FOR GROWING CELERY
WH)T CAUSES SEEPED LAND
i'
)
Ml
iL
f
Crop Requires Intensive and
Painstaking Culture.
In Production of Plants It Is Necessary
to Have Well Prepared Seed Bed
Irrigation Is Also Essen
tial Point.
y
(By DH. 'l,EON V. BATCHI3LOR, Utah
Agricultural ColleKe.)
It will hardly be possible within the
space of this article to glvo ono the
detailed directions for growing celery.
This crop requires a most Intensive
and painstaking culture, a very rich
soil, the best surface Ullage? and care
ful attention to the care of the young
plants before sotting in the field.
Celery Is always a transplanted
crop. The seeds aro small and ger
minate slowly and the seedlings aro
Very dollcato. An ounce of seed should
produce about 2,000 good plants. This
allows for several times that amount
of loss duo to poor germination nnd
weak seedlings. One pound of eel
ry seed should give enough strong
plants to set four or five acres.
In the production of these plants, It
Is necessary to have a well prepared
sod with n perfect surfnee tilth and it
should retain moisture to the top.
Preferably It should be protected from
hot and drying winds. Some pars6nB
prefer to have the seed bed partially
shaded with lath or cheese cloth
shades. If the shading is too dense,
the plantB arc likely to be soft and
lender when .taken to the field, and aro
killed by sunscald. It Is ndvisablo to
have a shade which can be easily re
moved from tho bed except on the very
bright, drying days. Sometimes tho
bed is covered with boards or straw in
order to maintain the moisture until
germination has taken place. This
may bo advisable. If the covering Is
toft too long the plants may make n
rery weak and spindling growth and
are consequently worthless. If this
covering Is used, It is generally advis
able to remove it gradually as the
plants germinate.
It is essential that the Eced bed be
so located that It can be watered every
evening if necessary. Care must bo
exercised that the watering Is not so
heavy that It packs or puddles the
soil.
In order to secure stalky plants, they
should bo transplanted once or twice
In tho seed bod, or they may be thin
ned until they finally stand two or
three Inches apart. The labor of trans
planting is so groat that many grow
ers prefer to secure stalky plants by
thinning and then shearing off the re
mainder of tho plants when they have
becomo too tall. Tho plants may be
cut back one-third or one-half their
growth by shears or sickle.
Celery is grown as a short season
crop, occupying land only part of the
season. Therefore, it may follow such
a. crop ns very early pens, early cab
bages, radishes or bunch beets. It is
also frequently handled as a compan
ion crop, growing two or three rows
of onions between tho rows of celery.
In this case, transplanted onions nre
used, which will mature In time to use
the Bpaco for blanching tho celery.
A thorough, shallow surface tillage
should bo maintained throughout tho
growing season, accompanied by suffl
slcnt Irrigation to keep up a continual
thrllty growth. If the plants are al
lowed to be checked any time In their
growth, oven from the seed bed stage
to the time they are half grown, dlffi
:ulty will likely be encountered in tho
plants going to seed. Very early cel
ery may be sot in the field any time
is soon as the soil can be worked.
However, there Is very little demand
for Buch an early crop, and tho cost
of production Is considerable. Tho
main crop for fall nnd winter consump
tion is planted in the field from the
middle of June to tho middle of July.
Celery must bo crisp and tender and
well blanched to bo fit for use. Blanch
ing is accomplished by excluding tho
light. There are two common meth
3ds of blanching celery In vogue at tho
present day; by tho use of boards and
banking up, the enrth. Blanching by
means of boards Is employed only for
Iho early and Bummer celery; because
protection from tho frost must bo
supplied to the celery which remains
In the field after tho first of October,
nnd the boards usually do not afford
special protection. Use boards one
foot wide and one Inch thick nnd
about 12 to 14 Inches long. These
boards are set on edge close against
t';e crown of the plant, one on either
side of tho row, and tho tops are
tipped together so they aro only two
or three inches apart, or until they
crowd against tho plants. The boards
are held in this position by cleats
nailed across the top or by wlro hooks.
