mc Lumber. 11 m OTNTERo I! 5W STRONG MAN OF FRANCE ZJEtfrfH AHimlNtNi ill ill! 1 ' ..KHCES ? -aj 1 vi-9 r. !. i r- - KKiiiiMananB F " - -MO "ly ttPic&z yozrjve wojRzmisvrjpw AUl&HSUXiVV HW P rmu.oo mtrerrr ITH the lumber Jacks In many sections of tile United States tho winter Is tho busy scuson of the year, tho harvest time, ns It wore, and thoy work almost as energetically to "got out" the requisite number of logs during tho Interim of snow and Ice as does tho farmer to net In his EJijjjSfc' grain cro tho autumn rains sot U " In. Only, to bo euro, tho him. oormon are not menaced by qulto tho same uncer tainty as to weather conditions as Is tho farmer lu autumn, for In many of tho northern lumber camps k Is almost unheard of for n season to embody less than flvo months of sledding, that Ib, flvo months of continuous snow and Ico. In tho logging regions of tho Pacific Northwest, of dourse, whero may bo found perhaps tho Greatest of naturo's lumber store houses, tho winter does not mnko tho marked dlfferenco In condi tions thnt it doos In tho forests of somo other sections of tho coun try. in western Oregon nnd Washington thoro Is so little snow, nnd thnt of such a tran sient chnractor, that tho lumber men ennnot dopond upon It ns thoy do olsowboro to help them with their work. nut. on tho oth er hand, tho Pugot Sound 'and Columbia Hlvor country Is froo from that severe wenthor which renders It lmporatlvo for lumber Jncks clsowhoro to constantly havo a caro lest thoy sufTor from frostbitten hands and foot. Simi larly In the south, whero cypress is- king nnd whero much of tho logging is done In swnmpB, tho, winter pre scribes no chango oi method or equipment JL ZOG&WG ZOCQ7rottM?JUWZ CJB?W- & W 'A' j i -- fA fJ8if' fltfi rmenz jcarizmn? 23SMZJffl H WMjrWHfel. toy ! - r s WGjw KAH.' " raft -W. ilk J? i& mm m v&S w- ' flfwr mn mx ZZZ.. '-"" - nrti.J.,,- i v i tW -,o tt&jCoes&tfjirmn&z. 4 for thotwontiolh century logglnK crowB. In whnt w might torm tho traditional seutu of tho lumber Industry, howovor, wintor puts a very differ ent face on tho wholo matter of Rotting out the logs and transporting thorn to tho sawmills that transform them Into tho marketable form known to the average consumer. In Maine, In northern Now York and Canada, In Michigan, in Minnesota, Wisconsin nnd tho Dakotas tho summor is in one sense a vacation season for tho lumber Jacks. At least It Is an lntorludo of restricted activity and tho lumbermen, urillko somo other members of the community, welcomo tho passing of tho long, bright days and tho udvont of the Ico King. Tho explanation of this etato of affairs is found, of courso, In tho fact that snow and Ice afford tho material for tho ideal arteries of, com munication In tho lumbor regions. Tho fcllod troos may bo convoyed to market moro quickly aad moro economically ovor snow roads and Ico trails thnn by any other method known to tho Industry. Indeed, thoro aro lumbor regions whoro without theso factors and their Boquol, tho "big thaw" in tho spring It would bo virtually im practicable to got the timber to markot at an ex pense that would Justify operations. Tho snow and Ice, Importnnt as 1b their aid, aro not the only Influences that aro now tending to mnko tho lumbermen ooncontrato their activ ities In tho fall and winter. Of late years n con stantly Increasing number of our lumbormon havo been brought to see tho wlBdoin of adopting what is, known no conservative lumborlng that Is, lum bering which troatB a foreBtns a working capital whose purpose is to produce successive crops and which calls for work In tho woodB that will lenvo the standing trocB and young growth as nearly unharmed an passible. Well, tho inlnuto n man bccomoB a convert to conservative lumborlng ho is certain to become an advocate of tho cold son eon ns tho proper ttnio for carrying on nil the operations of lumborlng. To make this point clear it may bo polntod out that the difference between prncticnl work under ordinary methods of lumbering and undor con servative lumbering is principally In tho selection of tho trees to cut, In tho felling of these trcos, and In too ilret part of tholr Journey from the ptump to tho mil. It Ib an established fact that tho amount of harm done to a forest by tho cut ting depends considerably upon the season of tho yonr when tho work In tho woods Is carried on, Much lM damage will result to tho young growth and to tho trees left standing if tho lumbering Is dono after tbo growing season Ib over InBtoad of bolng allowed to go on In tho spring and summer whllo tho bark is loose and tho leaves and twigs nre ten dor. Moreover, If thore bo a hoavy blanket of snow on the ground, a troo, after It has been foiled with ax or saw, stands a chance of crashing to earth with less damngo than It would sustain nt nnothor season of tho year. Tho troo trunk that falls on a bed of snow is not likely to split or to break as would othorwlso bo tho cobo whon tho forest mon arch comos down on rocky, uneven ground. After all, however, it is In tho various stngeB of tho transportation of tho logs that tho snow and Ico yield tho greatest aid. First of all It sim plifies tho operation of skidding or drngglng the log lengths from tho doptho of the forest. This work wbb formerly dono by horses, mules or oxen, nnd is yet to some extent, but for tho most part