PROBLEM OF WATER
Few Farms Provided by Nature
With Exact Amount Needed.
It Will Be Found There U Often Too
Much or Too Little Only Remedy
Is to Drain tlie Land Gravity
8ystem Most Favored.
There In hardly a farm any whoro
tvlllAh la tirnvlfYnrl v rtntui-n with IlialV
llif exact amount of water for tho
production of tho moat satisfactory
crop. Thoro Is Just as ofton too much
na thcro Is too llttlo water; moreover,
at iuues of tho year when tho precipi
tation Is nt its maximum tho water
bench rises in tho soli until it actually
drowrfc out and destroys tho vegeta
tion Jt Is supposed to feed; tho only
way to euro this Is to drain tho land
eo nti to draw tho level of wator down
to a point whoro It will do no damage.
This work Is dono either by ditches
or piping and caro must bo taken not
to draw tho water off too much. Dif
ferent crops roqulro of courBo differ
ent amounts of water, but as a general
proposition tho water should not ho
drawn any lower so tho roots of plants
nro ablo to roaph It and draw It up
for their nourishment, says tho Irriga
tion Ago. Such drainage water should
bo mado uso of again for land lying
at a lower elevation as It has many
rich salts In solution necessary for
plant food which it took up wliilo
standing In the soil: thus tho wator
drained from ono farm may bo used
to Irrigate and enrich another farm.
A gravity system of drainage is nat
urally profcrablo as its operation cost
Is practically nothing. There are how
ever, localities where there is no nat
ural drainage and In such case the sur
plus water must bo pumped. In Buch
case tho cost of pumping must bo con
sidered, and if it can bo workod so as
to Btoro tho water In n reservoir so
na to uso It when tho ground needs
irrigation the pumps are doing doublo
duty as their work in draining the
land Is tho first stop toward irriga
tion as well.
It may bo truly Bald that the arts of
Irrigation and dralnago are just now
"beginning to be developed, and that
tho next docado will seo ti tremen
dous advance in this direction.
Tho timo will como when all tho
land that can bo Irrigated by a gravity
plan will havo boon taken up, and thon
tho reclamation of furthor land will
necessarily depend on tho ability of
raising wator from tho deep. This
will also includo such lands as are
now watered by artesian wolls which
dollvor water under a head at present,
but the timo will como when tho
pressure diminishes and that water
will also havo to be pumped. Tho Ques
tion whether it will pay to irrigato
land by pumping tho nccossary water
will depend on a good many circum
stances which should bo carefully con
sidered. As a general proposition tho
government should bo flrf.t consulted
regarding tho goologlcal formation,
quantity and quality of ground water
supply In tho region under considera
tion, next tho condition of tho soil
should be established, which is best
dono by taking samples at different lo
calltles and depths and havo them an
alyzed in tho various experiment sta
tions. From this information an ap
proximate estimate of tho cost of
pumping can bo mado. But tho propo
sition is always ono of more or less
uncertainty, as no ono can definitely
etato whether a Bubterranean water
supply is permanent, like an under
ground river, or whothor It Is Just a
pocket. For this roason tho govern
ment should dovoto more work and
money to tho establishment of hy
draulic information in tho various
states, especially in tho arid and semi
arid regions.
Soda for Fowls.
Thore is nothing better than soda
for fowls whoso droppings nro not in
tho normal condition. This soda water
1s mado as follows: Uso threo heap-Ing-toaspoonfuls
of soda (bicarbonate)
to ono pint of water. , Sliako woll.
TJoao, toaopoonful to each afflicted
fowl. Follow with a one-grain quinine
pill each night for threo nights in
succession.
' Remove Dirt From Eon.
Any dirt on the egg when It is col
lected should bo nt onco removed by
moans of a dry cloth, or, If that meth
od fails, a slightly dampened but not
wot cloth may bo used. Do not wash
hen eggs or put them in wator, nor
uso any chemical to remove tho dirt.
1 Danger for Young Trees.
Tho greatest danger the young,
nowly sot fruit trees will oncounter
is tho scalding effect of tho midsum
mer sun and the weakening of Its
vitality by tho drying of tbo earth
about its roots.
