Shoep aro easily Handled. ,
PROPER TREATMENT OF COLTS
OUR GROSBEAKS AND THEIR
MBLDOWBROOK
llnndlo cows carefully In summer.
DURING THE SUMMER'S HEAT
GREAT VALUE TO AGRICULTURE
Cows nro annoyed by unnecessary
FARM
delay and nolso.
Many Good Animals Havo Been Aged and Mado Dull by
Majority of tho Llttlo Finchoa Aro Good Friends of the Farmer
Labor saving equipment on the
farm earns mora than It costs.
FooHnh Habit of Letting Them Run Unbroken Into
Spring When Thoy Aro Throo or Four Years
Old and Then Putting Thorn to Work.
and Deservo to Bo widely Known in uruer
Tholr Services May bo Fully Appreciated
Destroy Many Insect. v
With tho silo, an aero of roughage
will Iced a greater number of animals.
It Is well to keep grit and llmo
within roach of tho chickens nil tho
time.
It in wall tn rpinnmhnr thnt chick
ens cannot tbrlvo if infested with
Vermin. .
NOTES e
Prune tho tomato plants.
Tho making ot good hay is an art."
j Sheep nro good Btock to hdve on tho
farm
Tho cow tost association Is a great
thing for any dairy locality.
Brood sows as well as cows should
bo selected for tholr milking qualities.
Tho manure that wnshes away and
Is wasted represents an actual money
loss.
Milk Is an excellent food for the
young fowl3, but roqulro3 skill In
feeding. r
It takes two years or moro for the
whltogrub to roach maturity from
,mo egg.
Tho comb Is as sure an Indicator of
tho hoalth of tho bird as tho tonguo
lis of tho porson.
Young pigs neod perfectly dry quar
ters, especially during- tho first weeks
ot their existence.
It in milking a part of tho milk is
Ibloody, stringy or unnatural In appear-
:anco tho wholo should bo rejected.
mi. nr t. ...- u A I
iuu luu.uu. uuuuin mo iuo
lUlll Will UUB1I1 IU 111 111 iUVUlUUUt
l I... ! XT 1
If they havo been,glven proper caro.
A hay cap (will shed a reasonably
heavy rnln and keep tho larger part
lot tho cock of hay from getting wet.
; It Is a' great thing to know Just
(when a plant heeds wator. It Is a
jmatter that requires closo obsorva-
The very best kind of a pen for I
ducklings 1b ono that can bo easily
moved from ono part of tho yard to
another,
Tho condition of your neighbor's
field makes little difference to. you.
Your attention, should . bo ontorod tn
J your own.
Old orchards can be renewed In
such a way ns to produce good fruit
for tho family while tho new orchard
is coming on. '
. i
.Tho silo enables the dairyman to I
Ikoop moro live stock on tho same
Inumbor of acres and at loss cost in
(feed and labor.
... j i
snropsnircs aro rvery uuruy uuoop,
tholr wool brings a good price and
,,., aon tn Kc, hnllhlr thnn nnmn
of tho other breeds.
Naturally tho cow that gives tho
igrcatest proflt is tho ono that gives
11.. Mnn in 1 1 ir m fi n o rnn w nt nr rnr
... - . m 1
! , " r
iJUllll ID CUVU nibiiua. i. ..wu
Novor
!a. "'",5".:" .1
imoro than you
ro man you wuum iu u uuu, uu.uoa
bo is downright sick. Shutting off
Ihls feed will euro all minor Ills.
Thr, Blrn nf thn tlln tn 1m lllnrivl in
a drain will dopend upon tho length
of tho drain, tho depth of tho dls-
tanco apart tho drains aro placed.
rrt. . ..o.1 hnroo hA
product of a pure bred slro and a good
mare, has mado ono of the most prof-
ltnble industries upon tho American
farm,
Voni rnlvoB In hot wfiather will
cr.,m hnttnr If lront rlnrlnir thn ilnv In
a dark, cool stable, but tho stablo
tnnut Jin nlnnnml out nnd well vnntl-
lated.
A hen may cease laying If not 'prop-
orly fed boforo she usos up all her
stored onergy, and It occasionally hap-
pons' that a hen dies by overogg pro-
duction.
Tf Encllsh farmers can afford to use
pure-bred draft horses that aro worth
Knn for ordinary farmlnc operations,
T . ...
why cannot our farmors afford them
as well? .
a rnnllv cood horso Is novor of a
hnri rolor. but some colors, such as
nnrfnctlv duDnled grays, puro blacks
and bluo roans, command better
prices than others.
it takes somo grit to say "No" when
thn butcher cotB his eyo on the nicest
lamb you have tho ono you wanted
tn nvo for yourself but that very
lamb will by and by bring you a great
deal moro than tho meat man will
glvo you for it now If you keop it.
