1
NOTES
FARM
Ono of tho very best foods to grow
for Bhcep la fodder corn.
Ohio graBs and whlto clover make
an Ideal pasture for sheep.
Corn for grain and alfalfa hay go
well together in animal feeding.
Sudden changes in tho calf's feed
nro almost certain to start trouble
All dairy utensils should bo
hashed as soon as possible after be
ing used.
If you grow squashes and have
novcr acen tho squash bug you aro
iortunatb.
tic sure thoro aro no drafts In tho
hen house or your hens aro likely to
have tho roup.-
Chicks nnd young cockerels' nro apt
to become weak In tholr legs while
running at largo.
Look out for ticks. Your sheep
can not fatten It they aro troubled
with thesa pests.
Tho brood maro in foal should bo
handled by a firm, steady hand, not
an excitable, rash. hand.
, With over 100 broods of chickens
(already in existence, brooders aro nt
'work trying to fix now ones.
Stagnant water should novcr be
:nllowcd to remain whoro sheep can
'got at It. It convoys parasites.
Thero is no crop that a stock feed
,cr can grow that will mako ns much
-feed as corn and peas or soy boans.
If tho man who has no silo would
Swatch his neighbor feed and watch
'tho results ho would soon have ono.
After tho asparagus season is over
.remoVo .the weeds, stir the soli and
iput a coating of woll-rotted manuro
on, tho bod.
Thero Is only ono tlmo whon a poul-
trymnn is Justified in .selling a good
pullet, and that . Is when ho is going
out of tho business.
Dairying does not Imply that any
othor lino of farming Is bad. "It
makes tho Holds moro profltnblo and
tho farm moro profltnblo.
It makes somo horseB ugly to work
thorn with, horses that do not travel
up with them. Match them as to gait
as well us to other things.
A drop of melted lard rubbed on
top of tho head and another drop un
der Its bill and along tho neck will
put an ond to the head llco.
Ono reason why moro farmers do
not have better breeds of poultry Is
because tno natcning ana nrooaing
season comos'ln tholr busiest tlmo of
tho year.
To succeed with celory you. should
havo cold mamlro or muck nppllod In
largo quantities. It Is a deop foeder
nnd does best on a compact cold or
deep soil.
All crops should bo severely thinned
-better havo a good car of corn than
two nubbins; bettor havo a good nub
bin than a turashy nubbin and nn
empty shoot."
In- order that a horso may trot or
pacoho must havo tho physical con
formation, adoption to tho gait, and a
favorable condition of mental and
'nervous organizations.
Keening down tho weeds will nld
the garden crops in maturing, and
mako picking eanior. Mulch tho clean
surfaco of tho ground with old straw
in caso of dry conditions.
If you linvo a crop of heifer calves,
bo sura to select thoso tuat unvo tuo
greatest promlso of being producers.
Give thorn tho best of care and build
up your future herd in this way.
Tho condition of tho soil, tho lo
cation with rognrd to schools, and
markets and tho desirability of a farm
from a general standpoint aro three
things that should ontor Into consider
ation boforo buying.
. The cow Is tho final Judgo as to tho
real worth of silago. Sho is its "ultl
mato consumer," and whon she sayB
,by a full pall and satisfied expression
that Bllago Is tho best dairy feed tho
wise dairyman will abide by hor do-.
clslon.
It Is poor policy to staryo and
stunt n pig during tho first Tew
months, expecting to mnko It up by
heavy feeding later. Tho 100-pound.
.lrr mnlrnn pfllnR 20 nor cent, cnoanor
than tho 200-pound pig if equally
Warm milk la bent for Uio call, no
matter how old It Is.
If you haven't a nllO, think over
tho matter of building ono.
So mo horses havo learned to balk
; by being overloaded and7 abused.
Tho cow that loses flesh in October
or November will bo an exponslv6, ono
to winter,
Alfalfa hey is n flno rough feed for
horses onco per day if fod in moder
nto quantities.
