.1 '
: ii
-1
J
I'
I
'it
FARM
111
Puro wntor is essential.
Mulos nro easily raised.
Weeds and strawberries are Incotn
patlblcs. Starter for butter may bo propa
gated from day to day.
Do not be stingy in tho use ot
clean straw for bedding.
The slicop is moro at home on tho
open prairie than aiming the fences.
Remove tho socda from the pump
kins before reeding them to tho cat
tle. Where butter has not tho natural
yollow color, it is well to use coloring
matter.
The best time to cat tho tails as
well as castrnto Is whoa tho lamb Is
a week old.
Cull out tho hens carefully, and do
not keep more than-you .have room
and feed for.
Slicop return to tlwt coll 80 per cent.
ot tenuity ot rood eaten, Hiiccp ma
nuroTs valunblo.
A great deal more money is usually
cpont in wintering taw work horses
than Is necessary.
Whole grain makes best teed for
sheep. Cleanllnottf.. puro water and
salt nro n necessity.
If tho pig Is stinted In Its food nt
any stage of Its life, it can novor be
come a perfoct pork-producer.
Ab now oats como In, glv.o tho cows
somo ot them each morning and oven
ing cut green ns a Boiling crop.
It pays to maintain n heavy flow ot
milk, even It expensive feeds muat be
given tho cows at certain seasons,
t Stock beetB planted on rich soil in
drills and well cultivated ofton yield
from twonty to forty tons per acre.
Use clover and alfalfa hay, supple
mentcd with roots or ensllago tor
succulence, if you want an excellent
ration,
Corn that yields well In one locality
will ofton mako an entlro failure In
another locality whore conditions nro
different.
Probably the poultry plant on tho
average farm Is usually tho poorest
equipped and poorest planned depart
ment on It,
Ilcmombcr whon you plow In tho
orchurd thqt tho roots aro very near
tho surface. Three Inches Is plenty
deop enough,
i Many nn animal noIdv for a high prlco
because of Its pedlgrco, should go to
the butcher's pen Instead ot at tho
head of a herd.
, If ewe's udder Is' hard or show ton
doney ,(o garget, uso unsnltcd lard
give It vigorous rubbing and glvo ant
inal good doso of salts.
The naturo nud conditions ot tho
Boil in which tomatoos aro grown has
much to do with tho slzo of the crop
and health of tho plants,
A patch of rye sown now will bo
found of Rreat heln to tho owes. In
tho spring, and especially so If rais
ing lambs for the market.
In feeding oat straw nnd corn sto
ver In tho morning your sheep will
taUo moro exorcise looking for moro
food to satisfy Its nppotlto.
if.vorythlng about the poultry quar
ters should bo cot-at-ablo. with no III
agree, cracks or crannies, and with as
little furnlturo as may be In the poul
try houses.
Young colts that aro put In the stall
nnd given all the hay they will eat
soon becoroo pot-bellied, their hntr
grows longer nnd harsher and some
of :t Btands tho wrong way.
Usually It Is not ndvlsablo to pas
turo new needing, but often weeds can
bo destroyed by giving sheep tho run
of tho fields for a few dnys without
material Injury to tho soodlng,
Whoro thore Is an abundance ot
good well-cured alfalfa hay, it is al
most Imposslblo to select n conccn
trnto to go with It that would not
make an ncqcptablo rntlou to tho cow,
mi. fnll o ft nr nil rt (lm nmilAn
plants havo boon killed, Is tho best
tlmo to clean up tho trash In tho
garden and burn It to prevent Insects
from spending the winter In It and
00 rOUUJ iu 1" VM&B UVAk JUUl,
Look tint for draughts.
Plant legumes In rotation..
Hoots should bo cut or sliced before
feeding.
When marketing iambs leave the
culls on tho farm.
Sheen moro than any other stock
relish a change of pasture
Thorb is nov danger of tho produc
tion of hogs being overdone,
Ab tho sheep bites close, they will
cat down weeds to the roots.
