NOTES zS?ro-
MfADOWBROOK
FARM
Corn la tho moBt rellskod by poultry
or all grains.
To make money Is tho chief objoct
or oroedlng jedlgrco hogs.
Systematic work Is required to rid
a poultry houso of mites or llco.
Tho feed and feeding, la tho first Im
portant polat In succossrul dairying.
One of tlio most successful nlceon
raisers feods his birds nothing but
wnoio corn.
Nover feed soured or tainted food of
nuy kind to' tho chicks, or to the old
fowls, either.
It takes a good manager to' mako
n profit of 52 por head each year from
a single pair of brcedors.
Tho sheep Industry cannot roach
perfection until overy mongrel dog In
tho land Is exterminated.
Thero Is ono rulo always to bo re
membered: Never mato birds that
are hatched In tho samo nest
It is best not to put Bawdust In tho
poultry houso, as It gathers too much,
moisture and caused dampness.
It Is a fact that tho dogs destroy
more sheep In somo certain states
than all tho diseases combined.
Keop sows and pigs away from fat
tening hogs, and glvo them feeds that
produco flesh and bone rather than
fat.
Thoroughly clean and whitewash
tho lnsldo of the hen houso and It will
bo lighter and cleaner during tho en
tire winter.
Cabbago Is ono of tho vory best
vegetables to feed to poultry, as it
keeps green a long time and tho chick
ens enjoy picking at It.
An egg, to belong to tho strictly
freshegg class, should not bo ovor
threo days old In summer weather,
nnd a week old during winter.
If a man allows his clilckons to roam
amid the mud and slush of tho yardH
In the fall, ho Is preparing tho way
for somo sick fowls this winter.
Ho who makes a success in tho
chicken business from tho start will
bo tho man who does things, not ho
who waits for a favorable opporunlty
Get rid of tho cockerels as rapidly
as thoy get largo enough and thus cut
off tho food bill and protect the others
of tho flock from these scrappy young
sters. If good, clean, sound grain In abun
dance, and a variety, with puro water,
grit oystor shell and meat In somo
form, will not produco eggs, nothing
elso will.
Only an expert is able to tell by
tho smell Just when tho cream Is right
for churning. It then has a clean,
sour tasto and smells llko nuts fresh
from tho woods.
Impure air, nB well ns dampness,
nre a dangor to any Hock. Separate
tho flocks in bunches of 25 or 50 and
feed them separately and they wl)l
mako much better gains.
Always mako the nest boxes easily
removable so thnt thoy may bo fro
"fluently takon out of tho houso and
cleanod, disinfected nnd treated for
the destruction of vermin.
. The dairy farmer who does not build
a silo usually has Somo reason which
is satisfactory to him. but ho cannot
longer uso tho excuso that Bllago has
ri detrimental effect on milk quality.
It is a mistake to discard a breed
on tho supposition that It Is not a
hardy one. Hardiness can be Instilled
in any breed by propor housing, prop
er food, propor attention, and syste
matic breeding.
Tho time of milk giving Is largely
Influenced by the period of gestation,
as usually the cows will bo ready to
dry up from six to four weeks boforo
calving, no matter how long she has
been giving milk.
Tho scales and a Dabcock tester,
when rightly used, will accurately de
termine whether any of your cows
aro "grafters" Just as surely as a pair
of farm scales will show the exact
yield of corn.
Tho old hen, tho carelessly Inbred
hen, tho mongrel wlthqut a well-bred
ancestry, keep the egg-production of
this country down to sevonty-flvo eggs
averago per year, A llttlo more caro
in feeding and breeding would double
this and doublo tho rovenue from the
poultry yurds of this country.
A lousy hen Is always a poor layer.
Mnko tho by-products or tho dairy
count
Corn will mako hens fat but It will
not mako them lay eggs.
Tho bettor bred tho horse Is, tho
more generally useful ho Is.
For fall feeding of dairy cattle "sweet
corn Is exceedingly valuable.
Tho separator needs to bo sot per
fectly, level on a solid foundation.
Tho feed bill of tho poultry ynrd
can bo cut In two it you know how.
Continued enro In handling tho
dairy products Is tho prlco of success.
Tho vaIuo of sllago as the cheapest
and best succulont for cattlo and bogs
Is fully established.
Regularity In fcoding nnd milking
will go a long ways towards making
dairy work successful.
AH- milk utensils should bo hoav
ily tinned and as freo from seams as
It is pqsslble (0 got them.
Many of tho irrcgularltlos in tho
health of tho farm stock can bo
traced to Injudicious feeding.