1 Damage by Insects.
' Loss through insect ravages for one
year in tho United States has been
found to bo represented by tlio enor
mous sum of $800,000,000, nearly ono
ninth of tho total output.
i Potato Manure.
Long Island experiment station re
ports that with wood nshes and well
rottod manure used for threo years,
smooth, even and largo potatoes wero
produced that had a lino flavor.
Plumping Dressed Fowl.
A dressed fowl may bo plumped .ip
by first dipping it into water closo to
tho boiling point for a few seconds,
and then immediately afterward in
cold water. Hang in a cool placo.
LATE IRRIGATION IN ORCHARD
Caro Must Be Exercised That Trees
Go Into Wlntv Quartern With
Plenty of Water.
The gonorat practice of dlscon'tia
ulng tho watering of tho orchard In
midsummer for tho purposo of allow
ing tho trees to mnluro wood growth
and color tho fruit, gcnprnlly calli
for a lata fall Irrigation. This ma;
bo applied any timo nfter tho mlddls
of October if tho trees havo ripened
tho young wood growth; otherwise
tbo watering had bettor bo delayed
until tho middlo of November, says
tho Denver Field and Farm. In a
bearing orchard tho water is applied
after tho last fruit is picked. In out
dry cllmato caro must bo exorcised
to bco that tho orchard goes Into
winter with plenty of inolsturo in the
soil. Evaporation from tho twlga
continues ovon through tho dormant
period and unless tho roots have ac
coss to mora raolsturo tho tops of tho
trees may freeze dry during severe
winters.
Tho amount of wntor to bo used
for this irrigation will depend much
upon tho character of tho soil. No
doubt many orchards on heavy soils
will not roqulro tho fall watering.
Still some of tho heavy soils aro do
colving and an examination will show
a very dry sub-soil. A good fall wa
tering is ono of tho most satisfactory
means of irrigating Buch soil. Evap
oration from tho surface is slow and
during tho winter tho water gradual
ly sinks to tho dry subsoil. Tho soil
should bo examined and supplied with
enough molsturo to make it cling to
gother whon pressed In tho hand, and
still crumble when broken up.
As soon as most of tho leaves havo.
fallen, tho orchard should bo plowodj
or cultivated to catch tlieso loaves for
they will help to lmprovo tho soil if
plowod undor before tho into winds
Bweep them into tho fence corners,
Somo growers still question tho wis
dom of plowing tho orchard, but many
who havo tried it pronounco It not a
success but n necessary step in tho
proper cultivation of n fruit tract in
this dry cllmato. While many grow
ors fear that tho destruction of roots
in plowing- will injuro tho trees this
Is not necessarily true. As a matter
of fact, n little root pruning by plow
ing stimulates root growth and keeps
tho roots .down whoro they belong.
Somo of our hoavy soils really
must bo plowed and tho fall of tho
year Is an excollcnt timo to do the
work. ThAplow should run deep
enough toTc-renk up tho hard under
layer formed by continual shallow
cultivation during tho growing sea
son. A light float or harrow should
follow tho plow to put tho surface In
good condition. If left too open tho
tendency is to dry out. A good
smooth and well-broken surface tends
to hold tho molsturo. Somo folks
give one surface cultivation about
mid-winter and for" this work a disc
or cultivator is employed. Orchara
soils properly cultivated before go
ing Into wlntor nro much moro eas
ily tilled tho following summer.
Keeping Poultry Runs Fresh.
Thoro is moro or loss dry weather
during tho summer, and tho runs not
infrequently become baked, and in
heavy soils moro or less filthy. Tho
man who has tho best interests of his
flock at heart will onco a week use a
hand plow in such yards and stir up
tho boII as to inako it loose nnd
fresh.
If ho docs thta nt night, tho next
morning tho fojPs will get at work,
scratching, hunting worms and stir
ring things generally. It is wonderful
how much they find in this turnod
up soil that furnishes them both
amusement nnd food.
DAIRY NOTE3.
Manure Is n part of tho dairy profits.
Foul and unwholesome feeds taint
tho milk and cream.
Novor glvo cold milk to a calf un
der two months of ago.
Feed that produces tho largest flow
of milk Is tho cheapest In the end.
