fa
'K
NOTES -yoi2
)BROOK
FARM
mfam&iit
Keop a dally dairy record.
Poultry food should bo palatable.
Tuberculosis ot chickens cannot be
'cured.
' Chaff for food Is worth twlco as
'much aa straw.
Tho goslings aro very hardy and
rculro no coddling.
Poultry will never do well if infest
ed with lice or mites.
You aro safe to buy an old sire, but
don't get him. very fat.
Winter is the time to plan for Im
provements about tho farm.
The horses should bo given at least
ono feed of mixed hay once a day.
To fatten and fit up farm horse
: stock for salo is not a difficult task.
Scatter tho manure as you haul it,
I don't put into littlo piles all over tho
!land.
' Tho flower garden is a thing or
beauty and has a place on every farm
I stead.
Profitable beef production in tho fu
jture means that bettor gains must
jbo made.
Cows should bo in prime- condition
jat tlmo of freshening. Therefore feed
I grain if necessary.
i
! Tho first requirements for success
with fall calves are clean, well venti
lated and sunny pens.
The levelness with which a horse
I walks i3 ono of tho best evidences
'that his legs work In harmony.
On a small scale, vegetable seeds
may bo started in small boxes or Hats,
j placed under tho kitchen stove.
Never breed from a fowl, however
fine, if it shows a tendency to be kind
to disease .germs or has any weak
nesses. Butter from fresh and properly
ripened cream not over one day old
keeps better than does butter made
from sweet cream.
; Every poultryman has his favorite
j breed and it would be foolish for
him to desert it for some fowl that
! ho did not caro for.
Tho heifer that Is cared for and
handled gently throughout her entlro
life will need little breaking In when
It comes time to milk her.
I Air slaked lime sprinkled on tho
! floor under the roosts and on tho drop
ping boards will holp to keep tho
place healthy and the air pure.
At this day and time there are
i scores of breeds that aro well suited
to tho needs of tho farmer for both
Jegg production and for market pur
j poses.
! If you did not savo enough good
jseed for tho farm crops, lose no time
jin getting enough to plant your crops.
Got tho best that can bo had, regard
Jess of the prico.
It is not breeding alono that 13 go
iing to determine tho future usefu
lness of tho cow, but it must bo sup-
ported by liberal feeding, daily caro
land careful observation.
When you buy dairy cows remem-
iber that if you are buying from a
! dairyman who intends to continue In
business the chances aro that you aro
not getting tho best that ho has.
Fre3h air, sunshine, and exerclso
aro tho best poultry tonics. But fresh
air does not mean drafts in tho
houses, nor does sunshlno call for
exposure to hot suns during tho sum
mer. Sheep, while generally hardy and
robust, aro extremely susceptible to
attacks of discaso which, although not
always fatal, wear on tho constitution
and ultimately impair tho usefulness
of animals afflicted.
While thero may bo no greater nu
itrltlon in a certain feed added to a
I dairy cow's ration than in tho food
'sho has been accustomed to, still, It
lis a fact that a new food adds to the
jpalatablllty of tho ration which Is
tnearly always healthful.
Some dairymen believe that if tho
feed' of thoir cows is changed it will
have a bad effect upon the milk How,
ibut repeated scientific experiments
show that changing from ono feed to
another, and frequent additions to tho
regular feed helps tho milk How.
TJ
iOYPy
Mt J
Every farmer needs n silo.
Aro tho cattle well housed nnd fed?
Keop tho sheep healthy nnd vig
orous. Feed for egg production should bo
rich in protein.
You cannot get heavy egg laying
without heavy feeding.
To improve tho dairy herd, keep tho
best, and sell tho rest.
Clover should be young to make
pigs thrive at top notch.
Judgo not a hen by her beauty, but
by tho way sho does her duty.
Trap nests eliminate drones with
accuracy from any flock of hens.
Food plays an Important part In tho
growth and development of tho colt.
- Many young boars nro ruined by be
ing allowed to run in lots uenr tho
sows.
If you Intend sowing clover or alfal
fa this spring get your seed right
away.
Clover Is the greatest pasture for
hogs provided It Is not allowed to
mature.
Tho successful feeding of poultry
is among the most difficult of feeding
problems.
Most fanners have learned beforo
this that it is expensive to haul green
corn fodder.
Rape seed Is cheap, It gormlnntcs
strongly and furnishes plenty of pala
table forage.