tho modorn donkey englno has supplanted all other forms of energy for skidding. Supposedly tho skidding oporntion la designed only to got tho logs out of the forest doptho whore no log carrying Mchlclo could bo operated without Infinite trouble nnd damago to tho standing timber. How ever, when tho Snow King Is In command It some times hnpponB that a similar method may bo em ployed for moving tho logs to tho rollway or Btor ago yard, perhaps a mllo or two distant, whero tho logB nro held to await tho spring freshets or aro loaded aboard railroad enrs that convoy them to tho mills. For this long-distance log trailing there Is employed n moro poworful typo of englno than tho donkey nbovo referred to nnd a strongor wlro cablo Is supplied. Tho pathway for tho logs Ib an ley boulovard krfpt In condition by "flood ing" ns circumstances requlro nnd this becomes bo smooth from tho polishing process afforded by tho pnssago of tho logB that It Is practicable to transport at each operation not merely a single log but wholo "strings" of logs nttnehed end to end by moans of stout chains. At Bomo luiubor camps It Is tho practtco to qm ploy giant slods to carry the logs on tho first Btngo of tholr Journoy from tho forest to tho saw mill. Of courso snow Is r.oqulBlto to tho satis factory oporatlon of theso sleds, but whon n "path" has boon worn for tho sled runners along tho ley roadB tho vehicles traverso tho lino thus furrowed with a facility suggestlvo of that with which a locomotjvo glides along tho steel rails. Thoro is, of courBO, a minimum of resistance to tho progress of a sled along such a glazed surface and in many Instances log loads of almost Incred ible weight aro tluiB transported ovor tho glisten ing surface. A "now wrlnklo" that characterizes wintor practice in Borne of tho up-to-date logging districts consists of whnt might be denominated an Ico automobile for log carrying. Powerful traction engines have been used for some time pnBt on tho Pacific Coast to draw trains of log ladon trucks out of tho forest, but this new form of commercial motor vohlclo goes oven these marvelB one bettor. In principle, tho Ice auto mobllo is not very different from tho ordlnnry commercial motors which nro now employed for delivery work In every city. However, the self propelled adjunct of winter logging Ib provided with aharp tooth which it Blnks Into tho snow or ico ns it progresses, thus insuring steady prog ress with no slipping or sliding on tho smooth surfaces. But becnuso tho winter flndH tho lumber Jacks very busy In a tempernturo that ranges as low as 20 to 40 degrees bolow zero It must not bo sup posed that thoy do not find time and opportunity for plenty of fun In tho isolated camps where thoy spend tho season. A logging camp may be any where from flvo to twenty-flvo miles from the nearest store and postofllce, but tho "Jacks" are kept liberally supplied with fresh buttor, fresh meat, smoking nnd chewing tobacco, etc. A graphophono or phonograph Ib an almost Inevit able adjunct of tho isolated logging camp and the lumbermen manage In ono .way and' another to got records of tho latest song "hits" from time to time. Tho average logging camp has two main struc tures tho bunk house where tho loggors sleep in bunkB arranged In tiers, and the cook shanty whero tho food Is cooked and served. To call this eating hall a shanty is, however, something of a misnomer, slnco tho word is likoly to suggest a modest hut, whereas the cook shanty of nn up-to-dato logging camp must bo large enough to ac commodate a crudo dining tnblo perhaps 40 feet In length. The .cooking in a logging camp la usually dono by a man and wlfo (almost Invar iably Gorman), who hire out as professional cooks and who havo tho help of two mascullno assist ants. Thoy work over a range thnt Is 10 feet long and on top of which stands a coffoo urn that holds as much as a barrel; a meat boiler that holds 100 pounds of pork or beef, and a can In which there can bo boiled at ono tlmo moro thnn a bushel of potatooa. Bolow are tho ovens whero are baked somo 10 to 15 square feet of biscuits every day in somo campB heavy stonowaro Is provided for use on tho tnblo, but at a majority of logging cs tnbllshments each of the 50 to 150 men Is simply allowed a Bpoon. plato, and cup of tin and a knifo and fork of steel. PRAISE WORTH WHILE. "A society woman paid you a handsome com Pllment tho other dny, Mr. Drugsly." jJAh. indeed! May I ask who tho lady was?" Certain y.' It ,waB Mrs. Whooplndyko. Sho snld you sold tho best dog soap in town." EXTREMELY POLITE. "You ought to call on Dr. Pullcm, he's the best dentist In town." "Ono of thoso so-called painless' dentists oh?" "No; but ho always Bays, 'I beg your pardon' before pulling a tooth." ' REVENGE. Raymond Polncalro, tho new primo minister, Is one of tho most interest ing figures in tho French republic. la him aro combined all that ono under stands by French culture, dignity and charm of manner, added to a reputa tion of stern integrity that is nation wide. This Is tho third tlmo that tho French Academy has supplied tho third renubllc with a prime minister. Tho first was tho duke of Broglio In 1873, and tho second was M. de Frey clnet in 1890. Polncalro comes to power with rlpo Ideas on tho subject of 'government. Ho onco expressed the triple wish, which mny be taken as