A Hick cow la tho hardest of all
fnrm animals to treat, owing to her
mnit dlcostlvo annartus. At the
" 7 ..
first Blgns of a dcrangoment tho rem-
edlcs should bo administered In order
to reach tho seat of trouble by tho
tlmo it will probably become serious.
Don't lenvo your valttablo farm
machinery standing unprotected in
tho field. 1
Pont soil which produces poor corn
generally docs so on account ot lack
ot potassium.
It Is fulso economy to shut your
poultry up to koop them from damag
ing your gardens.
Watch most carefully during tho
heated term that tho chicks havo well
ventilated brood coops.
Plant onrly and late so that the
sunnlv of crlsn vegetables can bo
maintained for mouths.
Tho bedding of a sow at farrowing
tlmo should bo sufficient only Tor
cleanliness and drynoas.
Tho work is ovenly distributed
throughout the entire year on tho
best organized dairy farms.
Almost any ono can succeed with
sheoD In winter time, or In early
spring or in tho tall months.
It Is much hotter to uso n medium
season, henvy straw varloty of oats
whon thoy nro grown with peas.
If tho man who has no silo would
nitnh hto nnlr-htinr fnnfl nnfl wntch
..0...
,,l(a h would nnn havo one,
. m ...
Success docs not depend so much
upon tho number of cows a man keeps
as upon tho number of good cows ho
kcops.
Strawberries should bo cultivated,
tho woods eradicated and tho mosl
turo consorvod for lato summer
drougnl
mt. nr la vnnniifnrtiirnri bv thO
7 , d that , conBUtnoQ(
honco hor feeding should bo carefully
considered.
Pnlntlnc an old buggy or wagon or
farm Implement Ib not a very difficult
task. Vut.lt adds a great deal to tho
appearance
it Ir a ml3tako to pasture young
clover for tho cattlo aro apt to kill
tho plants ns much by tramping on
thorn as by feeding.
. w ik. tn.rnin rm wnnria In
. P ' p ," 'VL ' L " 'a ,hn
SKw noodV to b. Mrd
fou moisiuru m.u
to its utmost limit,
I'ics ni uirin uuvu iu oun
' " ,, nf thnlr laws,
ed :J JJli
" "" u'"x.u
tho teats of tho mother soro.
m 1 hnwrnw tm trrminrt hofOFA
w " w Turn under tho
sowing fa 11 tu nips
WnPMH II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1L IV 17 LUU Urf wwv "
- .
clean and smooth as possible.
. As tho new corn gots dry and hard
it Is safo to feed more than when It
- - ,t . u . nrn
" , ;
digested and gives bottor results.
Tho C0W8 ShOUld H8V0 SOmO prolOC-
tlon from severo storms; that Ib. thoro
should bo some pmco wnoro u v
go If they want to during a cold rain
I . a I KHMrl nnnfd
I THO DCSl Way lO OUlUlll BU"
Is to raise tho heifer calves from your
ucsi umry tu., a ...
you are tno possesuor ol By
cows.
Lottuco may bo had for tauio uso
till tntn in wlntor by Starting thO
plants now nnd protecting them with
n mid frame Wlien C01U WOIUIIUI
comes.
nav troughs should bo so fixed thnt
nartlcles will not fall through ana De
Como entangled in the Ueeco. i-oreign
matter of any sort In tho fleece re
duco3 Its value.
Plo plant is a good commercial vego
tablo, Tho demand for It on tho city
markets Is good. It Is little froublo
1 . f ll-A .11 I
and can uo snippea wen, hiuhuiuk u
most any aisianco.
Bookkeeping is well adapted to gar
. . .
donlhg and fruit growing. Tho bee
will appreclato your skill as gnrden
or and show their appreciation by
paying trlbuto In honey.
It haB been found by observation
that In every instanco noted tho hen
that molts last has tho blggost record
behind ner. i no inier sno mojia wio
higher tho production. You can select
your breeders with safety at tlmo of
molting.
Every aairy mrmer who Keeps
dairy hord should know, with reason
ablo accuracy, how much milk and
. ..
uuticr iai cucn cow in ma uoru jb
producing; this can bo ascertained by
regularly weighing the milk from each
J cow and testing tor cutter rat.
-i
Prize Wlnnlnk Draft
(Uy J. M. I1EI.U Vlrslnla.)
