NOTES cHaffl-
ME&DOWBR00K
-f)l FARM
Tho silo Is not an experiment.
Charcoal in excellent for plga.
Tako good caro of what' pigs you
LOW-HEADED ORCHARD TREES
REDUCE COST OF HARVESTING
CONVENIENCE OF DIVIDING
FALL AND SPRING HOG HERDS
have. ' - -
Pruning, Spraying . and Trimming, as Well as Picking
Will be Found to be MmcIi More Convenient Than
on High-Headed Trees Three Feet
is Very Common Height.
By This Method Farmer Will he Able to Distribute Mid
Time Equally Economise in Room, Sell Whw
Markets Suit Him And Furnish Customers
Kind of Pork Desired.
MS
Got a hand separator.
Don't rorgot tho road drag.
Aren't woll painted buildings a good
olgn?
It la tinwlso and wasteful to stuff n
horso 'with hay.
Salt regularly twlco a week Is bet'
tcr thnn once.
Just as Boon as tho croam Is sep
arated is should bo cooled.
Tho potatoes can bo greatly Im
proved by selecting tho seed.
Drench tho ground around tho tea"
rosea, but do not spray tho bush.
No not neglect to spray tho orchard
trees and berry bushos this year.
Tho avcrago production of alfalfa
has been four tons of hay per aero.
Dlsoaso lurks In a 'nogloctcd swill
barrel. Scrub and scald it ovory
week. ,
Seed onions should now have pro
duced plants big onough for bunch
anions.
Bloody milk or that from a sick
cow should never bo mixed with wholo
some milk. -
As chickens grow, diminish tho
.number of menla as woll as tho vari
ety of food.
It is fatal to some plants to ferti
lize them with rich manures when tho
ground Is very dry.
It Is' well to have -a trough In tho
hog-houso in which Is kopt wood ashes,
Bait and copperas.
If tho spring pigs aro doing woll
hold them s'teady until fall and then
push them for tho market )
Some cowb aro such persistent milk--ors
that it is next to Impossible to dry
thom up, oven for a short time.
It requires' tho work of oxporloncod
grower of glnsong to germinate the
seed with any degrco of success.
A hog needs all his tlmo to mako
pork and should not bo expected to
Bpend any moments fighting lice.
It should bo ' remembored that tho
milk cannot bo Increased in solids
and In fat by tho feeding of rich food.
Tho individuality of each horso
should bo studied, and tho' feeds sup
, filed to meet individual requirements.
You will appreclato tho dlfferenco
.between low-headed and high-headed
jtrecs when you aro picking the crop.
An average of between ono and two
per cent, of all hogs slaughtered in
tho United States aro lnfcctod with
trichina.
In order to produce desirablo flavor
it is very essential that tho milk and
cream bo handled under sanitary con
ditions, Freo rango for hogs docs not mean
that they should be allowed to run' in
the highways and through the neigh
bors' fences.
Cabbago and caullflowor will grow
bettor if frequently cultivated. Tlo
tho leaves about tho cauliflower heads
to keep them whito.
Each cow's udder should be thor
oughly cleansed beforo milking and
the hands of tho milker should bo ab
solutely clean and dry.
At no time is the. development of
the pigs so oaslly Influenced as while
they aro depending on the sow's milk
the first month of life.
There Is no trouble about working
the brood mare on the farm, it she is
tho right kind of a maro and is han
died by. tho right sort ot man.
-Hogs nfqulre attention, regardless
of condition, ago or sox, but the man
agement of the brood sow 1b tho sur
ost tost of tho breedor's skill.
There are many farmers and stock
men Who find quack grass, Canada
thtntlpH. dodder and similar woed
pests established on their premises
jwho cannot account for their pres
ence except thoy coma from the
isccdsman
Although lima applied as a top dress
ling on grass land is often beneficial,
it proves most effectlvo in correcting
'most ot tho faults of soils needing
ilimlng If it can 13o applied to tho
plowed surfaco and thoroughly mixed
;wlth tho soil.
