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ITH the lumber Jacks In many
sections of tile United States tho
winter Is tho busy scuson of the
year, tho harvest time, ns It
wore, and thoy work almost as
energetically to "got out" the
requisite number of logs during
tho Interim of snow and Ice as
does tho farmer to net In his
EJijjjSfc' grain cro tho autumn rains sot
U " In. Only, to bo euro, tho him.
oormon are not menaced by qulto tho same uncer
tainty as to weather conditions as Is tho farmer
lu autumn, for In many of tho northern lumber
camps k Is almost unheard of for
n season to embody less than flvo
months of sledding, that Ib, flvo
months of continuous snow and
Ico.
In tho logging regions of tho
Pacific Northwest, of dourse,
whero may bo found perhaps tho
Greatest of naturo's lumber store
houses, tho winter does not mnko
tho marked dlfferenco In condi
tions thnt it doos In tho forests of
somo other sections of tho coun
try. in western Oregon nnd
Washington thoro Is so little
snow, nnd thnt of such a tran
sient chnractor, that tho lumber
men ennnot dopond upon It ns
thoy do olsowboro to help them
with their work. nut. on tho oth
er hand, tho Pugot Sound 'and
Columbia Hlvor country Is froo
from that severe wenthor which
renders It lmporatlvo for lumber
Jncks clsowhoro to constantly
havo a caro lest thoy sufTor from
frostbitten hands and foot. Simi
larly In the south, whero cypress
is- king nnd whero much of tho
logging is done In
swnmpB, tho, winter pre
scribes no chango oi
method or equipment
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for thotwontiolh century logglnK crowB. In whnt w
might torm tho traditional seutu of tho lumber
Industry, howovor, wintor puts a very differ
ent face on tho wholo matter of Rotting out
the logs and transporting thorn to tho sawmills
that transform them Into tho marketable form
known to the average consumer. In Maine, In
northern Now York and Canada, In Michigan, in
Minnesota, Wisconsin nnd tho Dakotas tho summor
is in one sense a vacation season for tho lumber
Jacks. At least It Is an lntorludo of restricted
activity and tho lumbermen, urillko somo other
members of the community, welcomo tho passing
of tho long, bright days and tho udvont of the Ico
King. Tho explanation of this etato of affairs is
found, of courso, In tho fact that snow and Ice
afford tho material for tho ideal arteries of, com
munication In tho lumbor regions. Tho fcllod
troos may bo convoyed to market moro quickly
aad moro economically ovor snow roads and Ico
trails thnn by any other method known to tho
Industry. Indeed, thoro aro lumbor regions whoro
without theso factors and their Boquol, tho "big
thaw" in tho spring It would bo virtually im
practicable to got the timber to markot at an ex
pense that would Justify operations.
Tho snow and Ice, Importnnt as 1b their aid,
aro not the only Influences that aro now tending
to mnko tho lumbermen ooncontrato their activ
ities In tho fall and winter. Of late years n con
stantly Increasing number of our lumbormon havo
been brought to see tho wlBdoin of adopting what
is, known no conservative lumborlng that Is, lum
bering which troatB a foreBtns a working capital
whose purpose is to produce successive crops and
which calls for work In tho woodB that will lenvo
the standing trocB and young growth as nearly
unharmed an passible. Well, tho inlnuto n man
bccomoB a convert to conservative lumborlng ho
is certain to become an advocate of tho cold son
eon ns tho proper ttnio for carrying on nil the
operations of lumborlng.
To make this point clear it may bo polntod out
that the difference between prncticnl work under
ordinary methods of lumbering and undor con
servative lumbering is principally In tho selection
of tho trees to cut, In tho felling of these trcos,
and In too ilret part of tholr Journey from the
ptump to tho mil. It Ib an established fact that
tho amount of harm done to a forest by tho cut
ting depends considerably upon the season of tho
yonr when tho work In tho woods Is carried on,
Much lM damage will result to tho young growth
and to tho trees
left standing if
tho lumbering Is
dono after tbo
growing season Ib over
InBtoad of bolng allowed
to go on In tho spring
and summer whllo tho
bark is loose and tho
leaves and twigs nre ten
dor. Moreover, If thore
bo a hoavy blanket of
snow on the ground, a
troo, after It has been
foiled with ax or saw,
stands a chance of
crashing to earth with
less damngo than It
would sustain nt nnothor
season of tho year. Tho
troo trunk that falls on a
bed of snow is not likely
to split or to break as
would othorwlso bo tho cobo whon tho forest mon
arch comos down on rocky, uneven ground.
