay
that tho agreement will bo followed by others of
a Blinllar nature with othor countries.
T' An Interesting part of tho extension of tho wire
less In an arrangement with tho Marconi com
pany which will afford a tranB-Paclflc wlrolosB
Bervico for an Amorlcan land telegraph company.
TIiIb company has entered Into a traffic arrange
ment with tho Marconi company whereby It will
receive and deliver Marconlgrams to and from Eu
rope Tho agreement provides for the extension
of tho Marconi ayatcm from tho Pacific coast of
tho United States to Hawaii, China, Japan and
tho Philippines, thus giving wireless trans-Paclflc
s service.
' This agroement virtually gtves tho American
company a largo sharo of the wireless business.
Tho English Marconi company Is understood to
',bo planning a long distance wlroless apparatus for
dlrout communication betwoon New York and Lon
don, and It la oald that n Btatlon noar Now York
-would permit messages to bo Rent to Cuba, Puna
' ma and South Amorlcan countries.
Tho Arlington station will havo throo stool tow-
rs arranged Ip tho form of a triangle. Tho
, aerial wlros are to bo strung from tho taller towor
t , to tho other two on either sldo of It. Tho lnBtalla-
, Hon for tronsmlttlng wlrolosB at this station will
' bo duplicated at the others,
In picking out locations for theso now stations
many points have had to bo considered. In most
fct oases somo sort of wlroloss equlpmont Is already
"ft!-In operation at these Btatlons and tho advisability
"To strip wireless of Its technicali
ties and boll It down to tho primal
constituents Is not hard," said an ex
pert who has made a study of the
theory and knows tho practice. "It
is simply transference through Bpace
of waves of electromagnetic energy.
"When a wireless operator presses
a key, a spark jumps between two
pieces of metal. Theso two pieces of
motal aro connected with long wires,
called nntennno, that aro strung on
polos callod aerials. Tho energy from
this spark Is spread on these wires
and diffused in waves.
"Theso waves havo doflnlto length,
whjch can bo determined partly
through tho power of tho sending sta
tion. The station that la receiving
these la able to put Itself In tunc to
receive wave lengths of tho nature
sent out by tho sending station and
exclude others."
Wireless rolleB on electromagnetic
waves as tho sourco of Its communi
cation. These waves aro sometimes
called Hertzian wavos and were mado
uso of for tho first tlmo In 1880 by
Prof. Amos Dolbear of Tufts college
Ho applied for a patent on a wireless
system that had every essential of the
plan followed today. Ho got bis pat
ent In 188G, which was two years be
fore Dr. Hortz's discoveries.
INCIDENTS BEFORE THE BIG REPUBLICAN
CONTEST IN THE COLISEUM AT CHICAGO
of eroding tho larger plants has depended to a
groat moasuro on tho success of those nlroady
working. This is ovldoncod by the Arlington sta
tion, which Is across tho Potomac from Washing
ton and near tho military reservation of Fort
Myor.
From Arlington tho north Atlantic ocean can
bo covered and tho naval baso at Guantanamo,
Cuba, Is within Its radius, na is also San Fran
cIbco. This, It Is polntod out, brings tho canal
zono Into direct communication with Washington.
Tho Pacific coast will bo dominated by tho station
at San Francisco.
At tho Brooklyn navy yard tho sailors who aro
to tako places in tho wlroless room of tho bnttle
Bhlps receive a training In. tholr work. For this
branch of tho Bervico a building 300 feet long, CO
fcot wide and two stories high has been not apart.
Tho courso In wireless propor takes Boyon weeks.
Tho first week Is given over to tho study of the
theory of wlroless communication and tho next
week boob tho pupil at a sending key studying
nnd practicing tho continental codo. Messages
aro sent by an automatic transmitter.
During tho sevon weeks of tho wireless train
ing tho pupil recolven Instruction In making dia
grams of transmitting sots and aerials and tries
his hand at repairing and overhauling tho various
sots In uso. At tho end of tho seventh week If
ho Is ablo to send and receive fifteen words a
mlnuto ho Is stationed at a receiving booth, where
ho can have actual experience. Two weekB are
allowed (or rovlow before 'the final examination.