Woodpn pails rcndlly absorb milk
particles, making It almost Impossible
to keop them sweet and clean.
Tho hatchtng-egg trado and tho
raising of stick for breeders havo "as
sumed tho dignity of specialties.
It Is to tho poultryman's Interest
to keop his stock up to tho best type,
healthy and vigorous all tho time.
A cold Tain, fall or spring rain, will
chock tho milk flow as much as a
Bnow storm It tho cows are exposed.
It will bo noticed that though tho
prices of other farm Btock nre falling
off, the dairy cow utlll holds hor own.
In hot weather lico breed In pigeon
houses by tho million nnd extra caro
muBt bo taken to koep down tho veri
mln.
lints In a pigeon houso not only do
stroy tho young but their presence
frightens tho blrdB bo that they will
not thrive.
If ono has a, largo flock of sheep
much Umo will bo saved and better
results obtained by tho uso of tho
machine clippers.
Sheep aro extremely nervous and
when being fattened for market thoy
must bo quiet and freo from sudden
alarm which will cause excitement.
Pigeons hatched in March aro ma
tured and ready for breeding in July
and if tho surroundings aro congenial
will contlnuo to breed every month
thereafter. .
A young girl who raises about 100
Whlto Plymouth Rocks, always brings
overy bird In tho flock flying to hor
feet by a single particular cry sho
utters.
It Is as Impossible to estimate tho
productiveness and value of a cow as
it is to guess tho exact number ot
bushels ot corn a certain field will
yield.
While sheep will cat grain and any
kind of grass and some kinds of
weeds, they are, after all, dainty feed
ers and their feed must bo absolutely
clean.
There are soveral signs that lndl
cato good health a bright red comb,
nctlvity, readiness for food, and a
glossy and smooth appcaranco of tho.
feathers.
Fronch pigeon fanciers feed millet
with a slight mlxturo of homp sded,
and also very small peas soaked In
wator. Tho feeding 1b dono by hand
In many cases.
Tho Massachusetts experiment sta
tion says that Umo is an aid to good
farming but cannot tako tho place of
fertilizers, stable manuro, thorough
cultivation and proper crop rotation.
A smnll flock of shoop in addition
to furnishing excellent profit and
keeping down weeds, furnishes tho
most practical meat supply for tho
farmer, especially during tho summer.
Every colt should bo taught a fast
walking gait. TIiIb can ho done by
gently pushing him whllo walking
but ho should nover bo urged too
long at a Umo beforo changing his
gait.
If wo feed and care for sheep we
aro fattening as thoy should bo cared
for to mako tho most profit from this
mutton, wo also supply tho very best
conditions to produce the best wool
lu tho combing class.
To tho up-to-dato and progressive
dairyman and to tho most advanced
cattlo feeders, tbo uso of tho silo and
the feeding of ensilage is recognized
ns being necessary to tho greatest suc
cess in their respcctlvo lines of busi
ness. Tho farmer ought to bo able to nro.
duco eggs at a feed cost of about
eliiht cents a dozen. To do this lm
must keep tho hens which will mako
tho best snowing, instoad of a lot ot
mongrels of no breeding and without
laying capacity.
VALUABLE EXPERIMENTS WITH
SHEEP AT MINNESOTA STATION
Pastures Grown So That. If Possible, Some Varioty Would
Always Be in Season Remarkable Results Achieved
by Keeping Land Working-Soil Was a
Sandy Loam.
4 BRagE&Kk HSnSHeDeHR4 1
A Profitable Flock.
In experimental work in growing
pasture for sheep at tho Minnesota
Experiment Station about 100 sheep
and lambs woro pastured on 10 acres
of land from May 1 to Novcmbor 1.
Almost two-thirds of tho entire num
ber were uhoep and one-third lambB.
In addition to tho pasturo a fraction
over 10 tons of fodd6r and ovor 10
tons of green food woro taken from
tho samo land. Nenrly as much food
wns takon from tho pasturo tho prev
ious year, says tho Agriculturist. On
a single ncre six snoop and 10 lambs
woro pastured five months. Tho land
waB a sandy loam, not halt ns good as
tho avorago soil In Minnesota. It was
not high In fertility, having boon fer
tilized only ouco with farmyard ma
nuro during tho bIx previous years, al
though cropped every year. Tho so
crot of this wonderful return lay in
kcoplng tho land at work.