After tho boards are thus1 placed, the
soil can be worked up around tho base
to exclude all light by the use of a
horso cultivator. This hoarding may
begin when the celery is tall enough
Jo show a few of its leaves above
the boards. Tho plants shoot up for
light, making slender, soft stalks. Fo
liage fills the space between the boards
and excludes the light from above and
from ten to twenty days In warm grow
ing weather the celery may boxblanch
od by this method. In any means of
blanching in tho summer ono must see
that tho plants do not rot at the heart,
as they nre likely to do If they are
too wet. Thereforo, hoarding or any
form of blanching must be done when
tho plantB are dry.
If the plants aro set threo feet by
four Inches, thero will be about 44,000
plants to an aero, and it will require
29,000 feet of lumber to blanch them
if they aro baked all at once.
Some Waste of Water Will Occur Un
der Best of Management, Making
Drainage Essential.
(By C. O. KI-UOTT, Chief of DrnlnaRe,
United Stato Bureau of Agriculture.)
Tho cnuso of seeped or ovorsaturat
ed land Is tho wasto from irrigation
nnd lenkago from cannls nnd laterals.
Tho skillful irrigator may Insist that
if no moro water Is applied than Is
needed for growing nnd mnturlng tho
crops, and that If tho canals aro so
constructed that no substantial
amount of water csenpes Into tho
onrth, no land will become too wot for
farming purposes. It is true that In
many InstnnccB irrigators have been
unduly prodigal in tho uso of water,
particularly when tho land Is first
subdued nnd watered. The art of
economical Irrigation Is usually learn
ed only when scarcity of water com
pels its less lavish uso. In any event,
under methods that wo may expect will
prevail, some wasto of water will oc
cur under tho best of management,
mnking draining in mnny places essen
tial to profitable farming. For these
reasons an account of dralnngo con
ditions in different localities and tho
methods of treating them, together
with the rcsultB which have followod
various drainage operations, will be of
Interest to tho, holders of irrigated
farm lands.
It should bo,.obsortVed as h general
truth, that water which produces per
manent saturation Vises from tho bot
tom' of tho saturated portion toward
tho surface. Waste from Irrigation
first passes downward until a hnrd
stratum, of earth Is reached. This
may be only a few feet, In which enso
tho additions which accrue from the
Irrigation of a few years will bring
the permanent ground wnter level to
within two or threo feet of the sur
face, at which time Injury to farm
crops will ensue. Tho distance to a
horizon of hard material may bo much
greater and the intervening ground
may permit free percolation, in which
case a much longer time will bo re
quired to fill the soil, because of tho
larger reservoir capacity and the re
lief afforded by under-dralnnge. It in
not the downward movement of water
alone which occasions boggy or wet
areas, but tho lateral movement of
ground water down a slope until a
flat tract or surface depression checks
tho flow nnd causes nn accumulation
of water, which is made known by Its
nppearanco, not, however, until the
lower parts of tho soil have been filled.
Such depressions or level nrcat re
ceive tho accumulated waste water
proceeding from adjoining lands,
which occupy a hfgher-lavol. It w(H
be EeeTi that the saturated .condition
of the land which Bhows injury is not
duo to the water which is applied di
rectly to Irrigate It, but to tho surplus
which percolates from the higher
lands, sometlnies through considerable
distances, until It reaches the lower
fiat or1 depression.
Drainage hns boon carried bn In the
west to such an extent that certain
methods are now practiced with rea
sonable assurance of success. Refer
once to some of theso will Indicate
the variety of procedure which 1b now
followed, as well as the constructive
difficulties which attend this class of
lmprovementp. The development along
this lino which has taken place during
tho last five years is most encouraging
to holders of seeped Innd.
Value of Irrigation.
Irrigation will bring maximum crops
while the land Is new and full of plant
food; but where tho crops aro sold
year by year irrigation will not of
itself assure good results.
LIVE SflPOjOfr
Silos, like many other good things,
can be overdone.
Keeping comfortable goes a long
ways toward making cheap pork.
Parasites common to sheep infest
southern flocks Just as olEowhero.
It is a mistake if the hog Is not fed
in a clean place frco from dust and
mud.
Sheep need plenty of fresh air, and
they certainly are moro warmly clad
than wo aro.