In order to havo good sized sbeop
grow them rapidly wlillo young.
Clover or alfalfa seom to contain
Just what tho dainty cow. needs.
Tho total vnluo of farnf property In
tho United States is JI0.O0O.UU0.OUU.
Alslko clover seed cannot bo sepa-
rated from timothy bocauso of Us
size. ,
Cool tho new cream to the same
temperature ns tho old cream boforo
mixing.
Always If possible removo tho sow
from tho pigs nnd not tho pigs from
the sow.
For draft work tho rauto Is valued
hlghor than the average horse, in
nearly every Instance.
Farmers who are going to feed live
stock through tho winter should try
to have tho best possible
RtitabaKtis aro very satisfactory
root crop for winter, yielding as high
ns 15 tons to tho aoro at times.
It necessary to assist tho owo' In
delivering, uso vasellno on your hand.i
before commencing tho operation.
Woven wire Is used n groat deal for
re-enforcing concreto and in boiuo
cases old barbed wlro is also used.
Watch out for ticks on tho ewes, It
does not pay to rnlso them and you
bettor watch out for them. It pays.
Farmers will soon be feeding now
hay and now grain. Change from tho
old to the new should bo. mndo grad
ually.
Many farmers mako a practlco ot
turning lambB into trio corn .field in
the early fall to gather up all the
weeds.
Tho proper treatment of barb wlro
cuts on horses will mean fewer blem
ishes nnd less scrlbus consoquoucc3
generally, "
In feeding fattened stock and dairy
cows, galnand profit como in propor
tion to tho'amount of food tho animals,
put to use.
A small quantity of linseed meal fed
in tho milk will balance up tho ra
tion and rnnko it prnctically'ns good
as tho wholo milk.
Sheep-farming has been practiced
slnco tho earliest times, and Is ono of.
the most profitable branches of tho
llvo stock Industry.
Colts and young horses should havo
bono and musclo producing - feeds In.
their rations, such as clovor or alfalfa,
hay, bran ,and oats.
It Is vory necessary that an animal
used for breeding purposes should bnvo
n good pedlgreo, yot It is not always
nn indication ot Its value
A dairyman who has a good herd of
cows will do well to carefully exnm-i
tne tho nowcomerB in tho barn and
thus avoid introducing some dls4
ease. .
Alfalfa Is a very good feed for,
horsos provided It Is fed properly, al
though It Is not considered as valuablo
for road horses as for working
horsos.
Experiments havo shown that stub
bio burning not only decreases tho
amount of humus returned to the soil,
but also accelerates the exhaustion of
that already present In. it.
In hogging down corn, fence oft
only a limited area at a time, as the
hogs will cat more of tho stalks and
other herbago on tho ground, nnd
they will not waste as much of the
gruln.
Many farmers In tho corn belt sow
rapo with the grain to furnish addi
tional feed slnco this affords nn
abundance of succulent forngo lato In
the season up to tho tlmo ot severo
frosts.
If a big bunch ot young pigs la al
lowed to sleep together In cramped
quarters, In cold' weather, thoy will
pile up, and tho under pigs will suf
fer. Easy to separato them into lota
of eight or ten ench.
TiitinrmilnRlR In llvn uinir la .1. A
samo thing as consumption in human!
bolngs. There nro many ways of
spreading It, hut tho easiest way nnd
tho most common Is through the drop
pings of diseased animals.
A bow pig, farrowing at. one year
old, will, it sho nnd her offspring pro
duco tho average number ot animals,
round up a herd of COO at tho end of
tho fourth yearprovldod thoro are
no slips, no death, bo runts.
MM
1 r '
GOOD QUALITIES OF CAPONS
Although Industry Is Growing Rapidly
Supply Does Not Begin to
Equal the Demand,
(By It. n. SLOCUM.)