All over tho country pcoplo are
keeping better poultry than thoy did
a faw years ago.
Sweet corn la n vory profltnblo crop.
Ono reason for this Is becnuso it is
so" easily handled.
Cow pox Is a contagious eruption;
running a fixed course, and accompa
nied by a Blight fover.
Mature hogs that nro thin may bo
made a gain of a half pound a day
on alfalfa without grain.
Running tho mowor along tho sides
of tho ditches will mako it easier
keeping them clear of weeds.
Hot wator nnd sunshine aro two of
tho bost cleansers tor tho dairy uten
sils thnt can bo found anywhore.
Untirwc get perfect animals wo
should search for a siro that In some
particulars Is superior to tho cows In
our herds.
A good pcdlgroe counts, and tho
good ram is bound to show his good
points; f he is not good ho will show
his defects.
Mnny orchards bavo sufficient avail
ablo plant food, but lack wator at
that critical period while tho trco Is
fruit making.
Tho man who has plenty of soiling
crops does not fear tho dry pastures
so much as tho ono who depends upon
tho grass nlono.
Tho sow should bo given a warm
rolllfeed slop, mado frosh for each
meal, wholo pats and a little "sound
corn twlco a dny.
Of tho Insects attacking squashes;
melons, cucumbers, pumpkins, etc.,
tho common striped cucumber beetlo
1b tho moBt injurious.
Tho right tlmo to castrato pigs Is a
week or so beforo thoy aro weanod,
If healthy; if dolicatc, wait a week or
so until thoy aro stronger.
Tho soparator Js an absolute neces
sity upon the,, modern dairy farm. It
safeguards Jthe health of, too calves
and tho pigs, and Incrcasos the pronts
No cow can properly digest nnd as
simllato balanced rations and eco
nomically convert them Into milk
unless sho has been properly dovel
oped
Tho keeping of goats for milk Is
not a fad: and tho breeding of dairy
Koats Is coming to tho front most
rapidly in both tho United Statos and
Canada,
A well planned garden 1b one that
will allow as much of It as posslblo
to bo cultivated with a horso. Hoolng
In tho garden doesn't sot woll with
most of us.
Whon pigs are olx weeks old thoy
may D0 turned Into grass, and clovor
pasture If tho wonther is warm. If
cold nnd ground wot, keop thom In
dry, roomy pens.
When wator Is given n short ttma
boforo feeding it pusses out of tho
stomach quickly and leaves that or
gan frco to deal with any food con
sumed afterward.
Export truckors and market gar-
deners apply, in connection witii ma'
nuro spread in tho drill or hill, 600
to 800 pounds of somo standard bona
phosphate to tho ncre.
Young pigs should havo tho bost oi
caro and get to eating nicely while on
the mother. Thoy should not be
weaned until thoy aro nlno wookB old
If good results nro obtained.
A vicious old maro In a herd ol
horses, In tho pasture Is likely to do
great harm by biting and kicking. Bbo
should either bo hobbled or kopt on
tlrely away from other horsos.
A field, of rnpo makes an oxcollont
'"'"' imiu
turo during tho dry summor period
when tho regular pastures aro either
too short or burned entirely down.
Experiments mado at tho Ponnsyl
vnnla experiment stntion show that
hill strawberries aro not lnrgor nnd
bettor formed than thoso grown In
matted rows, provided tho matted
row Is a narrow ono.
It is Important that every drop ot
milk should bo drawn from the udder
for tho richest milk comos last and in
addition to this. If tho cow it not
milkod dry sho will fall off In bor flow
moro quickly,
When selecting a cow for tho dairy
look and seo If tho oyo of tho animal
is largo and full. Tho largeness or
the eyo indicates n strong nervous
svstoro. Digestion and milk socre-
UOB IB wu m "i "
Tho nerve system Is tho power thnt
LITTLE PEACH ORCHARD IS
NOT DIFFICULT TO ACQUIRE
Long Island Woman Secures Good Crop at Third
'Year and Bumper the Fourth Hoi Success
."- lis Attributed to Summer-Pruning,
Spraylng,CttItlVKtlon und Humus.