A hog cannot sleep comfortably in
a draft of wind. It will catch cold
very easily.
During tho winter months sheep
should be well protected from storms
of all nature.
Well-drained yards and pens will
help to' keep the hogs more thrifty
nnd profitable.
To do their host, sheep should
either have free access to salt or else
be salted onco n week.
If northwestern farmers grow more
sheep they would lose less sleep over
tho possible foreclosure of the mort
gage. Sheep a year old or moro commonly
gain faster on corn when they have
only dry roughage, especially clover
or alfalfa.
If a hog misses a food watch It;
if It misses the second feed remove
It from tho herd and thoroughly dis
infect where it has been.
The novice when selecting n ram of
the Downs or other hornless breeds
of sheep should bo very careful not
to select ono with stubs miniature
horns.
Probably tho most destructive prac
tice is that of turning the stock onto
tho pasture-field too early in tiie
spring.
Mature breeding hogs can uso r
larger proportion of their feed in tho
form of roughage than can young and
growing hogs.
IS THE PAIN THERE?
A
TV n'
"Every Picture
Tells a Story'
?
O
Si
O
7
WM
r
' IT
m
! t"i
0A
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Then Your Kidneys May Be Weak and in
Need of Quick Attention
Backache is enough cause to suspect the kidneys. The
kidneys are in the small of the back. Congested kidneys swell
and throb. The back naturally aches. It hurts to bend or
stoop or to sit down.
Kidney trouble may come on all unnoticed. A cold, a
chill, a fever, a strain or irregular habits may start it. While
sick kidneys can be cured in the beginning, it is a serious
matter when dropsy, gravel or Bright's disease sets in.
Doan's Kidney Pills have made a reputation in the cure of
backache, and kidney and bladder ills. The best proof is the
testimony of the users. Here are two typical testimonials.
Thirty thousand others are being published in the newspapers.
A postage stamp will bring you reports of cases nearer home.
If you suspect your kidneys, get the best-recommended
kidney remedy.
1
it
MRS. MARY I. REMINGTON.
A Resident of Gtlroy, Cal.
w
&'
Cured of Sorious Caso at a Criti
cal Period.
"I suffered so severely from pain
and Boroness over my kidneys," says
Mrs. Itomington, "that It was a task
for mo to turn in bed. My kidneys
noted very freely but
secretions wore re
tarded and scalded In
passage. I was weak
nnd much run down.
"After taking oth
er romedlos without
benefit, I began using
Doan'B Kidney Pills
and waB completely
w- uuiuu. 1 wua uiu&
through tho crlticnl period of a wom
an's lifo at tho tlmo, and after using
Doan's Kidney Pills thero waB n mir
aculous chango for tho hotter in my
health."
OHELDON SMITH.
Prop. Arlington House, Woodland, Cal.
Cured of Serious Caso and Feels Llko
a Boy, Dospito Ills 70 Yenra.
"Threo years ago I was almost
helpless," said Mr. Smith, "Kidney se
cretions scalded terribly and obliged
mo to nnso ten
to twelve times n
night. My left limb
becamo so stiff and
soro I could hardly
walk Just hobbled
around with a cane.
"I had almost evory
complaint that dis
eased kldnoyB pro
duco nnd Doan's Kid
ney Pills cured them
all. At tho ago of 7G I feel llko a boy,
and onjoy health and comfort. Can
anyono wonder at my gratltudo?"
vsps
-L
DOAN'S KIDNEY PILLS
SOLD AT ALL STORES.
50 CENTS A BOX.
FOSTER-MILBURN COMPANY, BUFFALO, N. Y.
COMMON FORM OF CRUELTY.
Puzzle of Living.
Religionists chlded about their ina-
Ublllty to agree on points of. faith might
point out that they differ only in Inci
dentals and not essoutialB, whereas
tho scientists differ on everything.
Tako tho science of living. A week
ago you would have "died if you drank
wator with your meals," Now they
say It doesn't do any harm at all. Ono
variety Bays: "Eat meat, lots of it, to
build good, rich blood." Another says
meat is poison; that egetables are
tho only food. A third declares meat
and vegetables both increase debility,
and that you will livo twlco as long
on raw fruits and nuts. Somo say
"Talk with your meals, laugh; It
makos tho food digest." Others Insist
silence is never so golden as at tho
tablo.