Boforo actual wireless work Is takon up by tho
students each ono goos through a short courso In
tho ground work of electrical equipment. He
Btarts at tho blacksmith shop, whero ho learns to
build a fire properly. Then ho la taught forging,
welding and tempering Iron and steel, and In
structed In the uso of soldering Iron. In tho ma
chine shop ho practlcos on tho latho, ehaper, drill
press, milling machlno, emery wheel nnd bench,
Engine work follows, for tho naval electrician
Is expected to be competent to repair any part of
the ship's olectrlcal equipment. Slmplo, com
pound, turbine, oil and gaeollno engines nro taken
apart and assembled, lined up nnd repaired.
Valvos, condonsors, air and circulating pumps aro
mastered. Thoro Is also three weoks instruction
In tho work of Interior communication nnd light
ing of a ship which teaches the student how to In
stall and Inspect tho entire olectrlcal equipment
of a battloshlp. Tho authorities of tho navy yard
believe that tho student Is not ready to tako up
tho actual study of wireless communication until
he has first mastered tho details of tho machinery
that makos tho olectrlcal spark posslblo.
While everybody knows that wlroless messages
nro being sent, It is not generally understood how
this Is dono.
Whnt those Investigators found was that when
nn electric spark Jumped between two poles thero
wero started, In what tho scientists call tho other,
magnetic forco lines. Those force lines detached
thomsolvcs and traveled on through spaco at a
tremendous rato of apeed. This speed haa been
reckoned at 186,000 miles a second. It was also
learned that theso forco lines went through space
In wavo lengths that could bo measured.
Doctor Hertz found that the presonco of these
wnves could bo detected across a room by means
of a loop of copper wire. This was called the
Hortz loop. Tho ends of thlB loop wero slightly
pnrtod, and It was found that tho electric spark
on ono sido of tho room cnused a small spark to
pass between tho ends of tho Hortz loop. Sir
Oliver Lodgo and William Marconi used the same
spark gap and connected one side of it to a copper
plato burled In tho earth and tho opposite sldo
to wlros strung In the air. When the apparatus
was constructed In this way tho oloctrlc Bpark
caused oscillations on tho aerial wlrea and cre
ated a wavo that could bo detected at a consider
able dlstnnce.
Tho modern wireless Btatlon has appliances to
regulate tho length of tho wnves that carry the
messages.
To prevent Intorforonco each ship Installation
operates on a nllfforent wave length nnd tho re
ceiving Instruments either on tho Bhlps or the
land stations nro ablo to cut in or tuno In on those
lengths. Tho tuner enables an operator to change
tho wavo lengths on the receiving wires, and bo
get in touch with the office that Is calling.
At tho eenato Inquiry tho oporators from the
Carpathla and the Titanic wore ropoatedly asked
what SOS and C Q D means. Tho effect of those
messages was very cloar to the operators, but they
were not entirely suro what tho letters themselves
meant. Inqulrlos at tho Marconi offices brought
tho Information that tho lottors have no signifi
cance in themsolvea and aro simply agrood code
signs.
Tho call C Q D Is mado by tho symbols for the
letters. C Is dash, dot, dash, dot; Q Is dash, dash,
dot, dash: D Is dash, dot, dot. Tho written dan
ger call of the doep would look like this: .
, j- .
The SOS call Is mado up of S: dot, dot, dot;
O: dash, dash, dash; S: dot, dot, dot and looks
liko this: . . .; ; , . ,
The C Q D sign Is a Marconi symbol. C Q
Is an asrocd call for tho attention of all stations.
Frequontly messnges of Importance aro prefaced
by theso letters. D means danger. It was further
stated that SOS was adopted by tho Berlin con
vention In 1902. Every wireless operator under
stands theso calls.
In some of tho foreign ships, whero the opera-
tors do not speak English It Is customary to
write tho symbolo of tho message and have them
translated.
Chicago, Juno 10. Tho chief duty
of tho Chicago hotel clerk Just now Is
to point out tho political celebrities. It
has been necessary to doscrlbo big
men of tho convention for persons
seeking them so many times that John
Burk, head clerk of tho Annex, can
glvo finest Identifying dotnlls of attlro
and build of a statesman In a mo
ment. A grent part of tho population of tho
hotel consists of newspaper, magazine,
and freo lanco photographers. Twelvo
Bnapshottern wore In nn arc about Sen
ator J. M. Dixon of Montana, Colonel
Roosevelt's manager, when ho con
sented to bo photographed on his ar
rival. Beforo tho senotor reached tho hotel
on Wednesday two men had beon led
out on Michigan avenue by tho camora
squad In tho bollef that each of tho
accommodating strangers wnB tho Mon
tnnan. Ono photographer would bo
"tipped off" that "the tall, white hair
ed man in tho Panama Is Senator Dix
on." Tho stranger nt once would be Invit
ed out In the street for different poses
In tho sun. Of tho two cases of mis
taken Identity ono was A. B. Butler
of Washington, a Taft camp aid. It is
said tho other was a Boston linen
salesman. Ho did not deny ho was
Senator Dixon, and posed graciously
with and without his hat and facing In
different advantageous angles.
