MANY EXCELLENT QUALITIES
. , . v m vi "l m TV '
?horo Is nothing llko leather.
v .
Pj)l?ht. tonmloea four foot apart each
BY COMMON POCKET GOPHER
FOUND IN BERKSHIRE, BKLLU
Don't forget to spray tho grape
4 '
Highly Recommended on Account of Good Disposition and.
vines,, i . ' u, ,
Llttlo Enemies of Fruit Grower and Fbrcctor in Soma Local
1 . ' x 1
The Ilonlcr pigeon U tho tvost bird
ities Mnko Proflta From Orchnrdlrtn; Exceedingly
UncertainSince Tlioy Work Underground
Injury Io, Concealed Preventing
Protective Measures.
XKCauoo a Juoy aru aiuu j,uu. a
Feeders Sows aro Bettetf Mothers Tlian
Averaae, Give Much Milk and s
' ' ' Raise Large, Even Litters, .
for equal) raising. ,r
Homotlnios llttor. gofiHo nithy.Mhnt
It In worsa ,thnn none.
Leftvn It to thoold lion to nlck,ou
Uio bent tiont to lay in. , '
To lmiirnvo Hvo atoek roaulros In-
tolllgonqo iinil thought. ' .
Aninntt nit (tu'arf-crnwlnir tro'os llld
Jnpnnoso mnploa stand first'
IMMENSE DAMAGE WROUGHT
w
i. n
Consult with your liolp,
Nearly ovory ono can grow phlox,
If tiosnllilo crow notntooB on.ctovor
eortj thin navoo buying fortlllaorn.
Oats In tho standard grain for tho
healthy dovoloiimont of youriir mil-
Good, clean rmia aro a delight to main,
pio honti. '
t in tho fntlonlng pon glvo tho plga
A gOoil cow ID dolilom noId, except n thoy will roadlly clean up but no
kt n high price, , , moro.
Aro ym' troubled with orowa about
your ohlnkon ynrd7
I'Vxttt very Htllo spft food niut you
-will rntflo nioro chlckii,
Many farmers no a boar of differ
ent brood of ihat of tholr uow to pro-
dUCO ft CTOHH,
Sound, hoalthy cowh onn only bo
had' by good stabling, caroful foodlnff
Clovor can bo grown nioro chonply and good water.
fhnn Mtnntliv nr fodder corn.
. .... . . . . .
Whoftf tho chicles can got nwny from
Bran nnd moat tnonl holp to Htipply It at will, plenty of boat undor tho
tho young sown with muscle nnd bono, liovor 1b a good thing.
Uv putting a llttlo flno liny lit tho Aftfe tho calf has lonrriod to drink,
ealf'H month dally nha will soon lenrn n llttlo lino hay should bo tied up in
to cut, tho pun for tho calf to nibble.
T'arfdny In next to lottuoo In winter Almost nil (lower flooda gormlnnto
nmrkotliiK-both urontahlowhon woll moro aulckly If noakod in warm
KTOWH.
One of the moat Important problems
jot tho farmer Is to food his nnlmaln
.Monomlcally. (,
Pen-owing; tools, btuI Bonding them
Ihhi dull or rusty, doosn't make tho
NHher fellow grin.
water for a fow hours boforo planting.
Do not plant trees with u bunoh of
spreading rootn, Trim them off to
I within four or flvo Inolics of tho root
stock,
Don't forget to give tho llttlo ducks
plenty of drinking water, and after
ono wook old they want it to nwlin
Young a well as old orchards should In, too,
ih plowed In tho fnll, nnd thoroughly
krrowod In the spring.
Celory nead should bo sown in n I
shallow drill and covered with just a
Itirkt spvlnkUug of flno onrth.
Ilorfles that tiro clipped dry off
fnnt at night, Vhln la bettor than
having thorn stand around In a houvy
wot coat.
A (mco lively faith in the oxlstonce
Don't CHltlvato the potatoes when and poaalbllltles of Htratna of bona
mi Ih bloom, or cowing, out, unless which would produce 300 oggs a year
you want lot of atmued little tubors, lias ueoayod,
f?g, i races of Pocket Gophers, Showing Pouches and Incisors.
(A. Qcomys; M. Cralogcomys; C. Thomomya.)
Uly DAVID B. 1,ANTZ. Aenlotant Bi
ological flurvay, Uhllod StntoB Doprl
rnont ot Asrlculluro.)