If short of fall feed, spw rapo ot
turnips.
iV
Collar bolls aro caused by ill-fllting
collars.
The use of Bllage does not'brec?
tuberculosis.
One wny to Improve land rapidly li
to pasture hogs Upon It .
Trim any applo or plum trees thai
aro over-bearing. It payB.
Setting away In n largo can Is o
vory poor way to cool cream.
Horses that havd n light hay diet
aro fioldom affected with hoaves.
All weeds damage tho npepnranc
of a farm nnd render it less valuable
Strong, vigorous pigs when a wook
old will caro for themsolves, barring
accidents.
Tho dairyman cannot afford to
keep n cow at tho cxponso ot the rcsl
of tho herd.
Local manure should bo applied
only when tho ground is moist enough
to absorb It
Aim for early maturity, and keep
hogs growing by Intelligent feeding
nnd good caro.
Runs of confined fowls quickly bei
como foul this warm wdather. Plow
them up often.
The pig crop Is governed by numcn
ous Influences that tend to Increase or
decreaso supply.
Evnn plrr.nlntlon nf air in tho nnn
Important ' factor necessary for tho
proper curing of corn.
It Is just as necessary for Uttlo
pigs to have frcah dirt to root In as to
havo nourishing feed.
Cowpeas sown in standing corn nt
the last cultivation- will furnish a
largo amount ot pasturage
Tho first tomatoes to ripen that aro
oval and smooth, and tho seod from
them should bo saved also.
Unless tho birds aro on ;grass, sup
ply them with green food daily, there!
foro cut grass Is excollent.
Hens thnt aro frightened ovory time
an attendant goes among them can
not do well in. producing eggs,. .. .
Humus is tho organic matter In tho
soil, and Is formed by tho decay of
animal and vcgetablo matter.
All breeds ot hogs look good whon
taken caro of, all ot them will yield,
good money If rightly handlod.
Thn man who can rnlnn hnim nrnflf.
ably without pnsturo can Increase his
proms many 101a ay using pasture.
The usefulness of n horso depends
largely upon bin good health and abili
ty to porform what is required of him.
Tho majority of silos bolng built
novo a continuous door, which makes
it vory convenient for emptying tho
silo.
Warm milk should never bo poured,
into cold milk, nor should the night's
milk bo mixed with tho morning's
milk.
It is a good sign that tho puro-brod,
sheep aro increasing rapidly and
aro, therefore, Improving all of tho
flocks.
Tho draft horse should show a vig
orous, lively, energetic disposition,
yet bo docile, tractable, and intelli
gent Ralso tho type of colt that Bells,
bist In your community. Soloct the
sire and dam that will bring this typo
of colt
The pig is merely a meat-producing
machlno nnd the moro ho is fed with
good Judgment, of course the moro
meat ho will turn ovor.
For tho farmer who wanta to go
Into tho business of breeding for
profit, mules aro much bettor than
horses, and a safer proposition.
iA check rein is unnecessary cruelty.
For the horso that occasions troublo
by reaching down after grass or corn,
try a muzzlo, but leave his head free.
Formorly It was thought that tho
corn should, bo quite green when used
for sllago purposes. It Is now rcallzod
that tho best sllago is made from corn
which is well along toward maturity.
Keep tho windfalls In the plum and
applo orchards picked up. They otton
harbor insects. Figs turned in among
the trees will rid tho ground of wind
falls. If tboy aro fed occasionally,
thoro Is Uttlo dangor ot their Injuring
tho troes,
It Is a mistake to think that ono
may ceaso reading his dairy paper
simply because It is warm weather
and tho work on tho farm occupies
all tho' time. Find somo opportunity
to keep up with the lines of thought
suggested by the bost authorities.
Low-Headed
Commercial orchards of apples and
roars aro nowadays hcadod much
lower than formerly, 3 foot bring a
vory common height for starting the
head of these trees, while with tho
poach and plum tho head Is Btartcd
ovon lower, 18 or 20 inches bolng a
common height
Tho reason for this Is that In cor
tain localities whoro windstorms aro
frequent tho low-headed trees are
less likely to be broken, loeo a small
er proportion of tholr fruit and aro
less subject to Injury from sun scald,
as tho low head of tho troo serves to
a cortaln oxtont as a shade for tho
body.