Two and ono-hnlf ncros of land
woro kept In grass. On this tho sheep
wero grazed when tho woathor was
wot and whon othor pasturo wan not
rendy. Tho pastures woro grown so
that, It possible, somo variety would
always bo In season. MoVablo hurdles'
woro used to Incloso tho plat or plats
that woro being benten down. Tho
shcop woro grazed on theso In tho
forenoon nnd In tho afternoon, nnd
woro glvon tho freodom of tho shod
nnd of tho adjoining ynrd In tho mid
dle of tho day and also at night.
Tho foods grown that proved roost
useful wero winter rye, oats and bar
ley sown togctbor, corn, sorghum, rape
COVERING FOR
A FARM WELL
Practical arid Economical Method
For Keeplnu Out Leaves,
Dust and Undesir
able Things.
Hero Is a skotch of how I covor my
well on Rlchwood farm, Bays a writer
In tho Farm and Homo. Tho 18-Inch
tllo makes a most excellent curb.
Then a lid cut out ot bollor Iron to
Just fit within tho flan go of th'o tllo
will keop out all leaves, dust and
othor undesirable things. A handlo
can bo placod on tho upper sldo of
tho lid, and n hook on tho underside
on which to hang' tho bucket and ropo
will mnko a most comploto arrange
ment If your woll Is lri tho branch or
creek bottom and tho floods got ovor
It thoy cannot damage It, for tho wa
ter cannot got under the lid to raise
it. I fixed ono In tho bed of a crock
Well Curb and Cover.
10 years ago and tbo floods have been
ovor It many times, yot whon a dry
spell comos and tho owner is com
pelled to resort to well water, ho
cleans tho sand from nround tho lid,
prlea It up and goes to drawing water.
Every othor device to keep a well In
tho bottom of tho creek bed has
failed.
Around tho barn lot and for a stock
woll thoro are no boards or timbers
to rot and let tho stock fall Into the
well, nor to harbor ratB and snakes.
A well drawn In nnd covorcd In this
manner seldom froczes ovor In wlntor
nnd tho water is kept coolor In Bum
mer thnn In an opon well or one ovor
which only boards a laid.
Managing Ducks.
In managing ducks for market It has
been found highly desirable to empha
size cleanliness, puro drinking wntor,
good ventilation nnd to provide amplo
feed consisting of threo parts corn
meal, two of brun and ono ot meat
meal or beef scrap, In two to four
weeks this ration and way of manag
ing has always provod satisfactory In
fattening tho birds.
WCkb
and cnbbago. Ot these winter ry
was first In season and was tho only"
variety that furnished early pasturo!
Rapo provided pasture for a longo
period thnn any of tho other plants,
and, taking It all In all, proved the
most valuable plant Rut tho groatest
amount ot pasturo por aero was ob
talnod from cabbago.
Rye, as statod above, was first In
season. As soon as It ceased to pro
vldo pasturo abundantly, tho land was
plowed and sown with corn, Borghum'
or rape, and In somo instances It was
sown again In tho early nutumn with
tho wlntor ryo after ono or tho othor
of those crops had boon grazed down.
As soon bb tho ryo pasturo was gono
tho oats and barloy woro ready, and
whon eaten down this crop Was fol
lowed at onco with corn or rape. In
somo Instances oats nnd pens woro
sown nnd with satisfactory results.
Sorghum was usually followed by win;
tor ryo. Corn wns sown at any tlmo;
occasion offered nftor tho weather had
becomo sufficiently wnrm. Rapo was
also sown any tlmo from tho opening
of spring until tho mlddlo of July. It;
wns tho chiof rellaan'co for fall pas
turo and cnbbago was tho last food
grazed down.
Producing Winter Eggs.
Tho chief essentials for tho produc
tion of winter eggs, nro pullots, that
havo had tho best of caro from tho
very beginning, nnd havo been pushod
from tho tlmo of hatching until thoy
are fully developed. .
CEMENT FLOOR
IS SUPERIOR
Not Only Practicable but Will Re
turn Blur Profits In Savins;
Manure How to
Build One.
In rcsponBo to a quory regarding a
cement floor for saving manure, Mr.
S. S. Staloy of Ohio, makes tho follow
ing reply in tho Breeder's Gazette.
Rullctln No. 183 of tho Ohio Experi
ment Station says that tho saving of
manuro from C8 hoad of cattlo, 28 on
hnrd earth floor and 24 on ccmont
floor, was 150 moro on tho comont
than on tho earth floor. It Is stated
also that half tho cost of tho comont
floor was saved In six months' feeding.
So one sees it Is not only practlcablo
but will pay big returns In saving ma-
nuro, to say nothing of having tho cat
tlo wading kneo-dcop In tho mud.