A eapon la a mnlo chicken boarlnn.
tho name relation to n cockerel that n
steer does to a bull, a barrow td a,
boar or a wether to a ram. As with
othor animals of this kind, the depo
sition ot tho capon differs materially
Diagram Showing Where Incision
Should Be Made Between Last Two
Rlbt.
from that of tho cockcrot. lie no
longer showB any disposition to tight,
U much more quiet nnd Is easy to
keep within bounds. Tho true capon
novcr crows. Along with this change
In disposition thoro la a chango lu
appearance. The comb and wattles
cease growing, which causes the head
to appear small. Tne nacKor nna sna
dlo feathers dovolop boauttfully. In
deed, theso feathers and tho undevel
oped comb and wattlos servo to Idcn
tlfy tho capon and. In consequence
should never be removed when tho
bird Is dressed for tho market.
As u rosult of tho more peaceful
disposition, tho - capon continues to
grow nnd his body dovelops moro uni
formly nnd to n somowhat greater
slzo than Is tho case with the cock
ercl of tho samo ngo. For n tlmo the
cockorol and tho capon mako about
equal dovclopmont, but In a short
tlmo tho capon outstrips tho cockerel
In growth.
As thoV do not fight nor worry one
nnothor, a largo flock of capons may
bo kept together. Coupled with the
bettor growth is tho fact that the
capon brings a better prlco per pound
CockerelB up to 5 months old usual
ly bring from 12 to 1? ocntn a pound i
It hold longer thun HUb thoy aiq
clnsscd ns old cocks nnd do not bring
more than 6 to 12 centc a pound.
There nro two roosonB, then, whj
It Is better to chponlzo surplus cook
erels than to rnlso. them for market
ns such: (1) Thoro in an lncrcust
In wolght, and (2) tho prlco pel
pound Is materially Increased.
Yot n many localities whoro cspo
daily flno poultry Is raised, whIU
capons usuully soil for a Bomewhat
bettor price tho difference Is nol
great. In fact, for tho Boston market
many capons aro picked clean and,
Bpld as "South Shoro roosters." Hence
it will bo seen that tho profit in
caponB must dopond to a great extent
upon local conditions.
In selecting tho breed best suited
for caponlzlng, spvoral factors must be
taken Into consideration. Large
capons bring the best prlcoa. Conse
quently tho breed should bo largo-
It docs not pay to caponlr.o small
fowls. Yellow legs and Hkn, as In
other classes ot poultry, aro most
popular.
Tho Plymouth RockB, Light Ilrah
inns, Cochins, Indian Games, Lang-
shanB and Wynndottcs nro all rocom
mended by different producers, ob are
also various crosses of theso. The
Rrahmas and Cochins possess good
size. 13y somo tho Drahmas nre
claimed to bo difficult to oporate
upon; by others this is dentod, The
Plymouth Rocks and Wynndottcs are
somowhut smaller, but soli readily
and possesn tho ndvantngo of yellow
skin and logs. Tho Langshan Is large
and 1b easily opcratod upon. Tho In
dlan Game 1b probably tho most use
ful as a cross upon somo one of the
Method of Securing Fowl; Alsc
Spreader In Place.
other breeds, thereby Improving the
breast ment without materially re
ducing the size of tho fowl. In Maa
sachusetts tho Hrahraa was formerly
tho most popular breed for this pur
pose, becnuse of the demand for iarg
birds for roasters. Later, crosses bo
tweeu the Light Drahmn and th
Barred or Whlto Plymouth Rock bo
camo qulto popular, wlillo nt present
the puro Barred and White Plymouth
Rocks aro also considered suitable
and are widely used.
Prevents Indlaestlon.
Charcoal Is very offoctlvo in pro
vontlnK iudlgostlon. which Is a com
mon ailment amouK poultry of nil
kinds and of all ogos, and as la very
well known uy nu wno aro in tho bus!
ncss, Indigestion Is qno ot tho foro
runnbrs of poultry diseases.
CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE
TANK FOR STORING MANURE
. ,
Detailed Instructions Given for Making Suitable Receptacle
on Farm Wkere Six Horses are Kept Meat
Satisfactory Bottom Is Clay Tank and
Section tC Wall Shown.
Wo glvo n plan of concrete ma
euro tank, and also n section through
ono of tho retaining walls, writes
Oeorgo F. Weston in tho Country Gen
tleman, In response to a query. This
la deslgnod to tako care of tho manure
from six horsos on a farm. Slnco
nothing Is said about any neighboring
resldonco or dairy, wo havo not con
sidered it ndvlsablo for so small a sur
plus ns la likely to accumulate from
this number ot bond to suggest going
BvrrMu
9;o'
1
. i
i
a. El
c-
to"--
-I
Plan of Concreto Manure Tank.
to tho expense of roofing over or
screening from flies. Tho proportions
or area aro to bo modified to moot
tho Bpoclal demands ot tho farm.
r It Is expected that tho usual custom
will bo followed ot hauling direct to
tho field, and that tho tank Is used
simply for storage during bad woathor
or proas of othor wrk. Allowing that
tho manuro Is removed from tho stalls
In a wheelbarrow, a thrco-foot en
trance for Bauio Is shown, which Bhould
bo located nt tho most convonlent cor
ner. Tho longest diameter should bo in
tho same direction or pnrallo with the
most conVcnlont road for tho teams
to travel, and each comer Bhould bo
protected from tho wheolB by sinking
a conveniently shaped stono In tho
ground at points of probablo contact.
As economy Is Inststod on, dlngonnl
corners are shown, but tho general ap
poaranco bf tho tank will bo lmprovod
by rounded corners, nt nn Increased
labor cost for making tho forms, If
tho horso stnlls havo dralnago tor
urine, this can profitably bo condudod
to a small concreto cistern built JuBt
inuldo the wall of tank, entirely below
grado, and cqvorod with Blotted plank,
..soils to also drain Jtoih manuro The
contentB can then bo pumped over the
manure,' should It appear to bo.hc.it
lng unduly. With this wo should ad-
BACTERIA ON
ROOTS OF CORN
Supply SutYlclont Nitrogen to
Serve Abundantly Their
PurpoBCo Wlion Soil
Ib Exhausted.
(Ily WALTON U. LEUTZ.)
How tho clover noted ns a fertilizer
was not known until about ilftoon
years ngo. Slnco that tlmo our
knowledge upon tho BUbJoct has vory
considerably Increased and ovory year
now something moro Is.lonrnod.
Leguminous nnd pod-bunrlng plants
unaided havo no more ability to help
themselves to tho nitrogen of tho air
under any circumstances than havo
other greon plants.
Cortnlnly bacteria existing in tho
,soil ponotrntcs tho soft tissues of
young roots of legumes and mutllply
within thoso lively tlssuos so ns t
form a llttla mass of golatlnous sub
stance. Responding to tho Irritation
produced tho plant builds n nodular
Btructuro about tho bacterial Invaders,
not unllko the formation ot a gall
consequent upon tho sting of nn In
sect. Numerous nodules may bo formed
on the roots of ono plant nnd thoy
havo characteristics peculiar to tho
species of plant on which thoy occuc
In somo wny not wall understood
these plants with nodules or tuberclos
nro capable of getting Hufflclont nitro
gen from tho nlr to sorvo nbundantly
their purposes whon tho soil has no
BiippIIoH, .and when other plants must
dlo from tho want or It.