A New One From Texas.
Col. Cecil Lyon of tho Texas dele
gation, and an lrrespressible supporter
of Roosevelt, had a now story to tell
to take tho place of his old one about
the cataclysm In Yoakum county, Tex
as, whero a Democratic county conven
tion Instructed for Roosevelt, causing
Wilson supporters to bolt.
"I was walking down the street with
Charles Hllles In Washington tho
other day," began Colonol Lyon, after
somo- ono had said Prosldent Taft's
secretary had arrived at tho Black
stone hotel.
"A small delivery wagon passed,"
tho colonel continued. "I looked up
and saw four large volumes stacked
on top with tho titles facing us. Three
of tho books wero reports of tho Re
publican conventions of 1900, 1904 and
1908. Tho fourth was 'Problems of
tho Day,' by William H. Taft. I di
rected Mr. Hilles' attention to tho load
of books. Ho seemed offended."
Borah's Bushy Hair.
Senator Borah of Idaho is ono of the
few big men of tho convention who
cannot bo called picturesque, unless
his bushy hair entitles him to that de
scription. It is said his only reason
for wearing so much hair is to con
ceal a bad scar on tho back of Ills
head received In an accident In his
youth.
Mr. Borah, llko Jonah K. Kalanla
nnole, Hawaiian delegate, has a round,
chubby, Buster Brown type of physl
ognamy. His dignity, however, is
such that none would think of calling
him "Cupid" and that Is tho brown
skinned islander's nickname in congress.
Has His Name on $5 BUI.
A southern delegate was much ex
cited over tho appearance of a tall
negro at tho Coliseum annex who
figured In several conferences.
"Have you a $5 bill?" asked a friend.
When tho currency was produced
tho friend called attention to tho sig
nature of tho registrar of the treasury,
Judson Lyon.
"That samo dark person over there
1b Judson Lyon, delegate from Geor
gia," was the explanation.
Urey Woodson's Story.
Urey Woodson, secretary of tho
Democratic nntlonal committee, Is tell
ing a story which has what he claims
Is a moral.
"You Republicans," says Mr. Wood
son, "remind me of old Colonel Gun
fire, who, although a Democrat, lived
In a stronghold of Republicanism, Ono
winter he blow in nnd aBked to bo
sworn In as a member of the Demo
cratic legislature.
"Colonel, did you buto enough bent
a Republican?"
"Suh, I bent three of 'em at once."
"Now that 1b what wo are going to
do In less numbers. Get together and
scrap, but after It Is over watch us
Democrats beat two of you, Taft and
Teddy, all at once."
Want Sherman Renominated.
Former Governor Franklin Murphy
of New Jersey took his seat with the
national committee mlnuB tho vice
presidential boom which ho had with
him four years ago. This year Mr.
Murphy 1b singing the praises of Vice
President Sherman for another term
"I know that custom Is against re
nominating a vice-president," ho said,
"but thero Is a strong current in fnvor
of renominating Vice-President Sher
man. It will probably bo an eastern
man and all the gossip I have heard
has been for Sherman."
Mr. Murphy added that tho "vice
presidential bee" has ceased to buzz
In his direction.
A group of out-of-town newspaper
representatives wero on the point of
making an enumeration In the vicin
ity of tho Coliseum of emergency
cafes for reference In times of busy
sessions.
"Col. Cecil Lyon has Just put
through a motion making newspaper
men guests nt a cafe Bervico to bo
Installed In headquarters at once,"
said n committeeman who left tho ses
sion before ndjournment.
Colonel Lyon was proposed for dark
horse candidate Immediately and
unanimously.
Good Nature the Rule.