-
Branch From Four
(Dy ANTON WACINEn.)
It Is. so easy to hnvc a llttlo peach'
orchard on tho farm, nnd how very
row have them. Nothing more la re
quired than soino good trees plnntod
right, n bit of cultivation now and
thou, a llttlo watchfulness to sco that
tho insects do not attack the young
sters, liberal pruning, and there you
are.
Tho plcturo shown hero Is from a
photograph of a, branch from n pencil
treo four years old, grown by Edith
Fullorton, on Long Island, N. Y. Tho
trees woro summer pruned- and how
Mrs. Fullorton does pruno hor trees
Is a caution to pcoplo who do not
IMPORTANCE OF
TREE-PLANTING
Enterprise of German Foresters
Strikingly Shown in Two
Recent News Items To
Try Larch and Pine.
Tho enterprise of Gernfnn foresters
and tho Importance of treo-plantlng
for forest purposes aro strikingly,
shown by two items of news which'
como, tho one from Montnnn, tho
other from Ontario. It Is reported'
that n demand has developed for
Montnnn larch seeds to bo usod by
German nurserymen; whllo whlto plno'
seedlings nro to bo Imported from
Germany by tho town of Guelph, Ont.,
for planting a lC8-acro tract-of land
belonging to tho municipality,
The Germans recognize that the In
troduction Into tholr forests of valu
able trees natlvo to other countries
may be decldedely to tholr advantage
Although as a rule tho forest trees
best adapted to each region aro thoso
winch naturally grow In it. there aro
many exceptions. Norway spruco
and Austrian and Scotch plno have
beon carried from their nntlvo homo
to other parts of Europe and to Amor
lea nnd hnvo boon found woll worth
the attention of tho grower of timbor.
Several of our own Bpoclea havo mot
with favor in Europo and flourished
there, such as tho Douglas fir, black
walnut and othors. Tho Australian
eucalyptus is proving a groat find for
America and South Africa,
Our own whlto plno long ago crossed
tho Atlantic in rosponso to tho needs
of Europeans, whoso forests nro com
paratively poor in troo species, and is
now grown commercially on such a
scalo thnt whon It Is wnntcd for plant
ing in Its own natlvo habitat tbo Ger
man nurseryman Is often ready to do
liver young plants hero for a lower
prico than our own nurserymen will
quoto. Now the Gormans aro going
to try tho western larch, also. Tho
request from tho Gorman nurseryman
instructs tho collectors to gather tho
choicest soedB whon rino this fall. Ono
nurseryman on Flathead lake has of
fered t6 exchange larch seeds for soeds
ot deslrnblo Gorman shrubs, which ho
intends to cultlvnto and soli in Amer
ica. In tno snmo region, four or tlvo
months ago, foresters or our own de
partment of agriculture gathered seod
for use In tho neighboring Lolo for
est, where n new forest-planting
nursery was begun last year.
The objects, of tho Guelph planting
arc, according to local accounts, to
protect the town's wator source by a
forest cover ovor Its springs In tho
hills, to mnko a beautiful woods for
a public park, and to provide for a
future timber supply as a municipal
asset. In foreign countries, forest
tracts aro ofton owned nnd rannngod
by towns nnd cities ns. a paying In
vestment and to Insure a permanent
supply of wood for local consumption,
but in America planting by municipal
ities other than for parks and for
watershed protection has scarcoly
been thought of. Tho kinds of tree's
to bo grown In tho Guelph pnrk Jiavo
already been decided upon by tho Ont
tarlo Agricultural college. Tho pro
posed torestatlon promises to bo of
so great economic and sanitary vnluo
that tho estimated cost of 8 por
acre for Importing and planting tho
seedlings and caring for tho growing
troos is rcgardod as well worth whllo.
Building a Hothouse Trade.