A concrete yard floor can bo put
down directly on tho earth, after,
scraping off tbo top-soil until a hard'
lovol floor Is obtained; but It Is best
to excavate 10 or 12 Inches and fill
In with 6 or 8 Inches ot gravel or cln-'
dors, so that water will not stand un
der tho concroto and cnuso It to heavo'
by froBt. A curb or wall of concroto
18 Inches deep should be built all
nround to keep out rats, and also from
being undermined by hog wallows,'
For cattlo tho floor had best bo G
Inches thick nnd for tho hog floor 41
Inches. A mixture of 1 comont, 2 aand
and 4 parts of crushed stoho passing
through an inch tnach, will mako a
good floor. If pit or creek gravel Is
used, which has about that proportion
of sand and gravel, our custom hero
Is to uso ono barrel (4 sacks) to ono
yard of gravel. All this work can be
dono by tho farm help, if somo ouo
with somo knowlodgo or oxporlenco
can bo had to superintend It.
Raising Calves.
Tho futuro usefulness ot the cow
depends a groat deal upon how tho
cult Is brought up during tho first
year. It should havo plenty ot water
and salt presented lu clean vessels,
sudden changes of diet avoided and
regularity of feeding practiced. Warm,'
dry quarters aro nocessary If tho
weather Is damp. Plonty of roughago
should bo fod and not too much grain,
for then a largo capacity for handling
food, so dosirnble In dairy animals,
will bo developed. Whon six months
old milk should bo omlttod from tho
culf'H. ration and a full roughago and
grain diet substituted.
j
Separating Milk.
Tho host tlmo to separato milk 1b
lmmodlatoly after it is drawn from
tho cow, boforo it gets cold.
CODLING MOTH DESTRUCTIVE
INSECT IN APPLE ORCHARDS
With Possible Exception ot Snn Jose Scale it Causes Mere
Damage Than Any Other Pest Everything Should
be Gottea la Readiness for First Spraying
in the Spring.
(By J. II 11UC1C, VlrKlnta.)
, With tho posslblo exception of the
Snn Joso scnlo tho codling moth Is the
most destructive insect with which
our orchnrdl8tB havo to contond.
Theso worm pests, which lonvo the
apples In Into summer and fall, hide
and spin cocoons under bark Bcnlos,
In rubbish about .trees, in decayed
places on tho treo, and about apple
bins and storngo houses, In theso
cocoons thoy pass tho wlntor.
In tho spring, ns tho days begin to
got wnrm, tho worm changes to a
"pupa" lnsldo tho cocoon and soon
tho pupa changes to a moth, which
spllta tho caso nnd crawls out
It Booms quite generally true that
tho tomporaturo conditions governing
tho blooming of applo trees also oo
elision tho nppoarnnco of tho moths
In tho spring. This habit ot tho moth
furnishes tho vory best opportunity
of combating It. After tho petals foil
from tho bloom, for n period of n
wook or' ton dayB, tho calyx cavity
remains moro or loss open, and U10
young npplcs moro or loss upright.
As 70 por cent, or moro ot these
first worms ontor tho young apples at
tho calyx, or "blossom end," this fur
nishes an excellent opportunity for
filling tho calyx cups with poisonous
spray, bo that when tho young worms
endeavor to cat their way into tho
applo thoy nro killed by tho poison.
This first" application of spray
should bo mado lnsldo of a week otter
tho petals fnll from tho bloom.
Everything should bo gotten In
rcndlnoss for this first Bpraylng, for It
Is certainly tho most Important ot all
tho sprayings, It bolng posslblo to kill
ovor 95 per cont. of tho worms by ono
thorough application of nrsonato ot
lead at this time. A second nppllca
Entllre Crop of Seven Black Twig
'Trees Sprayed Six Times. Sound, 1032
Apples In Pile on Left; Scabby, 93 In
Pile on Right.
tlon ot spray should bo mado two to
threo wcckB later, to supplomont tho
first.
Either Paris green or arsenate of
lead can bo applied in Bordeaux mlx
turo. Tho nrsonato of load can bo
MISTAKES IN
HOG FEEDING
Kansas Station Enumerates Six
teen "Errors That Are Quite
Commonly Made in
Swine.
'(By J. U STANTON, Kniwas' Station.)
It Is a mistake for ono inoxperl
encod to undortako tho feeding of
hogs unless ho oxpocts to make a
study of It and improve upon his mis
takes. It is a mlstako for tbo city farmer
living in town to trust his hogs to
tho avorago hlrod man. Ho Is not
likely to mnko a success of It.