After all, however, it is In tho various stngeB
of tho transportation of tho logs that tho snow
and Ico yield tho greatest aid. First of all It sim
plifies tho operation of skidding or drngglng the
log lengths from tho doptho of the forest. This
work wbb formerly dono by horses, mules or
oxen, nnd is yet to some extent, but for tho most
part tho modorn donkey englno has supplanted all
other forms of energy for skidding. Supposedly
tho skidding oporntion la designed only to got
tho logs out of the forest doptho whore no log
carrying Mchlclo could bo operated without Infinite
trouble nnd damago to tho standing timber. How
ever, when tho Snow King Is In command It some
times hnpponB that a similar method may bo em
ployed for moving tho logs to tho rollway or Btor
ago yard, perhaps a mllo or two distant, whero
tho logB nro held to await tho spring freshets or
aro loaded aboard railroad enrs that convoy them
to tho mills. For this long-distance log trailing
there Is employed n moro poworful typo of englno
than tho donkey nbovo referred to nnd a strongor
wlro cablo Is supplied. Tho pathway for tho logs
Ib an ley boulovard krfpt In condition by "flood
ing" ns circumstances requlro nnd this becomes
bo smooth from tho polishing process afforded by
tho pnssago of tho logB that It Is practicable to
transport at each operation not merely a single
log but wholo "strings" of logs nttnehed end to
end by moans of stout chains.
At Bomo luiubor camps It Is tho practtco to qm
ploy giant slods to carry the logs on tho first
Btngo of tholr Journoy from tho forest to tho saw
mill. Of courso snow Is r.oqulBlto to tho satis
factory oporatlon of theso sleds, but whon n
"path" has boon worn for tho sled runners along
tho ley roadB tho vehicles traverso tho lino thus
furrowed with a facility suggestlvo of that with
which a locomotjvo glides along tho steel rails.
Thoro is, of courBO, a minimum of resistance to
tho progress of a sled along such a glazed surface
and in many Instances log loads of almost Incred
ible weight aro tluiB transported ovor tho glisten
ing surface. A "now wrlnklo" that characterizes
wintor practice in Borne of tho up-to-date logging
districts consists of whnt might be denominated
an Ico automobile for log carrying. Powerful
traction engines have been used for some time
pnBt on tho Pacific Coast to draw trains of log
ladon trucks out of tho forest, but this new form
of commercial motor vohlclo goes oven these
marvelB one bettor. In principle, tho Ice auto
mobllo is not very different from tho ordlnnry
commercial motors which nro now employed for
delivery work In every city. However, the self
propelled adjunct of winter logging Ib provided
with aharp tooth which it Blnks Into tho snow or
ico ns it progresses, thus insuring steady prog
ress with no slipping or sliding on tho smooth
surfaces.
But becnuso tho winter flndH tho lumber Jacks
very busy In a tempernturo that ranges as low
as 20 to 40 degrees bolow zero It must not bo sup
posed that thoy do not find time and opportunity
for plenty of fun In tho isolated camps where thoy
spend tho season. A logging camp may be any
where from flvo to twenty-flvo miles from the
nearest store and postofllce, but tho "Jacks" are
kept liberally supplied with fresh buttor, fresh
meat, smoking nnd chewing tobacco, etc. A
graphophono or phonograph Ib an almost Inevit
able adjunct of tho isolated logging camp and the
lumbermen manage In ono .way and' another to
got records of tho latest song "hits" from time to
time.
Tho average logging camp has two main struc
tures tho bunk house where tho loggors sleep in
bunkB arranged In tiers, and the cook shanty
whero tho food Is cooked and served. To call
this eating hall a shanty is, however, something
of a misnomer, slnco tho word is likoly to suggest
a modest hut, whereas the cook shanty of nn up-to-dato
logging camp must bo large enough to ac
commodate a crudo dining tnblo perhaps 40 feet
In length. The .cooking in a logging camp la
usually dono by a man and wlfo (almost Invar
iably Gorman), who hire out as professional cooks
and who havo tho help of two mascullno assist
ants. Thoy work over a range thnt Is 10 feet long
and on top of which stands a coffoo urn that holds
as much as a barrel; a meat boiler that holds 100
pounds of pork or beef, and a can In which there
can bo boiled at ono tlmo moro thnn a bushel of
potatooa. Bolow are tho ovens whero are baked
somo 10 to 15 square feet of biscuits every day
in somo campB heavy stonowaro Is provided for
use on tho tnblo, but at a majority of logging cs
tnbllshments each of the 50 to 150 men Is simply
allowed a Bpoon. plato, and cup of tin and a
knifo and fork of steel.
PRAISE WORTH WHILE.
"A society woman paid you a handsome com
Pllment tho other dny, Mr. Drugsly."
jJAh. indeed! May I ask who tho lady was?"
Certain y.' It ,waB Mrs. Whooplndyko. Sho
snld you sold tho best dog soap in town."
EXTREMELY POLITE.
"You ought to call on Dr. Pullcm, he's the
best dentist In town."
"Ono of thoso so-called painless' dentists oh?"
"No; but ho always Bays, 'I beg your pardon'
before pulling a tooth." '
REVENGE.
Raymond Polncalro, tho new primo
minister, Is one of tho most interest
ing figures in tho French republic. la
him aro combined all that ono under
stands by French culture, dignity and
charm of manner, added to a reputa
tion of stern integrity that is nation
wide. This Is tho third tlmo that tho
French Academy has supplied tho
third renubllc with a prime minister.
Tho first was tho duke of Broglio In
1873, and tho second was M. de Frey
clnet in 1890.
Polncalro comes to power with rlpo
Ideas on tho subject of 'government.