One ot tho prominent truck grow
ers ot Erie, Pa., was 12 yonrs ago a
telegraph operr.tor earning Just
onough to Bupport his family. Ho
built a small greenhouse, peddled his
first lettuce from store to store from
a basket on his arm. Ho now hnB a
beautiful home, rides In an automo
bile, has 125 acres In truck crops and
fruit, and over CO.OOO square foot of
vegetables undor glass.
- Year - Old Tree.
know what liberal pruning means.
Theso trees produced a god crop thq
third year, nnd n bumper crop the
fourth year.
Mrs. Fullcrton says sho InyB hor
good crops to summer pruning, spray
ing, clean cultivation nnd nature's
own fertilizer, humus.. Exports who
visited tills llttlo Long Island farm
woro quite certain that tho trees on.
which theso peaches woro grown had
been planted nt loast novon yonrs, nnd,
It took tho rocords of tho county soot
to show that tho land, which was
iwnsto pine bnrrons, was not bought
until four years beforo tho maturing
of this crop.
! PROTECT BIRDS
I FROM THE CATS
Suitable Drinking- Place for tin
Little Songsters Should be
Provided on Svery
Form.
A drinking place for birds which
offers protection from cats should 1
on ovory farm nnd ovory suburb
homo yard should contain ono.
Tho wator Is furnished in an olt
A Drink In Safety.
tin fastened to tho top of a post, be
low which is an Inverted pan which
should extend out at loast six inches
from tho polo. Such a drinking place
Is cheap and easily constructed,
RAPE SUPERIOR
FOR PASTURAGE
Orop Can ha, jBown Any Tim
Snring the Summer and the
Farmer Is Always Sure of
Getting Money's Worth.
(Dy J, BAILEY BRUCE.)
You can sow rape most any tlmo
during tho summor nnd got your
monoy's worth. It Is a flno thing to
sow in corn as n catch crop as It
grows fastor than cow-peas, soybeans
clover or any of tho catches.
As pasture It is far euporior to cow
peas or soy-beans as it lasts till nearly
ChrlstmnB In tho southern states and
In mnny places all wlntor.
Tho seed Is cheap, It can bo bought
for about flvo cents a pound and two
poundB will sow nn acre bo that you
can got ?5 or ?10 worth of food from
as many cents' worth of seed,
It is pretty cortnln to mako n crop,
nnd then If it Is pastured thoro is no
loss of fertility to tho sol), but on tho
contrary It Is benefited.
As It grows long aftor com nnd oats
Is matured it saves tho nltrogon thnt
would othorwlso bo wasted. Thoro Is
no extra plowing, harrowing or liar
vesting nnd you mny got a profit ol
ono dollar or ton dollars per acre.
Havo Timothy Grans.
ICvery farm ot any slzo should hava
Its timothy fields. A 40-acre farm
should havo at least Ave acres of
grass, and larger farms In samo pro
portion. An aero of good timothy will
give more clear money than will two
or throo acres of other grasses or
clovers. Ease of curlug Is Been In tho
fnct that If In right condition for cut
ting It can bo cut In tho morning nnd
put in tho barn In tho ovonlng. Out
door Blacking Is pot to bo commended.
Fruit for Market.
It pays to pack fruit in clean bas
kots for tho local market and It pays
alflo to wrap thom in pnpor. Not for
protection but to lncrca-j thoir mar
ket nppoarnnco.
8trawberry Plants.
If doslrcd potted strawberry plants
may bo rooted now and then planted
lato In tho summer. Every , plant
should grow when propagated in this
mannor.
r
M
IMPORTANCE OF
TO MEMBERS
Extra Care Must b Constantly Exercised During; the Hat
Summer Months If Good Condition of Lambs
Is to he Maintained Should 1
Given Separate Pasture.
(By KI.Mntl HRNDEItSON.)
Of all tho things thnt should merit
tho attention ot tho fnrtner nt this
tlmo none nro moro important than
tho lambs.
Tho Saviour's oft repeated admo
nition ot "Feed My Lambs" always
has boon nnd always will .bo tho nlo
gnu of tho truly successful sheep
farmer.