Bessie Yes, ho claimed his wife
pinched him severely whenever sho
asked him for money.
Bert Well, he needn't flatter him
self that ho is the only man who has
been pinched for money.
HANDS WOULD CRACK, OPEN
"About two months ago my hands
started to crack opon and bleed, tho
Bkln would scolo off, and tho good
flesh would burn and itch dreadfully.
When my hands first started to get
soro, thero were small blisters like wa
ter blisters which formed. They
Itched dreadfully, it Just seemed as
though I could tear tho Bkln all off. I
would scratch them and tho skin would
peel off, and the flesh would bo all
red and crack open and bleed. It wor
ried mo very much, as I had never
had anything the matter with my skin.
I was eo' afraid I would havo to glvo
up my employment.
"My doctor said he didn't think It'
would amount to anything. But It kept
getting worse. One dny I saw a piece
in one of tho papers about a lady who
had tho same trouble with her hands.
Sho had used Cutlcura Soap and Oint
ment and was cured. I decided to try
them, and my hands "were all healed
beforo I had UBed ono cako of Cutl
cura Ointment. I urn truly thankful
for tho good results from tho Cutlcura
Sonp and Ointment, for thanks to them
I was cured, and did nqt havo to loso
a day from work. I havo had no ro
turn of tho skin trouble." (Signed)
Mrs. Mary E. Breig, 2522 Brown
Street, Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 12, 1911.
Although Cutlcura Soap and Oint
ment nre Bold ovorywhero, a samplo
of each, with 32-pago book, will ho
mailed free on application to "Cutl
cura." Dept. Li, Boston.
Among Epicures.
"Paris Is a swift town."
"That's true, hut snails aro very
popular thero."
Revised Version.
Senator Bankhend, discussing an
eloquent speech that had been rathor
poorly ireported, said:
"The report spoiled tho speech. It
was llko old Hiram's Earwig's account
of Daniel Webster's last word. Web
ster, you know, ns ho lay dying, ut
tered tho profound and significant
sentence, 'I still live.' Well, Uiram
Earwig of Skceter Beach said to a
visitor from tho city:
" 'Ynwp, llfo's onsartln. Wot wuz It
that thar Now Englander said Web
ster, I think? Yawp, It wuz General
Dan Webster. Ho got off a good thing
just afore he died. Ho rlz up In bed
an' says, says he:
I ain't dead ylt!"" Baltlmoro
Sun.
Obliged Anyway.
"Tho writer," says Senator J. L.
Brady, "was complimented highly tho
other day. He received a booklet call
ed 'Santn Fo Do Luxe,' mnrked per
sonal and tho words three times un
derlined. It was a description of tho
now extra fare train. There wns onco
an old colored man who was asked
to change a $10 bill. 'I cannot do It,'
ho replied, 'but I am obliged o you
for tho suspicion."
Fortissimo.
When a certain Bnltlmoro matron
returned homo ono nfternoon not so
long ago tho first sight her eyes be
held was a badly damaged youngster
of hers. Little Bobby's forehead bore
a bump almost tho slzo of a doorknob.
"Henvens!" exclaimed the mothor.
"What has happened to Bobby?"
"Nuthln' much, mum," explained tho
now nurso. "You told me, mum, ho
might play on tho planner If ho wanted
to. Well, mum, wanst whllo ho was slid
ing on .ho top, ho slid a bit too far,
mum; an' that accounts for tho bump
yo see, mum."
Natural Avoidance.
Mnyor Gaynor of New York was de
fending his nntl-suffrngo views:
"Woman has her placo and man hns
his," he said, "nnd when I think of
tho confusion that would coma from
Intermingling their places, I am re
minded of nn nnocdoto about Lady
Holland. Lady Holland onco said to
Lord John Russell: 'Why hasn't Lord
Holland got a post In tho cabinet?'
'Well, If you must know,' Lord John
answered, 'It Is becnuso nobody would
work in a cabinet with a man whoso
wlfo oponB all his letters.' "
Work Begets Work.