If a hog seems to bo ailing, separate
it from the herd at once and glvo
watchful care.
Ono advantngo In feeding steers on
tho farm Is the maintenance of tho
soil fertility.
Deal gently with the cow of nervous
temperament. She usually is one of
tho best in your herd.
If you get an incubator, assign the
running of it to ono person, and lot
him have solo charge.
A chill brought on by the udder
coming in contact with frosty ground
Is apt to ruin your best cow.
Cfoan, dry bedding spread about
thickly will make cold, hard floors
more endurable these cold nights.
Sunflowers are just tho thing to
raise next season for the fowls but
don't grow them for tho sparrows.
The good dairy cow usually Is wide
in the forehead, tho faco dished be
tween the eyes with a strong under
Jaw.
Never salt the horse's feed In the
box. Plnco a big lump where ho can
reach it, and ho will take it when ho
needs It.
The three essentials for a success
ful dairy cow aro vigor, capacity for
food and well-developed organs for
milk production.
Goslings will thrive If fed on grnss
alono. but will not make such ranld
growth, of course, as when they aro
given a littlo grain.
Tho cow must have a good breath
ing apparatus, Indicated by n largo
nostril, wide breast and good width
across tho floor of tho chest.
Never Jump from tho wagon when
tho horso is running away. More
lives and limbs are lost In that way
than by remaining In tho wagon.
Until we raise all the hay we need
for our stock, and have all the stock
and all tho manure wo need, it will
pay us to save the whole of the corn
crop.
Feeding cattlo glues not only a
profit on tho feed produced on tho
farm, but it supplies the farm with
manure which Is greatly desired In
progressive farming.
Calves should not bo turned out to
pasture unless they have had a littlo
green feed before, ns It Is liable to
cause scours. Give all tho fresh, clean
water the calf will drink.
A dally record should be kept ot
each cow In tho stable. In a yearM
time a dairyman will know by prac
tical demonstration what cowb aro
paying him and those that aro not.
A few sweet apples or lumps of su
gar is likely to prove much moro ef
fective than a whip in securing
obedience from an Intelligent, spirited
highly bred colt, or even a" mature ani
mal of the horso kind.
Preventive measures In warding off
Bheep troubles not only cllminalo
tedious treatment, but sustain the
physical Btato of tho animals In tho
most natural and desirable condition
for breeding purposes.
Tho setting hen must bo protected
from lice. She offers a splendid breed
ing place for these, parasites, and
unless something is dono to check
their growth in tho nost the chick
ens will bo hatched under serious
handicap.
PEAR ONE OF MOST LUSCIOUS
FRUITS UNDER CULTIVATION
iTrecs, However, Aro Moro Difficult to Maintain In Healthy
Productive Condition Than Apple Neglect in
Many Instances Becomes Prima Causo
of Ultimate Failure.
"
Budding: a, Budding knife; b, bud
cross cut at top: d, opening of bark
bud; f, Inserting the bud; g, bud Inserted; h, bud properly wrapped.
.(By G. H. BKACKETT, United States
! Department of Agriculture.)
Tho pear has long been regarded as
one of the must luscious of tho many
kinds or fruit brought under cultiva
tion. Tho choice varieties excel most
apples In rich, juicy texture and deli
cacy of flavor, and for both desert
and cullnnry purposes, either canned
or in tho fresh state, the pear Is con
sidered a great acquisition. With a
proper selection of vnrletles and with
careful handling and storing of the
fruit its season of use may be extend
ed from midsummer to late winter
without resorting to artificial means
of preservation.
Pear trees aro more difficult to
maintain in a healthy, productive con
dition than apple trees and can not bo
grown with the same degree of suc
cess over so wide an area of country.
Such has been tho uncertainty of suc
cess in growing pears in many parts
of tho United States that few farmers
have the needed confidence to plant
even the few trees necessary to pro
vide fruit for home use. This lack of
confidence too often leads to neglect,
which in many instances becomes
tho prime cause of ultimate failure.
The operation of budding, which
must bo performed during the grow
ing season, consists In removing a
bud from a twig of the desired vnrlo
ty and inserting it beneath the bark
of tho stock or young seedling which
is to bo changed. Tho Inserted bud
Is held in placo by wrapping it fast
with soft cotton twine, bark, or raffia.
In about ten days tho bud will have
united with tho stock and the wrap
ping may be removed. Then by cut
ting back the stock or limb to near
tho inserted bud, tho sap is forced
into the newly transplanted bud and
tho growth of a new tree of tho de
sired variety is promoted.