Tho cost ot harvesting tho frut
from low-boaded trees is much leas
than that of gathoring from tall treos,
GROWING AND
CURING HOPS
Crop Can be Grown Generally
Throughout United States
Rich Alluvial Soli
Nooded.
(By It Q. WEATHEItSTONE.)
Hops, can bo grown generally
throughout tho United States, but at
present they are grown almost en
tirely In Oregon, California, Now
York and Washington.
A mild climate and abundant ratn
fall early In tho spring, followed by
warm, dry weather, aro Ideal condi
tions for tho plant
Hops require rich alluvial soils, or
dcop sandy or gravelly loams. The
best method of growing hop vinos is
Sectional Elevatlonxof Stove Kiln.
from root-cuttings. Sometimes these
cuttings aro propagated in nurseries
and sot out when a year old. The
price of tho roots rangda from $1.00 to
$10.00 per thousand, according to the
yield of the crop.
The vines are sot in rows and aro
trained to run on 'trellises mado of
wire or wooden slats. The posts for
tho trellises aro about 20, feet. long
and sot about 2 feet In the ground.
The trellises alone coat about $76
per acre.
Hops are picked by hand and cured
A
SOLVE FARM LABOR PROBLEM
A 12 or 16 horso power traction en
glno will help to solve tho labor prob
lem on tho farm. It will drag a gang
plow with harrows, tho reaper, heavy
Orchard Treos.
With tho low-headed treos a consid
erable portion of tho crop can bo.
gathered by tho picker Btnudlng upon1
tho ground, whllo with hlgh-hoadod
treos tho major part of tho wor"
must bo dono from laddors, whlcll
greatly extends tho tlmo required to
do tho picking and consequently, In
creases Its cost Pruning, spraying,
trlmlng ns well as harvesting will bo
found to bo moro convenient on low
than hlgh-hoadod troes.
Dest Road Making.
When will wo learn that tho bost
way to mako good roads Is to hlro
tho ditching, drawing and dragging
dono by compotent men, instead of tha
present bungling system ot "every
man" working out his own road tax
by drying with artificial boat. They(
must be drlod soon nftor thoy aro'
picked, otherwlso thoy suffer from oxlj
datlon or hontlng.
Tho drying Isof tho greatest Im
portance. A hon-drlor consists of a
furnaco-room boated by furnaces oij
largo stoves, and tho drying-room
ovorhoad Into which tho heated air
passes through cracks In tho floor)
Tho furnaco should bo placed at one
sldo, so It can be fed without ontcrJ
Ing tho building.
The air Is admitted through an
open spaco near tho ground nnd this
must bo controlled In order to pre-'
venl unoveu drying. !
Hops aro an uncortaln crop, but. aro
extromoly profltablo in cortaln years,
tho etato ot tho market bolng. dotor
mined largely by tho stock hold in
storage, conditions nt homo and
abroad, and tho demand. '
The crops aro marketed wholly
through middlemen. The dealer buys,
tho crop, paying cash thorefor, then
soils It to tho consumer on terms to
suit his convonlenco. ' '
Campaign to Save the Birds,
A country-wldo campaign for statq
enactments against tho snle of gatnq
birds has boon started by tho Wild
Llfo Protocttvo Association of NoW
York, tho National Association of Au;
dubon Soclotioa nnd tho League oj
American Sportsmon.
Immcdlato extinction of many game
birds will result, it Is Bald, if pro
toctlvo measures do not nt onco ob
tain general adoption. Llterafuro hs
been sent out calling attention to tha
fact that six nntlvo American birds,
already are extinct and that a Ilka
fate at an mrly dato awaits fourteen
others.
Pasture Is Essential,
Pasturo Is ossontlal and It must not
be lost for tho want of a little rap
seed.
wagon trains, run tho sllago and feed
cutter, pump wator, saw wood nnd por
form a variety of tasks at small cost
and in rapid tlmo.