It Is a mistnko to try to raise hogs
on an oxcIubIvo dlot You ask what
kind of feed to glvo them? What kind
of feed can be .produced on your farm
In your locality? Qlvo them plonty ot
that In variety. Theso feeds should
bo given In such relation to each
other as to meet tho varied needs ot
tho swino system.
It is a mistake to forgot that the
hog is n grazing animal.
It la a mlstako If tho "hog ,1s not
fed in a clean placo freo from dust
and mud.
It la a mlstako to ovorfced or underfeed.
SHOAT FEEDING EXPERIMENT
Tho New Hampshlro Experiment
Station roports useful experiments in
feeding shonts. Fifteen of tho alioats
woro divided into five lots and fed for
35 days. Thoso fod on soaked sholled
corn showed u gain of 82.2 pounds, at
a cost ot 7.3 cents por pound; on shol
led corn nnd skim milk a gain of 141
pounds, at a cost ot 7.4 cents per pou
nd; on shollod corn and middlings, n
gain of 09 pounds, nt a cost of 8.9 ce
nts per pound; on shelled corn, mid
appllod simply in 'water, without any
dangor to fruit or foliago. Paris
green can also be appllod in water,
but unless used In Bordeaux, 2 pounds
ot Iituo should bo slakod aad .added
to oach GO gallons ot Hp ray to pre
vent posslblo damage to fruit aad
follago. i v
Six to eight ounces of Parle green
should bo used to each .GO gallons eC
spray. In using arsenate, of lead 2
pounds to 60 gallona of spray, In mist
Bprays, has given us tho best results.
In mist sprays about 3 gallons were
sprayed on each treo (nino-year-old
trees ot fair slzo). Somo trees were
ton to twelve years old. One and one'
fourth pounds ot arsenato of load
gave splondld results In drench
Bprays with high pressure. In drench
Entire Crop of Eight Black Twig
Trees, Not Sprayed. Sound, 49 ApplM
on Left; Scabby, 1030 In Pile en.
night.
spray 5 to G gallona were sprayed oq
each treo, which would make about
tho samo amount ot poison as lu thq
mist spray.
Arsenato of lead- has proven su
perior to Paris green in all the tests.
It costs moro, but tho extra saving ol
fruit will mako up the difference la
cost. Doth Paris green and arsenaU
of lead, whon thoroughly appllod, vll
produco a high per cent, ot clean
fruit.
Itcsulta ot careful teats show thai
ovor 9D por cent, ot worm-free fruit
Is possible on tho picked apples by
spraying with arsenate ot load, and
over 9816 por cont, counting all the
apples that drop during tho summer
Tho mist sprays with Paris green, 8
ouncoB to GO gallons, produced as high
ns 9GV1 per cont. ot clean fruit on 'the
plclcqd apples, nnd 95, por cent., count
lng tho droppod apples.
In using etthor poison tho utmost
caro should bo takon to have the
exact amount desired. Etthor poison
should bo thoroughly mlxod In llttlfl
wator beforo putting In tho spray
barrol or tank. A good brand ot nr.
senate ot lead should bo used, and
there nro many good brands,
It Is a mlstako not to feed the,
liquid boforo tho solid food.
It Is a mlstako to feed constipating
food and do nothing to correct it.
It is a mlstako to toed breeding
stuff ae If you wore fitting It for ths
market,
It Is a mistake to foed all sizes to
gether whonovor tho smaller ones aro
at a disadvantage '
It Is a mlstako not to provide the
hord with comfortablo quarters at afl
times. Failure In this will impair the
usefulness of tho feed.
It Is a mlstako not to grow the pigs
rapidly from birth to market They
should gain overy pound possible on
theway.
It Is a mlstako to feed the brood
bow corn before farrowing time. She
Bhould have cooling and laxative food.'
It is a mlstako to food her heavily
for some days after farrowing,
It Is a mistake to feed the pigs
sour milk when they are learning to
eat
It is a mistake to fall to feed pigs
bono and musclo making material dur
ing their growth. '
Feeding Calves.
Wo know an Indiana farmer who
choked two flno calves to doath by
feeding them dry oats boforo he made
up his mind his youngsters would
do bettor on something else.
dlings nnd skim milk a gain ot 129 pc
undfl, at n cost of 8.2 cents por pound j
nnd on sholled corn, corn, middlings a
nd molasses a gain of 104.8 pounds, at
a cost of 8.80 cents per pound.
Preventing Sickness.
It you will attend to tho feed prob
lem nud drinking water nnd keep,
promises clean and uso the copper
sulphato and opsom salts, you will not
havo any slcltnoss In your flock.