No mnttor how carefully you care
for tho owo during tho trying period
of lambing, nor how woll you food her
during tho raw, chilly months of early
spring, if now, during tho hot months
you neglect tho llttlo onos, all your
work hnB been In vain, For It Is then
thnt tho really trying tlmo comes.
until summer climatic conditions
hnVo boen fairly conducive to tho best
health and growth of the younb
lambs. Grass has been abundant nnd
tho owo has boon liberal in hor flow
of milk. Now, howovor, a change oc
curs In tho life .of tho llttlo ono,
Our dayB, which before havo been
cooled by cool nnd balmy breezes
Prize Dorset, Illinois State Fair.
bocomo Intolerablo by tho wilting
glare of the mldBummor sun and
nothing feels tho effect ot this moro
than tho sheep, Their wool makos
thom fool offoctB of heat more than
any ot our other animals. - It makes
thom uncqmfortablo. Ono has but to
look nt n flock lying panting In tho
shado on a hot day to bo convinced
of this.
Tho wool of tho lambs being longer
than thnt ot tho owo makes thom suf
fer moro than does tho ewo. This
nlono would check tho growth of the
lamb, but tho worst ot all Is tho fact
that with tho coming ot tho summer's
boat tho owo a flow ot milk drops oft.
Tho usual shortngo of pasture at this
tlmo Is-also conducive- to this.
With tho falling oft of the mother's
milk the lamb too ottou receives a
Borlous backsot. What can tho poor
llttlo thing dq? Its chlof support Is
gone. It turns tq tho- pastures, but
thoy, too often, nro bnre of any save
Llvo it must and doos, but between
tho heat of tho noonday sun and tho
IMPORTANCE OF
FARM HORSES
Animals, In Combination With
Modern Machinery, Have to
Great Extent Replaced
Human Labor.
(By THOMAS P. COOPER)
At presont tho horso is practically
tho entire niotlvo power of tho farm.
In combination with improved farm
machinery, tho horso has,, to a groat
extont, replaced human labor. And
tho modern farm depends as much
upon tho efficiency of the horse thnt
Is kopt to perform tho labor as It does
upon tho ubo of the human labor upon
tho fuvm. In fact, tho efficiency ot
human labor upon tho farm, and In
many Instances tho proper operation
pf tho farm, doponds entirely upon
the farm horso. We may readily un
derstand, therefore, that the farm
horao Is often the greatest single fac
tor In tho succosB of the farming opor
ntlons. It is ossontlal, then, that the
farm horso bo so cared for, und the
farm so organized, that a maximum
return on the horse's labor can be
secured annually,
It Is triio that horso owners goner-
ally are not accustomed to look upon
tho horsos of the farm, or tholr labor,
a b coBtlng anything. Tho horso hua
beon considered bo much ot a neces
sity, nnd so much a port of tho farm,
that tho question of tho cost of tho
horso lnbor to tho farm, or of tho
niothbds by which such cost may bo
decreased, has boon vory largely neg
lectcd. Tho question of economy ot
power on tho farm Is only brought up
nt thoso times whon consideration Is
being given to somo other form of
motlvo powor than tho horso. It Is a
nuostlpn, though, that with Increas
Ing cost of feed, of caro, and larger
Investment in horsos will constantly
becomo of creator and greater Im
portance. Tho cost of horso labor depends
upon mnny conditions thnt vary on
each farm, bo that costs aro not simi
lar on different farms. However, tho
Items that mako up cost nro similar
on all farms, and only vary In amount.
It la essential, then, that tho farm
operator havo an accurato knowledge
of whnt comprises cost, and what aye
rago costs are, thnt ho mny Instltuto
such economies In his management as
scorn desirable Carofully-kopt rec
ords and accounts with tho farm
horso, show that tho avorugo cost of
horso labor on tho furm Ib about eight
and one-hnlf cents por hour. Tho rata
seldom averages less, and gonernlly
runs higher. This moans that the act
ual cost, on tho farm, of a horse's
labor for a ton-hour day, is 85 cents,
ot 170 for a team.