Ho onco expressed the triple wish,
which mny be taken as tho key to his
attitude, that deputies would legis
late without attempting to govern,
that ministers would govern on their
own responsibility and that Justico
should know no politics.
The new premier's versatility is to
a considerable degreo a matter of
family Influence, for his father, uncle, older brother and cousin havo all been
distinguished in sclenco and literature and, ns was said by Lavisso whon
Poincaire was introduced into tho academy, they might bo said to constltuto
a Httlo family university all by themselves.
In his private and domestic lifo, tho now premier is nnything but a
recluse. He has a fine house near tho famous Bols do Boulogne, whoro ho
entortalns largely, but his family, his friends, his books and his works of art
occupy tho greatest placo in his affection and his attention. Ho does not
miss many first night performances at tho theater. Ho is fond of racing.
BIG LIFE INSURANCE POLICIES
Tho lnrgest amount of llfo insur
ance held by any woman in tho world
is now carried by Mrs. Charles Netch
ter, head of a Chicago department
store.
Mrs. Notchor has Just taken out a
llfo insuranco policy for $200,000,
which raises her total insurance to
$1,200,000, moro than that of any other
person in Chicago, it was announced.
Mrs. Netcher has followed a plat
form of her husband, who, when ho
died in 1904, was Insured for $500,000.
After tho death of her husband,
Mrs. Netcher assumed control of tho
storo and has conducted the business
ovor slnco, building it up and con
stantly increasing her holdings in real
estate as tho profits from her busi
ness increased.
Sho soon beenmo what is known In
insurance circles as "a good risk."
When she decided to tako out largo
policies on her llfo the various com
panies extended to her the usual
rights allowed business men. And, according to tho Chicago executivo rep
resentative of ti big eastern company, who has written her insurance, it is
uncommon for a woman to bo allowed tho same rights as a man in tho
writing of large policies.
"Women aro usually limited in the amount of insurance they aro allowed
to take out," ho said. "However, wo regard Mrs. Netcher as an extraordinary
business woman nnd ono who Is important enough to carry tho largest insur
anco In Chicago."
Mrs. Netcher's policies nro with three companies. All the policies are of
tho straight life variety.
As to the reasons for the Insurance, Mrs. Netcher says they are simple.
Sho is tho head of a great business, she has many holdings, and besides sho
has four children whom Bho loves.
"
WIFE OF LEADING SOCIALIST
Tho Hon. Victor Berger of Milwau
kco is the first Socialist in congress
and his wlfo deserves attention as an
educator and reformor. Slnco her ar
rival in Washington, whon Mr. Berger
took his seat in April, Bho has been
busy studying social conditions at tho
capital as if sho woro a member of
the house committee for the District
Sho visits tho schools and learns their
needs, and many a Washington pupil
will have her to thank for somo need
ed improvement. In appearance, Mrs.
Berger is a typical Gorman-American
woman, of tho typo ono imagines in a
comfortnble homo, busy superintend
ing tho children and presiding over a
breakfast table. Yet there Is another
side to her character. She is an earn
est reformer, who has taken such an
actlvo part in political work in Mil
waukee that sho has been elected a
member of tho board of education,
and has holped to put Into execution
such ideaB as penny luncheons, toach-
sanltatlon in tho schools, and giving girls lessons in dress-making and
millinery. Most of tho children of tho public schools have to drop their
studies at fourteen or slxtcon, In order to learn a trade; and Mrs. Berger be
lieves that it should bo mado possible for them to complete later in llfo tho
education which oarly work prevented. Boforo her marriage, she taught in
tho Milwaukee Bchools, and Is, therefore, perfectly conversant with tho mat
ters In which improvement Ib needed. Family Magazine.
ABDUL HAMID STILL ALIVE
Ofllclal (to barber condemnod to death) In an
hour's tlmo now, my poor man, you must prepare
for your doom. Havo you any last dying wish?
Cond'imnod Tlnrbor (savagely) Yes. I'd Hko
to shave tho crown prosecutor! London Opinion.
Abdul Hamld is nllve! Tho former
Bultnn Is in Salonlca and has not been
Bocrotly conveyed to Constantinople.
Thoso aro tho replies to two recent
ly circulated reports which havo told
of tho former sultan's demlso and of
his having been spirited away during
tho night to tho capital. Tho latter
report was merely founded upon tho
passago of n train full of munitions,
concerning which qulto Bpoclnl precau
tions wero taken.
If you want to sot yourself a diffi
cult tajk It is In going to Salonlca
and trying thoro to find out somo de
tails concerning tho physical condi
tion and modo of llfo of tho doposod
sultan, who for so many years waa tho
political chess playor who kept tho
diplomatists of Europo busy, nnd who
was so skilled in tho gnmo that ho us
ually saw 20 moves ahead, whllo tho
ambassadors at Constantinople saw
but two or threo.
Abdul Hamld in bis confinement ns
the prisoner of his peoplo Is enveloped in much tho same mystery as ho was
in Yildiz Kiosk at Constantinople, and rumors and reports unlimited circulate
concerning him most of them inventions, a very few approaching tho truth.
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