tho key to his attitude, that deputies would legis late without attempting to govern, that ministers would govern on their own responsibility and that Justico should know no politics. The new premier's versatility is to a considerable degreo a matter of family Influence, for his father, uncle, older brother and cousin havo all been distinguished in sclenco and literature and, ns was said by Lavisso whon Poincaire was introduced into tho academy, they might bo said to constltuto a Httlo family university all by themselves. In his private and domestic lifo, tho now premier is nnything but a recluse. He has a fine house near tho famous Bols do Boulogne, whoro ho entortalns largely, but his family, his friends, his books and his works of art occupy tho greatest placo in his affection and his attention. Ho does not miss many first night performances at tho theater. Ho is fond of racing. BIG LIFE INSURANCE POLICIES Tho lnrgest amount of llfo insur ance held by any woman in tho world is now carried by Mrs. Charles Netch ter, head of a Chicago department store. Mrs. Notchor has Just taken out a llfo insuranco policy for $200,000, which raises her total insurance to $1,200,000, moro than that of any other person in Chicago, it was announced. Mrs. Netcher has followed a plat form of her husband, who, when ho died in 1904, was Insured for $500,000. After tho death of her husband, Mrs. Netcher assumed control of tho storo and has conducted the business ovor slnco, building it up and con stantly increasing her holdings in real estate as tho profits from her busi ness increased. Sho soon beenmo what is known In insurance circles as "a good risk." When she decided to tako out largo policies on her llfo the various com panies extended to her the usual rights allowed business men. And, according to tho Chicago executivo rep resentative of ti big eastern company, who has written her insurance, it is uncommon for a woman to bo allowed tho same rights as a man in tho writing of large policies. "Women aro usually limited in the amount of insurance they aro allowed to take out," ho said. "However, wo regard Mrs. Netcher as an extraordinary business woman nnd ono who Is important enough to carry tho largest insur anco In Chicago." Mrs. Netcher's policies nro with three companies. All the policies are of tho straight life variety. As to the reasons for the Insurance, Mrs. Netcher says they are simple. Sho is tho head of a great business, she has many holdings, and besides sho has four children whom Bho loves. " WIFE OF LEADING SOCIALIST Tho Hon. Victor Berger of Milwau kco is the first Socialist in congress and his wlfo deserves attention as an educator and reformor. Slnco her ar rival in Washington, whon Mr. Berger took his seat in April, Bho has been busy studying social conditions at tho capital as if sho woro a member of the house committee for the District Sho visits tho schools and learns their needs, and many a Washington pupil will have her to thank for somo need ed improvement. In appearance, Mrs. Berger is a typical Gorman-American woman, of tho typo ono imagines in a comfortnble homo, busy superintend ing tho children and presiding over a breakfast table. Yet there Is another side to her character. She is an earn est reformer, who has taken such an actlvo part in political work in Mil waukee that sho has been elected a member of tho board of education, and has holped to put Into execution such ideaB as penny luncheons, toach- sanltatlon in tho schools, and giving girls lessons in dress-making and millinery. Most of tho children of tho public schools have to drop their studies at fourteen or slxtcon, In order to learn a trade; and Mrs. Berger be lieves that it should bo mado possible for them to complete later in llfo tho education which oarly work prevented. Boforo her marriage, she taught in tho Milwaukee Bchools, and Is, therefore, perfectly conversant with tho mat ters In which improvement Ib needed. Family Magazine. ABDUL HAMID STILL ALIVE Ofllclal (to barber condemnod to death) In an hour's tlmo now, my poor man, you must prepare for your doom. Havo you any last dying wish? Cond'imnod Tlnrbor (savagely) Yes. I'd Hko to shave tho crown prosecutor! London Opinion. Abdul Hamld is nllve! Tho former Bultnn Is in Salonlca and has not been Bocrotly conveyed to Constantinople. Thoso aro tho replies to two recent ly circulated reports which havo told of tho former sultan's demlso and of his having been spirited away during tho night to tho capital. Tho latter report was merely founded upon tho passago of n train full of munitions, concerning which qulto Bpoclnl precau tions wero taken. If you want to sot yourself a diffi cult tajk It is In going to Salonlca and trying thoro to find out somo de tails concerning tho physical condi tion and modo of llfo of tho doposod sultan, who for so many years waa tho political chess playor who kept tho diplomatists of Europo busy, nnd who was so skilled in tho gnmo that ho us ually saw 20 moves ahead, whllo tho ambassadors at Constantinople saw but two or threo. Abdul Hamld in bis confinement ns the prisoner of his peoplo Is enveloped in much tho same mystery as ho was in Yildiz Kiosk at Constantinople, and rumors and reports unlimited circulate concerning him most of them inventions, a very few approaching tho truth. iiw i i - s-afi