Barley or corn or hay will bo ap
preciated by tho cowb now In pas
ture. It is not always tho cheapest or
lowest-priced cow that gives us tho
cheapest milk.
Seo that tho cows have somo sort
of good shndo protection for tho hot,
scorching days.
Tho mnnagomcnt of tho calf during
tho first year has much to do with Its
future usefulness.
Tho monoy paid out for purchased
feeds will como back soon In tho utiles
of butter and pigs.
Weeds, such as wild onions, In the
pasture, will cause tho milk to bo un
fit for human consumption.
The milk from each cow should bo
tested about once a month during
tho wholo period of lactation.
Trying to keep tho feed bill down
nt any season will result In unsatis
factory roturns from the herd.
The silo and tho cream separator
nro two of tho dairyman's grcatet.
mediums in making maximum profits
from tho herd.
The best and cheapest way to come
into possession of a good, purebred
dairy bull is to buy a bull calf of
Bomo dairy that keeps nothing but tho
best pure-bred cowb.
Whether tho cows bo grades or
puro brcds, It Is of tho highest Im
portance In building up n dairy herd
to sccuro a pure-bred slro of out
standing dairy morlt.
It pays to purchase somo feeds for
tho cows to holp out 'tho pasturo
feeds, for tho cow that Is mado to
glvo as much milk ns possible Is the
one that will make money for you
GUARD AGAINST EVIL
Ornaments Supposed to Ward
Off Disease and Bring Luck.
4
Although Most People Profess , to
Laugh at Idea of Wearing Them '
Purely for Luok, Yet Charms
Are Popular With Many.
London. Perhaps the Instinct to
avert tho evil eyo is born in our na
tures. Civilization had lessened it to
a great extent, but In every race
we find an instinct exists. Tho wear
ing of nearly nil personal adornment
seems to havo originated in an idea
of pacifying evil doltlos.
Tho savage wears ornaments sym
bolizing tho protcctlvo powers sup
posed to bo ablo to keep away, harm
or dangor. In the) Wost Indies there
la a bean or seed which tho natives
think posscssos many valuable prop
erties. If carried In tho purso they
soy tho owner will never want for
money; If hung on a watch chain good
luck will over bo with tho wearer, but
woo betide tho man who loses his pre
cious charm. Tho East Indian leaves
a tiny corner of his embroidery unfin
ished to propttinto tho gods; tho dusky
mother calls her baby hard namoa
for fear her lovo should bring 111 for
tuno upon him.
In England superstitious country
folk tie amulets around their necks to
prevent disease. Some of the earliest
of those wero skillfully wrought by
tho pooplo who inhabited this country
thousands of years ago nnd treated
flint much tho samo ns a cameo, pro
ducing varied effects by cutting
through Into tho different layers of
color. Sovorat examples of this prac
tically lost art may be soon In tl&
museum nt Ipswich. They nro carved
to roprcsent tho heads of men and
women, birds, fishes nnd reptiles, and
aro for tho most part cloverly and
prottlly dono.
Tho fossil belcninltcs found on many
of our coasts embedded In tho rocks
wero onco thought to bo thunderbolts
and wero worn as charms by fisher
folk. Farmors in ancient times dec
orated their horses by hanging amu
lots and gypsy fetish charms among
their trappings to insuro a good hnr
vest, Thcso amulets wero frequently
associated with tho worship of tho sun
nnd woro of Egyptian, Moorish nnd
Porslan origin.
Although most people profess to
laugh at tho ldoa of wearing them
purely for luck or from superstitious
motives, yet charms nro worn Rtlll wlth
good humored toleration and, for rea
sons nono can explain, socretly favor
ed, Just in tho samo way that sobor
minded mon and women cling tena
ciously to a crooked sixpence and
tronsuno a three-penny bit with n holo
In it as omens of good luck.
A pink coral hand in Italy is sup
posed to ward off tho evil eyo and
plays Its part in ornaments. Ituby
ornaments nro Bupposod to dlsporse
ovll spirits and aro considered a pro
tection from poison nnd othor dire
evils. Emoralds banish blindness. Oar
not ornaments aro supposed to keep
ono in good health; tho sardonyx te
nures happiness. Tho sapphlro keeps
off fever. Amethysts keep off worries.