lCIthor tho bactorla aro tho dlroct ,
agents In tho process or thoy aid tho
t.lant itself to do what, without such
aid, It cannot do. May there leg
umos organisms or somo of them be
mado to form tubercles or othci
plants for tnstnnt maize? Hero Is a
matter of tho grentoHt moment. Un
doubtedly they havo somo times In'
tho past become adapted to legumi
nous vegetation. Thcro Is nothing to
prevent corn from gathering tubercles,
We know now that corn can bo
very decidedly modllled In Its chem
ical .composition by processes or
breeding, Types of grain can bo pro
duced In which ror Instnnco the nitro
gen percentage is greatly Increased
nnd so a long way Improved as food
for man and benst
If, In addition to this, Indian corn
can bo mado to furnish Itself, through
accommodating bacteria, with this
higher nitrogen content directly from
th; exhaustions storehouses of tho nlr,
the agricultural inlrnclo of tho age
will have been wrought
No ono can predict whether or not
thin will ever como to pass, but from
-what is now known, tho endeavor to
bring It to como to pass seems at
least worth whllo,
vlso a shod over tank, on six by six
inch concreto supports, re-enforced
with a threc-olghths-lnch Iron rod in
each corner, and Inserting halt-Inch
bolt and washer lit each for tying down
rafter plate.
Tho sides aro ro-ontorccd concrete,
a cheap foundation for which can bo
made by breaking field rock In tho
tronches tor tho first four-Inch layer,
grouting samo with a comont grouting,
then continuing to All in tho layers
with roughly-broken rock, and grout
ing solid. Kach layer should be set
tled lightly, The walla Bhould be
mado from a fairly rich mixture, ay
one part cement, two sand, and four
ot screened gravel.
Tho most Bntlsfactory bottom tor
this tank wHll bo layer of clay, thor
oughly puddled, and. about four inches
thick, Tho eocpago will not be ma
terial, nnd thoro la quite a saving In
first cost. It ot co'ucroto, there t dan
ger ot the bottom heaving during win-
tor, unless it Is kept covered with ma
nure Anyway, It will bo well to try
the. clay, as tho concreto bottom can
bo added at any tlmo.
Tho labor of handling tho manuro
on a placo where many animals aro
kopt Ib a much heavlor nnd more cost
ly Job than many would believe who
have not kept r.n account, and It
should bo lightened in ovory way pos
sible. One method is to uso a manuro
carrlor, and unload direct from this
Into tho manure sproador, Where
Section of Tank Walt.
hlllBldo Blto can bo secured for the;
storage pit or tank, a "gravity" sys-,
torn of loading may be put In by scrap;
lug out u raid on tho lower side, that1
will allow the top of the bed ot tho,
spreader to bo a Ultlo bolow tho level
ot the bottom ot tank.
CARING FOR
MOLTING HENS
Require Large Amount of Fed
Containing Nitrogen, Such
as Oil Moat and
Protein Feeds.
(By J. DAILBY nilUCH.)
Most puoplo boliovo that if they
can force their lions to molt early thoy
will lay moro eggs during tho season,
but this is not true. Hons that havo
molted lato will lay moro eggs during
the wlntor than tho early moltors.
This has boon Bhown by the most
careful experiments, but tho facts arc
not genornlly known.
Molting hens roqulro a largo amount
or ioou containing nitrogen sucn as
oil meal, meat and othor foods rich
In protein. Molting can be forced by
cutting down tho food of hens as it
has boon shown by experiments that
scnntlly fed hens begin molting oar-
Her than thoso on full feed, but tho
former do not finish molting much
earlier.
Starved lions molt more uniformly
than others and this Ib particularly
notlceablo In lions two or threo years
old.
In an experiment conducted by tho
Cornoll oxperlmont station It was
found that on a basis of 100 hens tho
fed flock produced eggs to the value
of $20.27 moro than by tho starved
flock.
Tho total Incomo from nil tho birds
was $278 for tho starved fldck and
9360 for tho fed ilock, a dlfforenco In
favor of natural molting for tho year
ot about 9G,
A westorn poultryman of long ox
porlonco gives h!n method of contrail
Ing molting ob follows:
As Boon as the hens nro through
laying ho turns them out In alfalfa,
feeding them dry bran only, In addl
tlon. Under this trentmont thoy get,
thin. Then ho feeds them n mixed
ration or grains and ment, giving a
light feed in tho morning nnd nil thoy
will eat at noon and night. Under
this treatment thoy finish molting
quickly, got -now fenthors and begin
laying In Snptombcr. Uy October 1
they nro all In good laying condition
and mako a profit through tho fall
and wlntor.