ATTENTION
OF SHEEP FLOCK
scantiness of pasture, itvtoo often ends
In what wo too often see in market
circles a poor, dwarfed and runted
lamb.
Wght horo is whoro the sheer-
farmer shows whether ha is capable
and efficient. It he Is, ho will attend
to them at onco, In fact, tho bent ot
thom anticipate nature a little by
wcnnlng earlier.
If It tins hot been done beforo, the
really cnpablo and efficient farmer at-,
tondatoltnow. Ho may be, and often
Is, right whore hla Holds need him the
most, but he knows that here is some
thing that will pay htm immensely,
lie knows that a little brains and
forethought exorcised now will take
the place of a lot ot work and' feed
later on.
The best thing to do Is to separate'
tho owco and lambs entirely. If pos
slblo elvo tho lambs a frosh tmsturo
on which no sheop havo been grazed'
tor a year. This Is to avoid the
dreaded Btomach worm.
Ono way that has been found good'
Is to turn tho lambs into a patch ot
rnpo nnd allow thom to graze it down.
Somo like to let tho rnpo got six or
eight Inches high beforo turning. In on
it, but for my part I think It is too
tough by that time. I much prefer;
the throe or fivo-lnch plant to the
larger and woodier growtlu
Ofton after the rape Is eaten, the
meadows have started up afresh so'
that tho lambs can be turned into,
them and allowed to cat the frosh,.
tender herbage that springs up with
tho first shower.
Sometimes whon nothing better is
offered, I have turnod tho Iambs Into;
uio uuuui iiuj , i nay uniiiii uuwu
some ot it, but they more than p
for what they destroy. Then, after
Uie hay Is cut, thoro is always a lot of.
aood feed on the ground that Is Just;
what will do thom good. 1
It may bo that the ruinous crop ot
woods Is just starting up. The lambs
will cnt these, and with what new1
grass stnrts up will do woll, to any
nothing of tho groat good thoy do as
scavengers in keeping the fence
corners all clean.
If carefully handled during summer
there Is no reason why the lamb,
should not como on in great shape,
nnd make a great big lusty ewe or
wether by Christmas.
I say ewe or wether, I ' wonder II
all come under this classification or
whether, despite all that can be said
nnd done, there are not a lot ot tin
trimmed -rams "In the sueeppens et
the com bolt to-day; but that la an
othor story.
HOW ENGLISH
TRAIN HOP VINES.
Ingenious Farmers Arrangt
StlUn, Fastened to Learn,
Enabling Them to
Ueach Wires.
How growers ot Kent, England,!
have dlscovorod u novol way of fixing
tho wires on tho tall poles on which
the hops are trained to grow. The
poles aro about 12 feet high, and.
Stilt Hopping for Hops.
placed in rows nt Intorvals ot four oi
flvo foot in tho Holds. Upon these,
wires must bo stretched, and for this
oporatlon tho Ingenious farmers have
dovlscd long stilts, which nro fastened.
to tholr legs, onnbllng them to stand'
nt a height ot seven or moro foetfrom
the ground.
Picking and Packing Pears,
Many growers pick poars whon they
are qulto green, but this 1b n mta.take.
It Is bettor to pick ponrB when thoy;
aro fully matured. Wrapped carefully
in paper thoy will roach the market In
flno condition.
If pears are picked grcon they will
remain green. Thoy do not ripen f.n'
many people suppose. It Is necessary:
to pack pears, plums and peaches just
tightly onough so they will not bruise,
by Jarring In the packages,
Injurious for Pigs,
Whon tho sow Ib given a warm, rich
slop, or other mllk-produoing feeds
Just after hor pigs are born, a strong
milk flow Is forced. Tho now-born
pigs get too .ucu nnd havo diarrhoea
which ofton kills om.
ffS
in,1
thrift V 1 UriVvU IUU k4Ui O U(IA