A turquoise means thnt you will never
want a friend. A four leaved clovor
in a crystal locket is a favorito charm
and Is caid to brihg good fortune nnd
long llfo to Its wearer. Jado also has
n reputation for a luck bringer.
Plan Big Auto Track.
Jorsoy City, N. J. Prominent nth
lotlc promotors from various Now Jer
Eoyt cities havo filed articles of incor
poration hero for tho "Metropolitan
Speedway association," with a capi
tal of $1,000,000. Tho company plans
to construct a stadium on tho mead
ows botween this city and Nowurk,
whoro races, exhibitions and athletic
contests- of various kinds may be
hold.
Said He Needed Bread,
Now York. A beggar wearing n
Blgn "I Need Dread" was found to
havo $04 In his pockot nnd was sent
to tho workhbuso.
Save Birds from Odd Death
Protection From Electric Lighthouses
Is Given by Government of Hol
land Provide Perches.
Tho Hoguo, Holland. Tho Dutch
government, recognizing' the utility
of birds, has long sought means to do
fond thorn from tho danger of tho
powerful lighthouses especially of the
electrically opernted "Brandarls"
light on tho island of Terschelllng
Thousands of the b'rdB annually met
their death there and a government
commission wns Appointed to Inquire
Into ways and means of stopping the
sluughter. This commission, headed
by tho noted ornithologist, J. Thysoon,
passed sovoral nights In observation
at tho Brandarls light during tho mi
grating season.
As soon as tho light shone forth
from tho tower flights of birds would
approach. Then thoy would contlnuo
to circle about like moths around n
candlo. All night they How round
and round, whilo n few flew directly
nt tho flame and wero dashed tn
death against tho glass or masonry
From what ho saw Mr. Thyssen
concluded that ho could easily devlso
a plan to help tho songsters. Ho hnd
'some largo woodon frames construct
ed providing perches for 10,000 birds
at a timo. Somo of tho frames wore
painted white nd tho othors black-
WILL ADDRESS BIG
MIlS. Elmor E. Black of Now York recently hnd tho distinction of being
tho only woman to dollver an address beforo tho universal race con
gress held in London. Mrs. Black is nu extrenioly wealthy widow nnd a
leader In Now York society, but Is doeply interested In moro serious mnt
tors. Sho Is vice-president of tho American Poaco and Arbitration League.
dishwashingTsTart
Chicago Club Women Discuss
Domestic Duties of Today.
Women Must Be Educated "Down" to
Kitchen and Standard of Domes
tic Employees Raised Let
Maid Use Piano.
Chicago. "Womon muBt ho edu
cated 'down' to tho kitchen, nnd tho
standard of domestic omployeos
raised."
This was tho verdict of prominent
Chicago Club womon, when they do
cldod that women themselves, nro to
blame for tho lack of popularity of
homo occupations.
Tho occasion was tho olovonth an
nual reciprocity mooting and anniver
sary of tho Artcrnft Instltuto nnd
Guild, nnd tho subject was "How may
our widespread interest in nrt, as a
factor in every day life, bo host em
ployed to raiso tho standard of do
mestic occupations?"
"Thoro Is Just as much art In Inun
daring n piece of lace as in drawing
tho design."
"Lot tho second maid uso the piano.
Tho dressmaker does."
"Flats and delicatessen stores havo
destroyed homo life."
"Tho llttlo thJngB In life, such ns
to seo whether tho birds would show
any proforenco for ono or the other.
Thoy wero thon adjusted around that
part of tho tower nearest tho light
Both tho government nnd tho locnl
authorities of Terscholllng then Is
sued stern regulations ngnlnst the
killing or capturing of blrdH. Their
efforts havo been crowned with com
pleto success, as appears from the
government reports Isstird by tho
minister of marine.
QUEER WAY TO GET A WIFE
v
Chicago Man Wanted Peddler's Li
cense, but Runs Into Matrimony
It Proved a Failure.
Chicago. Philip Flshmln told Judgo
Coopor how ho wus married without
knowing It. Ho wanted the marrlugo
dissolved.
Ho Hald ho Inquired of a clerk In
the county clerk'H ofllco for a peddlor'a
license With him was n young friend.