OJy C. C. UOWBFIELD, llllnoU.)
Every farmer, who raises as many
as 100 hogs in a year, ought to divide
thom into spring and tall herds. Dy
this means ho will bo ablo to distrib
ute the labor to suit his convonlenco,
economize in room, soil whon tho mar
ket suits him, and furnish his custo
mers on short notlco, any kind ot pork
doslrod, from suckling-roast to prlmo
bacon. t
Tho thoroughly practical mau can
turn hogs Into monoy vory rapidly,
but tho bualnojo noods to bo on a acalo
extensive enough to enable him to
properly dlvtdo his Holds nnd build
ings, and to mako thorough experi
ments, with different typos, and differ
ent kinds of food.
I have pbsorved two or thro.o bad
failures recently, which woro caused
primarily, by tho old and erroneous
Idea thnt hogs do not require much
ground room or forago.
In raising pork for tho market, tho
farmer ought to koop In mind thoso
vital points: Cost or feeding, danger
of dlscaso or stoknoss, and rango of
market prices.
Starting tho season with GO to 100
pigs Just weaned, the owner should
provide pasturago ot somo kind. I
would glvo this lot of young animals
ono mess per day, of brain and shorts
moistened with slops, skimmed milk
or whoy. This Is amplo In a grass-lot
of five or ten acros.
Clover is excollont for forage, but
nrtlchokos nnd rnpo aro bettor. A
Berkshire Gilts.
Uttlo corn soakod in wator is good
whon tho pigs begin to show growth.
What thoy need atiovo all else, how
ovor, Is tho rango. with Just nbout
such a line of food bb would be re
quired to glvo young cattle a steady
and rapid growth. Fleld-poas ought
to be available toward the end ot
summor, Tho hogs can be allowed to
do tho harvesting themsolvos.
This will glvo firmness and sweet
neaa to the flosh, and could bo usod
right through tho fall, Instead of corn.
My preferenco would be to glvo tho
ilnal mouth to a dressing up with
corn. This crop boing ready In Octo.
bor, tho fattening process can be
ALFALFA PEST
WORKS INJURY
Weevil la Not Native to America,
But Introduced From
Europe, ABlaaad
Africa.
(Dy T. M. WEBSTER.)
Tho alfalfa weevil is not native to
America, but has boon accidentally in
troduced from Europo, western Asia,
or northern Africa, whoro it is very
common, and whore, whllo more or
less destructive to alfalfa, It is prob
ably prevented by Its natural enemies
from working serious and wldospread
ravages.
Tho Insect winters ontircly In the
beetlo stago, Booking shelter, before
tho frosts of autumn commence, either
in tho crowns of alfalfa plants, close
to tho surface of tho ground In tho
field or under leaves, matted grass,
weeds, nnd rubbish along ditch banks,
hay stacks nnd straw stacks. Indeod
it Is oftentimes found In barns where
hay Is kopt over winter.
It has boon estimated that fully 80
per cent of the beetles that go into
winter quartors In the fall live through
until spring. With the coming of
spring the booties make tbelr way
Tha Alfalfa Weovll: Adults Clustering
on and Attacking Sprig of Alfalfa.
forth from their hiding "places and
attack tho young growth of alfalfa as
soon as thoro Is sufficient food for
thom.
In ordtnury seasons thoy appear in
March and tho egg-luying poriod usu
ally lasts from March or April until
early July.
Somo Idea of tho abundanco of
these eggs and tho extent to which
tho pest may breed In vacant lots and
other waste lands whoro alfalfa has
escaped from cultivation and grows
ns a wood may bo obtained from the
fact that in one case a single plant
baB been found to contain 127 of these
rushed through the month of Noi
vernbor, or Until conditions are right
for marketing.
The clearost profit is made in ten
months, at which age, the hogs ought
to avorago 2D0 pounds. Animals; that
get good pasturage, and about such a
diet as I havo described, are pretty
euro to cscapo dtseaso. tt is essential
to havo plenty of puro water In tho
hog lot.