Try to bo patient with your colt
Mr. Farmer. Hcmombor ho Is green
yes, as green as tho grass ho cats so
peacefully when you turn him out to
grazo and the hnrncss no longer chafes
his soft young body.
All farmers know thnt a four-year-old
colt will stand moro than a three-yoar-old.
Dono and musclo arc better
matured and generally better size,
thoroforo, ho Is bettor nblo.to stand
a day's work. Hut, whon It comes to
that, no greon, unbroken colt should
bo oxpoctod to do a full day's work
In tho team of well seasoned farm
or rond horses.
Bo many good colts hnvo been ngod
nd mado dull by this foolish habit
of lotting thorn run absolutely un
broken Into tho spring when they aro
three or four-year-olds and then catch
ing thom and putting them at hard,
steady work Just as tho busy season
comes on, when tho crops need work,
when tho flies are rampant ahd whqn
neither tho master's nor tho -colt's
tompors nre at tholr best.
Imaglno a farmer starting out to
mow hay with a green or half broken
colt hltchod alongside ot n mulo or
a stondy farm horse to n mowing mn'
chlno. doublo row cultivator, corn
planter, plow or harrow.
All implomontsnocd a steady, well
brolcon team and at the samo tlmo ti
good driver, who, In order to do hU
est work has llttlo tlmo for olso tlmh
quietly handling his team, nnd Implo
ment at ono nnd tho samo tlmo.
This man will not got much satis
faction out of a day's work If ho has
to worry with n green, restive colt,
who, chafing at tho unexpected mlsory
of heavy work In hot weathor, starts
up a llttlo too soon or not soon enough,
protests nt navmg io waiK iu
straight lino at a slow gait, otc.
It Is not Impossible that ho will balk,
kick or rear upon what might bo con
sldercd a very slight provocation, or
no provocation at nil to a broken, mid
die-aged farm horso.
In that section of Virginia known as
Tho "Valley" famous for Its splendid
lino of stock, tho farmors aro very
successful breeders of horses, notably
heavy draft horses and their rulo la
to broak theso big colts at two yours
old, never working thorn, over half a
day at - tlmo and beginning tho break
lrg-In procoss in tho Into winter and
curly spring.
Thn first link Is to a wacon In
steady team and w!thyi qulot team
CHAMPION STEER SHAMROCK II.
Silage Is going to bo moro used than I
In the past, and cattlo feeders aro com
ing to tho conclusion at last that It
should not bo Igndrcd, Hays the Na
tional Stockman. Cheaper grains have
been, made by using sllngo as rough
ago, while gains havo boon mado moro
rapid, especially whero tho cattlo
woro fed only 90 days. Tho plan
ndoptcd in handling sllngo Is to let tho
oar of tho corn rench as advanced a
Btago ot maturity as possible without
firing tho foddort -Many stock fecdors
In tho upper edgo of tho corn, bolt,
whoro dent corn ofton falls to como to
maturity bocauBO of early frosts, aro
using this sllago method with tho best
ot success, and for wintering, cattlo
its uso Is equal to pasturing thom.
Mcanwhllo tho demand for breeding
cattlo Is showing a steady Increase,
Mare and Foal.
stcr, goncrally a whtto man who Is
used to tho dally handling of horses
Tho writer visited that section twe
jours ago this month nnd while tin
guest of a well-known horao breeder,
snw four full-blooded Pcrcheroni
working to n mnuuro sproador, a nlno
yonr-old-mnro under tho saddle, i
throo-ycarrold-stalllon In tho off-toad
and a young mnro under tho lino.
Tho nvorngo weight of theso splon
did hpraca was about 1,800 pound
each, but tho romarkablo part ot tin
business wn that thoso two young
?!goroiiB stallions wore working qulot
ly with mnres. Their teamster had
thom under perfect control, but thoy
had boon worked tho sumo ns two
year-olds and hnd becomo used to
farm labor by degrees.
Of course, ndvlco la cheap nnd tho
farmors get lots of It and In this mat-
tor of working colts nnd green horcos
in mo Bummer umo moy mwo nuiu
It all fitting on tho harness, scraping
tho collars at night, wnshlng off tho
shoulders nnd sparing tho lash.
I havo only to say this, and I speak
from oxporlcnco: If tho farmer don't
go easy with tho throo and four-year
olds at this Benson thoy will bo old
and alugglBh long boforo tholr tlmo,
GIVE MILK COW
GOOD TREATMENT
Animal Should XIavo Access tc
Rock Suit nt All TimoB
Should Not bo Hurried
by Doz or Horso.