A slip of paper was handed him, he
said, and thoy were tnkon to Justico
Stncey's ofllco,
Ho told tho court ho thought ho was
swearing to something on tbo permit
when ho and tho girl said tho custom
ary "I do." Later ho found ho. had
a wifo, Thoy tried to mako tho most
of It, bo sold, but it wasn't a success.
RACE CONGRESS
washing dishes and preparing food
aro included In art as fully as paint
ing nnd sculpturing."
Thero woro othor opinions to ro
colvo favor. Incldontnlly, Mrs. D.
Harry Hammer, Mrs. F. K. UoWos
nnd sovoral othor womon, clad In fine
drossos nnd wearing costly Jowols,
not only ndmlttcd, but took prldo In
announcing that thoy woro not
strangers to household duties.
"I would rather, wash dishes thnn
embroider," said Mrs. Qeorgo Skyos.
"Even with tho widespread Interest
in nrt ns a possible lover to raise tho
standnrd of domostlo occupations, I
confess my Inability to npply tho
lover until tho dignity of nil work Is
demonstrated," said Mrs. Hammer.
"To dignify dishwashing Is difficult,
but posnlhle."
Mrs. Qeorgo P. Vosbrlnk could not
entirely ngreo with tho othors.
"8upposo you do rulso tho stand
ard," sho Bald, "what good is (hat
going to do? I would llko to know
how many womon horo would mlnglo
with tholr servants"
But Mrs. Bowob Interposed, rais
ing a warning flngor.
"Why," aho said, "Ihoro aro lcndors
In Chicago society who worked na do
mestics, nnd 1 know of n prominent
uoston woman or high standing who
used to soil cigars, and my husband
bought from hor, too."
Mrs. Qeorgo E. X'olby questioned
whether It would not bo cducntlng a
woman "up" nnd not "down" to teach
hor moro of kitchen life.
FRENCH NOW DRINKING TEA
8eems to Have Become Not Only
Fashionable, but Popular 620,
000,000 Cups Drunk In 1009.
Paris. Tea drinking In Franco
.seems to hnvo becomo not only fash
ionable, but popular. Its Increasing
voguo Is shown by tho revenue ro
turns for 1900, which show n con
sumption of 1,293 tons. Reckoning a
pinch of ton n cup, this represents
about 020,000,000 cups drunk In tho
course of the yohr.
Ten or fifteen yonrB ago ten wns
regarded In Franco ns a soml-medlcnl
concoction, to bo used to restore
fainting women. it was classed
among the mild liquids commonly
known ns "tisanes," and In tho prov
Inces, at nny rate, people who ox
pressed a liking for tea as a bovorago
woro lookod upon ns "snobs" or ec
centrics. Nowadays tho fashion has spread
all over tho country, and no hotel
would be likely to perpotrato such nn
absurdity as tho famous announce
ment, "Tous les Jours, 5 o'clock n
quartro hcuros." Tho prnctlco of giv
ing swoot wines with cakes In tho
afternoon Is now looked upon at quite
out of dato.
DoctorsSaid He Would Bie
A Filmi't Advice Shu Lift
I wish to speak of llio wonderful curt
that I hare received from your noted
Bvramp-Root, the -peat kidney and blad
der cure. Last summer I was taken with
severe pains in my back end sides. I
could not brcatha without difficulty and
was nearly wild with the desire to urinate.
Was compelled to do to every ten min
utes with tho passage of pure blood with
the urine. I tried all the different doe
tors from far and near, but they said it
was bo use to doctor ns I would die any
way, I was at the end of my rope ih
was so miserable with pain and the
thought that I must die that words can
not tell how I felt. One day a friend told
me of the wonderful help she had received
from Dr. Kilmer's Swamp-Root. She gave
me one of your pamuphlets which I read
end determined to try Swamp-Root. After
taking half a bottle I felt better. Have
now taken ten bottles and am well as I
erer was, thinks to Swamp-Root. I wish
to tell all suffering people that have kid
ney, liver or bladder trouble, that Dr. Kil
mer's Swamp-Root U the best aaedtclne oa
the market.
All persons doubting this statement caa
irrite to me and I will answer them di
rectly, Yours very truly,
CLYDE F. CAMRKER,
Rosalie, Wash.
Subscribed and swore to before me this
23rd day of July, 1009.