Only Peppermint Radar.
Tho only successful peppermint
ralHer in tho United States Ib said to
bo Miss Mury Clark o'f Dorrlon, Mich
Sho has twonty-clght acres of tho herb
and runs her own distillery, which
producos from throo to four hundred
pounds ot oil every year.
Produce Fine Meat.
With alfalfa pasture, corn Is tho
only thing needed to produce tho
lineal of beef and pork.
t
'ill " J
i &
x'.f i v
September oe.
AoroM the hill
Sh waves htr brown arm In farewell!
Tho day arowi atranaelr ad and itlll
As whan one near a eklnK bli:
Ilut at 111 agllmmer In the weed '
In vartud follnite one Jwo
Where but an hour etie stood,
Ilor aratoeequed ilraperle.
September goes.
Ah, when came,
llor arms heaped high with harvest
KOld.
And fruitage pranked with ruby fUme,
And biosiomi In eacii garment-ratal
When ilio enme singing down the way.
Soft-voiced, her mellow autumn ereon
Mndo ovcry hour ot all tho day
Boom like the ealm mid-afternoon.
Ooptomber goe.
Tho minuet glow
Marks how her fnco li turned to u;
Bhnkns out Its .banners tremulous.
And ripened corn In row on row'
Itn purpled UiiioU Idly droop
Auovo tho tnwny. crlnplng liuK
Thus her battalions, troop on troop,
Baluto Her In tho creeping duK.
September goes.
Her empty hand
Fades In the liut long shaft of tight.
And aho rellnquUhea command .
To blend Into the brooding night.
Ilut, throbbing from the distant dawn,
lllsa bugle call nnd thrum 'of drums
To mark how, now that eh a has gone.
AU grandly proud October copies.
J
HIS ESTIMATE.
"I bought a little lawn for tlfe girl's
spring dresses today," said Mrs.
Spendlt, 'Jand liere is the bill for It."
"Lawn!" shouted Mr, Spendlt, look
ing nt tho bill, "Lawn 7 Why, worn
nn, you must havo bought a whole
farm!" !
One of War's Horror.
Wo do not think that Italy
Is noting very prettily
In tolling Turkey snlpplly
Sho wants to gobble Tripoli,
Says Mr. Meddergrass.
"As near as I can make out this
horo classic fiddle pluyln'," observed
Mr, Meddergrass, "It consists large
ly In physical exerclso of a violent
sort, In which tho fiddler doesn't un
derstand what ho Ib playln' at an' the
audlenco doosn't understand It, eith
er, an' keeps wlshln' ho'd cut loose
on somo of tho old tlmo shako tho
foot tunes, but hoa to look wise an'
toll qno another It's Just grand. No,
clr, this hero classic music business
is all right to talk to, but no great
shakes to listen to."
Experience Teaches,
"1 am tho goose that lays the gold
en eggs," observed tho barnyard bird
to tho agriculturist who was approach
ing with an ax.
"Huh," Bald tho ngriculturlst. "How
i I know but you will switch the
package on mo and hand me a tin egg
full of sawdunt?"
For ho had road tho newspapers to
somo profit.
Latter-Day Carelessness.
"Tho profession Is not what It wai
In our days. It Is degenerating sad
ly," observed the First Retired Jour
nallst. ,
"Indeed it Is," agreed tho Second
Retired Journnltst. "Only yostordaj
road an account of a wedding la
which the bride was not described a
beautiful and accomplished."
Where He Is Lacking.
"It Is pitiful to hoar old Lusher tal
when ho Is Intoxicated," said the Sym
pathetic Person.
"Yc, Indeed," agreed tho Individual
who rends Realistic Stories, -Yes, In.
deed. Ho docs not speak with the cor
rect dialect of Intoxication at all"
.......