George W. Perkins, tho New York:
financier, was talking about the scar
city of tho $10,000 a year man tho
man actually worth a $10,000 salary.
"Tho advantngo of tho $10,000 a
year man," ho said, "is not alone that
he works splondldly It is nlso that
under him everybody elso works splen
didly. Thoros a Chinese proverb," ho
said, "that expresses exactly what I
Km can:
" 'If a vfarmer is diligent the soil
will not bo lazy."'
Good Advice.
"I will hive my pound of flosh."
"Bo a vegetarian Instcnd, and take
a peck of potatoes."
Probably the Truth.
Tho druggist in a small town died,
and his widow continued the business.
A month later sho nrranged tho win
dow display so that It was very at
tractive That week ,tho town papor
contained this Item of news:
"Mr. Arthur Edwards, a prominent
druggist of Illgglnsvlllo, took In tho
sights of our city yesterday. Ho wns
very much Interested In our drug
glst'B attractive widow."
ONLY ONIS "IJItOMO QUININE."
l'bat la LAXATIVH IlllOMO OIJININK. Ixnk for
the slcnalurn (if K. W. OUOVK. Uied tho World
over to Cure u Cold In Ono Day. 2So.
He who reigns within himself and
rules passions, desires nnd fears Is
moro than a king. Milton.
Garfield Tea will keep tho whole system in
perfect condition.
Perhaps a rolling stone gathers no
moss because It Isn't on the level.
Brangs Considerably.
"HaB Biffols any favorite fiction?"
"Yes. And it's mostly about hlnv
B0lf."
Loveliness of character is nothing
but steady lovo of good and steady
scorn of evil. Froudo.
Mrs. WInslow'a Boothlng Byrnp for Children
teething, softens the guuiH, reducen In Hum mo
tion, allays palo.cureo wind colic. 2Sc a buttle.
An oculist can do nothing for a mnn
who Is blind to his own Interests,
Tho Pnxton Toilet . Co. of Boston,
Mass., will send a largo trial box of
Paxtlno Antiseptic, a delightful cleans
ing and germicidal toilet preparation,
to any woman, free, upon request.
Fairy Story.
"They married and lived happily
ever after."
"You forgot that you aro talking
about two people on tho stngo."
FREE
A Hint From Shakespeare.
"Why do you call your dog Ham
let?" "Can't you seo why? He's a Great
Dano."
I -want every person
wlio la uIIIouh, consti
pated or ban any Btom
ncli or liver -Ument to
eend for u free pnuknge'
of my Paw-Paw l'lllc
I want to prove that
they positively cure In
digestion, Sour Btoin
neb, lSelehlng, Wind,.
Ilaadnubo, Nervous
lieaB,81eepleuRncss uml
are an Infalllbla euro
forConstlnutlou. To do-
thin I am willing to (jlvo mlllloim of free pack
ages. I ta' nil tho risk. Bold by drugglsta
for 25 cent a itil. For free parltnee address,
Prol. Munyon. 03 rd & Jellerson Sti.. Phlladelohls. Pa.
WOOI) WAHTK MAOAZINK-A handsomely
Illustrated monthly. Uirt International circula
tion of unr scientific utllltlng wasto for proms by
dlatlllntlon nuiiiaxlno. 'forms: Ma a yoar; 60 a copy.
Adv. ruto, fl pnr Inch flat. .Address Wood Wahi
UI8T1M.CIUKH Co., Inc., Woellnif, Vt. Va., U. H. A.
I'OIt SAI.B-421 A. IN FIIANKUN CO., MO.;
00 n. cult.; - sets of Improvement!!; S r. bouse.
3 barns; outbldgs,, S00 Iwarliiv fruit trees, etc.:
excellent stock 'inn. Ilcnne, Box 311), Chicago.
170 A. IN I)0U(1I,...? CO., MO.; CS A. GU1.T.;
log house, barn, outblriint., orchard, inaeli,, etc;
bargain for cash. I''I.F.lr, IIox DID, Chicago.
W. N. U OMAHA, NO. 10-1912.
JSSL
xjyrivffWnjryi g WPy
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t r
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Do you feel all tired out? Do vou sometimes
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