VERNE TOWNE, Notary Pablk,
Utl.rU
. tltf CK
HI. ,!., . T.
Prove What Swamp-Root Will De Per Yom
Send to Dr. Kilmer k Co.. Bingham
ton, N. Y., for a sample bottlo. It will
convince anyone. You will flao receive
a booklet of valuable information, telling
all about tho kidneys.and bladder. M'iien
writing, be sure and mention this paper.
For salo at all drug stores. Price fifty
cents and one-dollar.
Settled The,m.
'Tvo a sight o sons thirteen alto
gether," remarked a prosperous old
farmer, "and all of 'em's done ms
credit save the threo cldost, who
sowed wild oats at a pretty rapid rate,
and then came home and saddled my
shoulders with tho harvest.
"Well, I own I was glad to seo 'era
back, and I feasted 'em, and petted
'cm, and set 'em on their legs again,
only to see 'era skedaddle off afresh
when things had slowed down, with
all the cash they could lay hands on.
"That thereabouts sickened me, bo
I called the rest of 'em together and.
aid:
" 'There's ten of you left, and If any
of you 'ud like to follow t'other thr.ee
I won't try to stop you. But, under
stand this, though thoro may be a few
moro prodigal sons, there'll be no
moro fatted calves. I've killed the last
of 'cml'
"And," continued tho old man, tri
umphantly, "I've bad trouble wi' none,
of 'em slncel" 1
Burglar Befriended Him.
A burglar was arrested for robbing
a house up tho state some time since,
and tho next morning the victim rush
ed wildly into tho maglstrato's office.
As soon as he could got his breath to
working again he told tho official that
ho had como to seo about the pris
oner. "Glad you came down," was the all
fable response of the magistrate, "1
suppose you want to appear againBt
him."
"Woll, I guess not I" exclaimed the
victim with a glad smile. "I want to
kiss him on the brow and give him
$10. Among othor things that he stole
from tho house wus a package of love
letters that I wrpte to my wife before
wo were inarrlod."
Laundry work nt home would be
much moro satisfactory If the right
Starch woro used. In order to got tbe
desired Btlffness, It Is usually ncces
sary to use bo much atarch that the
boauty and flnoucsa of the fabric Is
hidden behind a paste of varying
thickness, which not only destroys the
nppcarnnco, but also affects the wear
ing quality of tho goods. This trou
ble can bo entirely overcome by using
Defiance Starch, as it can be applied
much more thinly becauso of Its great
er strength than other makes.
Not for Mr, Hercules.
Hercules had finished his twelfth
labor.
"That's the last!" he exclaimed. I
positively refuse to do another one!"
TIiub wo see that even Hercules
was not free from the "13" supersti
tion. ABK FOR ALLEN'S FOOT-RASH
lb AnUtapUa ponder lo snaks Into roar hoe. B
lUrei Cbrni, Ilunloni, Ingrowing NalU, HwolUn M
Bwtlng feat, lllUlem and Oallout spots, HjH
eTerTwtare,2to. Don acct pi anvubitiiuti. Sn.
pUJTHHB. Addron Allen B.Olnu tod. La Roy, Nrt".
The Humorous Hat.
"Has sho any sense of humor t"
"I don't think so. Sho can look at
hor hat without laughing." Lipplo-
cott's.
Beautiful Post Cards Free.
Bend 2a stamp for (five samples of oar
very best Gold Embossod Birthday, Flow
er and Motto Post Cards; beautiful colore
and loveliest designs. Art Powt Card CluU.
7U Jackson St., Topoka. Kan.
Romance 1b not altogether dead.
Even tho most hardened old bachelor
has n withered flower somewhere la
his possession.
Should Walk UprlQht.
A man should be upright, not have
to bo kept straight. Marcus Aureilus.
Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Byrnp for Chlldm
teathlnRi softrns tbo RUtna, red urea Inflnmmay
tlon, allaja palu, uurea wind colic, Sio a bottla
Beauty Is seldom completely satis
fying. Tho birds that sing are not th
ones that aro good to eat.
Thcro are imitations, don't be fool.
Ask for Lewis' Single Binder cigar, fie.
Watch the hobbl girl trybtg to
kip over the cabbies.