A small quantity of barrol Bnlt
should bo given tho cow onco or twlco
a week; and sho should hnvo constant
nccess to rock Bait, cither In tho yard
or posturo.
In going to and from tho pasturosr
the cows should havo tho uso of a good
wide, lane, so that thoy may not bo
hooked nnd Jnmmod about. Do not hur
ry them with a dog or horso. If the
floors of tho barn aro of cement, n
small qunntlty of sand should bo
sprinkled on tho floor boforo tho cows
nro turned out or nllowod to como in.
This will prevent thom from slipping.
Caro should bo exorcised, whon thoy
nro running togothor, that heavy cows
do not rldo tho young holfera whon
tho lnttor aro In season. Holfera aro
frequently Injured for llfo by this
trcatmont; broken-down rumps being
rnther common In como hords.
and Illinois, Indiana, Michigan nnd
Ohio farmors ure buying thousands of
good broedlng cows, paying ns high
as $50 per head, or moro than killers'
will oltor. Farthormoro, west of tho
MJssourl river, tn tho former rango
country, now fnrmor8 hnvo fenced In
tho lands and aro In tho market look
ing for puro-brod bulls In somo In
stances, although most of tho demand
now Is for cheap bulls. Tho Illustra
tion shows Shamrock II., grnnd cham
pion steer, at the recent International
Llvo Stock show.
Timothy Hay.
Timothy hay, when fed alone, Ib n
very poor ration for any animal, but It
Is much worse for a growing ono. It
will fill, but ho who feeds it will not
get best results.
' 13
Dlask-headed and rose-breasted orosbeaks. (Upper flflure, black-headed
grosbeaks, male and female; lower figure, rote-breasted grosbeaks, male
and female.)
(Uy W. T. M'ATEH. Assistant. nioloRlcal
Survey, United Btaten Department
of Aorlculturo.) '
Snvon kinds of finches, commonly
known ns grosbeaks, summor within
our boundaries. Tho majority ot tnoso
nro K00(1 fr0ndB of tho farmor, nnd de-
servo to bo widely known In ordor
thnt their sorvlcoB mny bo appreciated,
Tho grosbeaks aro easily distinguished
from other Hnches by tholr stout form,
bright plumngo, masslvo bills, ana
melodious voices. Two of thom llvo
mainly In cold mountainous areas, and
having llttlo to do with farms or wltn
tho Insects thnt prdy on crops, may
bo dismissed without furthor notlco.
Tho other flvo llvo largely In agrlqul-
turnl regions and secure moBt of thoir
food about cultivated lands. All ot
thom food to some extent upon crops,
but only ono does appreciable harm,
On tho other hand, all perform invni-
uablo sorvlco In dostroylng cortain or
our worBt Insect posts.
Tho rosobreast has an extensive
rango, breeding In Kansas and tho
mountains of TennosBoo north to now-
foundlaud and tho Great Slavo lako
reclon. It oats somo green poaB, anu
Is charged with Injuring orchards,
both by budding and by eating tha
fruit. Our investigations lond no sup-
nort to tho latter accusation, and, al-
though tho birds oat pons, thoy Invarl-
ably consumo onough injurious Insects
to moro than offset tho damage
Tho foBobroaBt has long boon hold
In high esteem becauso ot lta habit of
proylng upon tho Colorado potato
beetle nnd tho namo potato-bug bird
suggosts Ha Important aorvicos in
this direction. Larvao, as well as
adult bcotlcs, aro consumod, nnd a
Kroat many aro fed to nestlings. No
less than a tenth taVtho total food ot
tho rosobreast oxamlnod conslBts ot
nninto beetles ovldotico that tho bird
In ono of tho most Important oncraloB
of tho poBt. Its services In dovqurlng
other ox-ceedlngly hnrmtul insocts aro
Bcnrcolv loss valuable. It vigorously
attacks cucumber bootlos una many or
iho scale InscclB. It proved an act-
tlvo enemy of tho Rocky Mountain lo-
enst durlnc that lnBecfB ruinous in
vasion, and among tho othor pdBts it
consumcB are tho spring and fall can.
Itnrwnrms. orchard nnd forest tont
aatorplllars, tussock, gipsy, and brown-
tall moths, nlum curcullo, army worm,
and chinch bug. In fact, not ono ot our
birds has a hotter rocord, Tho roso
breast nttacka tho worst enemies of
ngrlcultnro, making thom its favorlts
proy, and tlmo aftor tlmo it nas ron
dorod vnluablo aid In checking thoU
destructive Infestations,
Tho black-hcadod groflboak ranges
from Southorn Moxlco to Urttlsh Co
lumbla, North Dakota, and Nobraaka.