Good nature is tho rulo among all of
tho national committeemen an1 dele
gates. None Is too harassed by puz
zling political entanglements to deny
any ono a smile and handshake
"An old crab has lots of luck In
this game I don't think!" laughed
Senator Dixon, Roosevelt's manager,
after ho had passed out a dozen pulsat
ing hand grasps. Then ho walked
over to former Senator Dick Taft
contest director in tho lobby of na
tional committee headquarters at tho
Coliseum annex and slapped him on
the back.
" 'Lo," said Mr. Dixon.
"Right back at you, senator," smiled
Mr. Dick. '
Those who wero near tho two chiefs
of the hostile camps could hear a boy
ish "Joe" and "Charley" being ex
changed at times. They wore llko "bid
college chums. Friendly eyo twinkling
scones between chiefs and lieutenants
and subalterns of tho opposing forces
wero common.
Ono noteworthy meeting that start
ed amicably and ended in a torrid ar-.
gument was between Joseph Kcallng
of Indiana and Congressman Lucius
C. Llttauer of New York.
Importance of the Bell Boys.
Tho bell boys of the big hotels havo
been pressed luto service for all sorts
of duties. They not only carry lco
water and Ufa preservers to tho vari
ous headquarters and rooms of dole
gates, but nlso servo In the capacity
of page, "state houso messenger,"
mnrshal of delegations, office boy, In
troducer, and general headquarters attache.
Thero aro hundreds of different doc
uments to be exchanged between head
quarters, with verbal explanations to
go to" the men In charge.
"Hero'B tho list of delegates from
Alabama with the Twenty-third dis
trict left out," a delegation chief ex
plains to the boy in buttons. "Tako
It up to Senator Blank with my com
pliments, and inform him I will send
tho rest to him In half an hour."
When a hop was dispatched wltlna
copy of the recommendations of tho
rules committee, to be submitted to
tho nntlonal committee, a senator re
marked: "That young man has a mission of
more widespread influence than that
of any other boy In America."
"Whoo-eo," sighed a bell boy. Ho
was counting change. "Nine hours on
the hop and only $1.G0 in tips. I am
going to vote the Democratic ticket
straight."
Teddy's Bulldog.
When the Roosevelt press bureau
arrived from Washington they brought
with them a new campaign song, which
Is causing a smile even among tho
Taft delegations. It is to the tuno of
"Casey Jones."
Teddy's gotta dawg, but he aint no
hound,
He's a square jawed bull, and his face
Is round,
His legs la short, and he's closo to the
ground,
And you bet they ain't klckln' Teddy's
dawg around.
CHORUS.
Square jawed bull, nnd his faco Is
round,
Squared jawed bull, and his faco is
hound,
Short legged bull, closo to tho ground,
Aud you bet they ain't klckln' Teddy's
bull around.
Tho Democratic dawg, the unlucky
hound
That tho boyB havo all been klckln
around
Is tho samo old dawg that's been stick
In' roun
Since old Abe Lincoln camo to Wash
ington town.
And now he comes back, the measley
hound.
With his face and his tall still hangln'
down,
The Iiungry, sly old lop eared hound,
No wonder the boys havo been klckln'
round.
All Taft Types.
It has been noticed that a great
part of tho delegates that have arrived
are robust men. "All Tnft typos," com
mented an admirer of tho president.
Chief among the heavyweights is A.
M. Stevenson, Colorado national com
mitteeman, who halls from Denver.
Mr. Stevenson weighs mora than 300
pounds.
Delegation From Hawaii.
Seated in a corner of the Pompellnn
room at the Congress hotel was a lit
tlo party composed of the Hawaiian
delegation. Prince Kalanlonaolo, gen
erally called "Prince Cupid," and C.
A. Rice, delegates from the Island; H.
L. Holsteln, nntlonal committeeman;
A. Horner, secretaryto the delegation,
and Colonel S. Parker, the "Mark Han
pa of Hawaii," made up the party.
"It can't be all work and no play,"
said the prince.
Since a Roosevelt delegation camo
Into the Congress singing a parody on
tho "Houn' Dog," Taft supporters havo
begun to put themselves In practice
for the campaign yellB.
Short, long, loud nnd sharp, they
come In all varieties. Some are for
use beforo and somo after tho nomi
nation. A mourning song Is being
written, bemoaning the fate of "Ted
dy," nnd several In jubilation, In an
ticipation of tho success of Taft. A
farewell yell will be put In use later.
Tho last lino tells tho whole Btory.
"Wo're going home, we'ro broke."
iL