" A budding knifo and the successive
stages of budding aro shown In tho
illustration.
The mnin requisites for success in
budding are (1) a healthy growing
condition of tho stock on which the
work is to bo dono and (2) a certain
state of maturity of tho buds. Tho
bark of tho stock must separate free
ly, so that the bud may be forced un
der it without Injury to the cambium
layer of either bud or stock. The bud
sticks or scions for budding should be
of tho current year's growth and
should have well.develojed buds.
When tho scions are tnken from the
tree tho leaves must be cut off Imme
diately, lenvlng only a short stub of
the leaf stem for convenience In han
dling during the operation of budding.
Tlio bud sticks should bo kept In
fresh condition by means of dnmp
moss or a wet cloth, nnd not more
than one or two scions should bo
withdrawn from tho packngo at a
time.
Although budding Jinny bo dono as
enrly as woll-developed buds can bo ob
tained, the common practlco of nurs
erymen is to Ins -t the buds ns late In
tho season as tho bark of the stock
will separate freely. Ry this method
of lato budding the bud is allowed to
remain dormant through tho following
winter. In tho spring tho wrapping is
removed nnd where tho bud appears
to be sound tho top Is cut back as nl
ready Indicated. All buds on the
stock below the ono Inserted should
bo rubbed off ob thoy start to grow, so
ns to throw all the sap into tho
growth of tho bud inserted.
It Is as important with tho pear as
with any other kind of fruit treo that
the land, whether for standards or
i -i
stick; c, lengthwise
incision with
for Insertion of bud: e,
removing tho
dwarfs, bo well and thoroughly pre
pared by plowing nnd stirring tho soil
and subsoil deeply beforo plnnting.
An excellent plan is to plow tho
ground in lauds in tho direction that
will afford tho best drainage, backfur
rowing with n heavy plow and leaving
tho dead furrows whero tho rows o
trees aro to be set. It is well to
break up tho bottom of this dead fur
row by running a subsoil plow through
it two or three times, giving It a good
stirring. This method affords a deep
er tilth under the trees and allows a
partial underdralnage In heavy clay
subsoil, if tho rows are laid out with
referenco to this object, and Is prefer
nblo to digging holes which would
form basins that would hold water
during rainy seasons, to tho injury of
tho trees.
A good distance for plnnting stand
ard pear trees Is 15 by 30 feet; that is,
tho rows are 30 feet apart and tho
trees 15 feet apart In tho rows. Tho
object of this method is to obtain
larger crops of fruit from tho samo
ground until tho trees become largo
enough to Interfere with each other;
then each alternnto treo In the row Is
cutout, leaving the trees In tho entiro
orchard at a distance of 30 feet each
way. This system has tho advantngo
of more fully utilizing tho land' for
fruit production until the thinning out
becomes necessary. Another plan Is
to plant the trees 20 feet apart each
way. This distance will afford freo
circulation of air and abundnnco of
sunlight, both of which aro essential
to well-developed nnd highly colored
fruit.
USEFUL FENCE
MENDING DEVICE
Illustration Shown Contrivanca
That Will Bo Found Satio-
factory Made ot
Toush Wood.
For mending n wire fence the de
vice IlliiBtrnted herewith will bo foundi
very satisfactory. It consists of two
sticks of tough wood, say 4 feet long,
nnd bolted together at a point about
two-thirds tho length from tho upper
end, says the Orange Judd Farmer.
A steel clamp at the upper end of
ench stick Is fastened for holding the
wire. In each of these a loose end of
tho wire to be mended Is fastened
k
Wire Fi
and the legs of
toward each otj
one leg engpj
other. Theni
tho device
'm
1
nil
ratchet ami
LESS EXPENSIVE FATTENING
SYSTEM SUGGESTED BY FLINT
Buy Cattlo In Thin Flesh, Feed Plenty of Roughage and
Then Turn Them Out on Grass Pasturo Prima
Corn-Fed Animals Are Scarce During Summer
Months and Bring Good Prices.
1 HI-- -!! 1 1. 1.. I ! ' " ! ! I! ! !
Excellent Bunch
Choice beef can bo produced with
less high-priced feed, and at a lower
cost, than It Is produced by most feed
ers, thinks P. N. mint, assistant pro
fessor ot nnlmnl husbandry at tho
Kansas Agricultural college Pro
fessor Flint believes in a less expen
sive method of fattening, In which
grnss is tho principal diet.