Tho farm should include three ot
four small fields, securoly fencod, so
that ono kind ot forage could be
rested, whllo tho other was used. Then
again, if tho owner dotocts fever or
othor sickness in tho hord, It is easy
to sogrcgnto thoso animals which aro
affected. Prompt action along thW
lino, may prevent hoavy loss.
Dipping Is another essential, and as
It Is nolthor dllltcult or expensive tt
ought to bo attended to, twlco oach
summor, With this kind of hog farm
ing, cholera will not be known, and
tho stock will got a stoady growth,
from beginning to end.
If tho woathor bo Revere, when it
conies to the last' month of foedlng,
tho hogs should bo kopt in clean,
roomy pons, but ovon to tho last day,
they should have some succulent for
ago-plant to oat. Clover or alfalfa li
xultahlo for this, and carrots are ex-,
cpllont, In connection with the corn,
or pons.
It Is for the good of the animal, and
of course for the owner's pocket, thai
a program of this kind be marked out
Feeding C0-cont corn, for six or eight
months, will not do. Farmers must
learn that forage ts natural to the hog,,
and that it will give the growth at a
small cost
Allowing full rental value for the
land, tho cost ot all food supplies, and
tho wage value ot the time taken up
In tho care' of tho stock, from the date
of birth, to the marketing 100 hogs
10 months old averaging 2G0 pouuds,
can be turned off, at a cost not ex
coding $700.
It may be done for a little lees, but
tt it Is to be a business proposition
let It be figured as a business man
would count the expense. With care
ful oxporlmentlng and observation, for
several years, I get no figures very
far from $7 for a marketable hog
weighing 250 pounds.
Keep Up Cow's Condition. ,
To keep up tho condition of tlaa,
cows and to supplement the pasture
little wheat bran and flaxseed meal
can bo profitably fed all through tho
sunjper.
egg punctures In the midst of the egg
laying season, with the punctures
fresh and new. As one puncture may
contain anywhere from a tew to over
30 eggs, probably 10 or 15 on the aver
age, this single plant presumably con
tained between 1,200 and 1.300 eggs
at tho time it was observed. If these
hatched and halt of them developed
into female beetles and 80 per cent ol
the latter passed the winter, this plant
might in a year glvo rise to over ISO,
000 beetles.
The alfalfa weevil has no natural
onemles, except frogs and toads, both
of which are by tar too few in num.
hers to greatly restrict the ravages of
the peat
AIDS FOR THE
HOG BREEDER
Two Pastures Better Than One-
Vlcloua Anlmul Should be
Killed -Provide
Shelter.
Tho brood of white hogs Is rapidly
disappearing from this country.
Free range for hogs does not naeaa
that they should be allowed to rua
ovor our nolghbor's.farm.
With good fence 'wire as cheap &i
it is today It is an easy matter to dl.
vide up the hog pasture into convenient
lots.
Two pastures are better than one,
because while the hogs are feedlnfl
in one field the other will be recover!
Ing and later furnish much more at
tractive feed than as if both pastures
are used 'as one.
The vicious hog that is forerei
breaking out and causing trouble foi
one's neighbor cannot be killed too.
quickly. --, J
It is a good plan to' provide sum?
mor shelter for the hogs on a high
pot where the wind will have a full
sweep.
Cow of Quality.
It is unofficially reported that a Jer
soy oow ownd by a member of the
American Jersey club, of New York,
In n year's test gave 14,462 pounds ot
milk. Tho average dally was 39 6-10
pounds milk and 2 pounds and 1-1
ounces ot butter.
Feed for Dairy Cows.
Hlgh-prlcod feod and low prices for
milk or its products 1b a very unde
Blrnblo combination, but it is soni
tlmoB economy to submit to a present
Joss, rather than allow a milk, flew
to go by dotault
Sheep on Pasture,
If too many shoop nro -couflned on a
pasturo thoy will oat tlio grass roots
right out of tho ground.