It fills tho samo placo In tljo west that
tho rosobreast does in tho oast, and
economically Is fully as Important.
, f it. rnniTo ii ia ,iir,.ntivn
to early fruit and nttacks-also groon
proper precautions such losses may bo
minimized or nltogothor provontou,
thoy should not ho given too much
weight in cntimntlng tho value of tho
m-,i minn,i nf imlne rpcarded ns
U"M' " '
in onomy by western orchnrdlsts. the
blackhead should bo ostoemed ns n
friend, ulnco It Is a foo to tho worst
nnHiB of horticulture tho scalo In-
iCCtB which composo a fourth of Its
i
food. Tho black ollvo scalo nlono con
itltutcs a fifth of tho bird's subsist
biico, and tho frostod scalo and aprl
:ot Bcalo, or European fruit Lccanlum,
also aro destroyed. In Mny consldor-
lblo numbors of cankerworms and cod
ling moths aro eaton, and almost
sixth ot tho bird's Bensonnl food con
slats ot flower booties, which do lncal
ulablo damage to cultivated flowers
and, to rlpo fruit, For each quart ol
rrult consumed by tho black-hoaaod
gosboak It destroys In actual bulk
tnorn than nun and a half auarti
0f black ollyo Bcalea, ono quart ot flow.
or booties, bosldos n gonorous quan
tltv of coddling moth nunao and can-
korworms,
So effectively doos It fight
thodo posts that tho necessity for
its preservation lo obvious, whlto mosl
0f Us Injury to fruit la prevent
able.
a permanent drinking and bathing
piaco on tho farm and In tho garden la
to bo numbered among tho most 'po
tent attractions for blrdH, and with t
mtlo Ingenuity ono can bo prepared Is
almost any locality. Wlntor feeding
Uorvea to attract the cardinal, which rel
luhos corn, sunflower, nnd other sood
and takes kindly oven to tablo scraps
if particular premlsos provo congonlal
n8 a wlntor home, thebird Is llkoly to
pr0for thom in Bummer.
No offort to attract tho grosboaki
win succeed, however, uuloss protoo-
tlon Ib assured. Grosbeaks aro alroady
nrotcctod by law In practically oven
Btato, but, slnco tho mnchlnory fot
ho onforcomont of tho law Is ofton In-
offoctlvo, statutory protection must bt
supplemented by Individual action, pan
tlcularly under tho trespass lawn.
such action has Ions: boon taken Ib
behalf of gamo birds, and tho wlso
landholder will tako oqunl precautions
to nreservo tho Btnallor insoctlvoroui
anodes which ho is so fortunato as to
havo as tenants. Shooting and noat
robbing must, of courso, bo barred,
Squirrels, whon nllowod to becomo too
numorous, destroy many eggs and
young, but In tho sottlod districts thn
worst onomy ot blrda Ib the prowling
cnt.
Prosont Investigations prove thnt
(ho services of grosboaka In destroying
lnsoct posts aro Invaluable. Each kind
pays special attention to cortain pests
which it unohockod would cause enor-
mous Iossos. Few or our birds are
to bo crcdltod with moro good and
with fowor ovll dooda than tno gros
boaks, and nono moro clonrly deserve
protection by tho practical farmer.
ALFALFA LAYS
ON MOST FAT
WltatKlnd of Forage Will Produce
Largest Amount of Weljjht
la Hons la Difficult
Problem, , .
(ny j. n. WAaaoNEn.)
A Kentucky farmor who koopa about
100 hogs on hlu farm ovory yoar asks:
"What kind ot forago will produce tho
most fat?"
This Ib rather a difficult question
and will depond upon tho tlmo ot year
anl quality of forago. but whon con.
Bldorod from a fat producing stand-
point, wo would feel safe In making
Blvo tho best results for producing
UUk ""i; '
' ei oruKo wo vuum y uuu.
Tho whole question doponds upon
tho locality, but with any kind of
I ..i. U -..111
"ok pnamro it wmi vi
eraln foed to harden tho moat and
Blvo it a moro doslrablo flavor. Thoro
Is nothing that will produce as rapid
gain In hogs as alfalfa and corn.
Castrate the Grade Bucks.
Tho grade buck lambs should ba
enstrated early In tho season. Only
lambs of puro blood and superior
- quality should bo saved for brooding
a purposes. Now blood should bo add-
- cd to tho flock by buying Btook rnma
- of puro blood from reputable breed-
ora.