Tho common feeding practlco of
many of tho farmers of thu corn belt
Is nn oxponslvo process. Tho cattlo
aro fed during tho winter months.
Sheds havo to bo provided for shelter.
Tho cost of hauling and feeding tho
roughage for tho cattlo when In a dry
lot Is not a small Item, Had weather
Is another objoctlonablo feature moro
feed Is required by n steer to mako
tho samo gain.
Tho feeding practjeo for moro profit
is this: Common feeders Cattlo in
thin flesh may bo bought at a low
price. Got steers two or three years
old. Peed them plenty of roughage to
keep thorn In good condition until they
aro turned out on grass. A fow hours
a day on pasturo is long enough nt
first, until their systems got accus
tomed to tho change Feed tho steers
running on grnss a ration of 8 to 14
YOUNG WOMAN
GOT HER EGGS
Small Flock of Pullcto Initialled
in tho Back Yard in Port
ublo IIouoo Furnish.
Modiclno,
A young lady living in a Binnll elly
had impaired her health by too con
fining work In a city ofucc, says
Christian Hornld. Her physician or
dered her to a sanitarium for rest and
upbuilding, and when sho returned to
work he Instructed her to oat four
fresh-laid eggs daily; two eggs for
breakfast, and tflo others raw, In milk.
Finding It difficult to obtain dopond
ably fresh eggs, sho pcrsunded her
mother to permit her having a small
flock in tho homo yard. A portablo
houso was purchased and fifteen pul
letB Installed In it. A small brother
waB paid 10 centB a week to feed and
caro for the flock, two bugs of ready
mixed food woro bought, and tho re
sult of tho venture was not only all
tho eggs tho young lady needed and n
supply for tho fntnily, but thero was a
surplus which found a ready market
nt the corner drug store, bringing 10
conts a dozen above the market price.
ALABAMA MAN
HAS NEWTRACEj
Wheel In End ot Whifflo
Holds Truco bo Thut Thj
la No Dunsrcr of Ita
Looucnlutr.
Considornblo cloverness
the designing by nn Alnbar
tho trace connector shown.
Tho end of tho whifilciri
rated parallel sides,
tho ends. Pivoted
sides Is a wheel, wit?
and lateral pnssageF
slots. To ub this cci
inserted in tho whej
of tho Blots of tliol
notches In tho end.
of Feeder Steers.
pounds of corn. Begin with a light
ration and work up gradually to tho
maximum. They should -bo ready to
market tho latter part of July.
Prlmo corn-fed cattlo nro scarco
during tho summer, as most of tho
feeders In tho lots nro finished and
Bhippcd out beforo this time. Tho
packers must hnvo cattlo with Bomo
finish, and they pny a good prico to
get them. Coming on tho market at
this time, tho stcors fed on grnss will
bring almost as good a prico as stock
fed a full grain ration in a dry lot.
Tho success of this plan ot feeding
is duo to tho low prico nt which tho
cattlo can bo bought and tho thin con
dition of tho animals coming in tho
common class of feeders. Making eco
nomical gains 1b not a breed but a
typo characteristic. Often tho host
nnd poorest gains mado nro by indi
viduals of tho eamo breed.
Loss Inbor is rcqulrod with summer
feeding. Tho pattlo gather their
roughngo, nnd tho manuro produced
by them Is distributed, and ovonly. In
wlntor, dry-lot-fecdlng Btoors nro foa
a ration of 18 to 22 pounds ot grain
and 6 to 8 pounds of hay aploco, when
' on full feed.
HOGS REQUIRE
GOOD PASTURE
XSvery Farmer Ilavinu Svln
Should Sow Patch, ot Rape
Seed .o Muko Suit
ublo Grazing
Hogs require gr)en food along with
a moderato amount of grain; but the
will keep In good, thrifty conditio
during tho summer months on clcjd
nnd grnBB alono. Every farmer he
hogB should sow a patch of
rape seed. Sow four pounds A
A.r .nn n.nil tn I lin flitn. 41..
MUW 4JIU1I DVCV4 iU 11IU M1U, tlUftl
must bo deop, finely pulvoc
good order. In ton. woj
Ing this mnkos a gc
good grazing; tho
and will bo kept
on rapo tho plgsj
times a mlxtr
ashes, mij
ono of sib
Tho fnii
probnbll
ClOVfi
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