Throo groups of North American
mnmmnla aro itenornllv rocoanlzod as
cnomlos of tho fruit grower and. for-
ostor. Thoso nro pocket gophors, rab
bits, and BhorMallod Hold tnlco. Each
of thotio does enormous damago, often
amounting to thouRrtnds of dollars up
on u nluglo plantation. In somo local
Itlos thoy rnnko tho proflta from or
charding exceedingly uncertain. Of
tho throo, pookot'gophorB Inflict Ioboob
fully as gronl no thoso cauood by
olthor rabbits or field mice; and fllncsj
thoy work underground, tho injury is
concoalod, ofton until It Is too Into for
protoctlvo measures.
Pocket gophers, locally known also
na pouched ruts, salamanders, turns,
or moroly gophors, Inhabit mono than
half tho onttro torrltory of tho United
States outsldo of Alaaka nnd tho isl
and possessions. They occur through
out tho grcator part of almost every
tlnct grooves aro present, a flno
sharp ono Along tho inner margin ot
tho tooth and a largor ono near tho
mlddlo (Fig. l,a). In CratogcbmyB, a
group with somewhat limited range
on tho plnlns from mlddlo Colorado
southward into Mexico, a slnglo me
dian furrow is present (Fig. 1, b). In
tho largest group, Thomomys, inhabit
ins tho westorn half of tho United
StntoB nnd ndjncont parts of Canada
from tho great plains to tho Paclflo
ocenn, tho uppor incisor is either un
forrowod or hao a flno groove in tho
margin (Fig. 1, C). .
Tho number of spocics ef pocket
gophers 1b upward of 100 and all hnvd
nimllar food habits andtnro exceed
ingly destructive to plant lifo.
Pockot gophers do harm In many
wnys.' Thoy eat hay and pnsturo and
covor grass with earth. Thoy causa
heavy loss of hay by provontlng closoi
moving. Their burrows admit sur
faca wator and on sloping ground load
If tUr are b!hs ef worms In your
hojpi, feed eotteatraUil lye, one-half
tHKHti(nl to OAok krIhmI well mixed
In slop, er eeft feed,
M
If aweei butter hi te be wade which,
will eoHtma4 tk htgheet market
At the end of flvo to eight daya re
move the calf to a roomy, cloaiv box
stall and give a clean dry bad ot
wheat or oat straw
Tho feuding and management of'tho
young calves should be in tho bauds
Klt elmllwHM Mt begin. In tho of a competent hand and not loft to
table wkerHjM milking hi done,
fl ever the, y$ms apple tree and
Mt etf vwry water sprout with a
etMurp kMKe clo to the trunk. Do
Krly aVul they villi heal this uea-noa.
The iMrefr time to sot out, fruit
an 4cMuoua trees Is tho lattor part
f October and tlu lattor part of
March wv MrsLpart ot April, In tho
rhg.
the boys or careless help.
Many, a man has boon .surprlsod at
the oSect ot ono load of barnyard ma
nure scattered about undor a tree.
It gives now lifo and frultfulnoss.
Tha only way to mnko a profit with
poultry lu to attend cionely to busi
ness and not loavo tho feeding and
management ot tho flock to hired
help.
It l wtltnated that Colorado farm- tutrorao care must be. taken ot tha
era last year received T.500,0Q0 tor Uuy sodUnss, tor It allowod to got
imw augar oooi crop, un mcreaao or dry thoy will almost surely dlo and
t,eW,WK over tho product ot tho
fYtovHi year,
In the opinion ot many eastern
- Jfedsm, bt development ot livestock
IC kept too moist
"damp otf."
they Incline to
The great secret In successful root
culturo I clean, mellow deD soil.
iwinnei b had without the use at llietal Utttttitait. eaxly sowIi and
mU o ltge to Mly succulent early cultaw as sooa.aa tho plants
feed durlMg wlntw, caa. s dtsUactly swa. t
String a t wit "wire ovwhead t thQ A Ugb.t saadjr soil will be. rather
eow harn asd Hhh tho lantern to this bcneatsd, by -acktss It when moUU
while Mllktg Wd tdlag. It can tol a such will havo a tendency to make
ftlUI aloig frm fmt to place and 1
ml handled this way.
It ai Oft) compact &ad coasaeuily
saor retentlv ot moisture
Rhubarb U of easy ultlvatlcn. and
when one planted, th ground kept
clean, mellow and bsavlly maauxed.
will furnish a geoerQus supply of Jutey
Rua the plow twice tu etnlka tor elsht to. ta years wlthqit
removal.
: Im, Mttlag oe frut tree, or iay,
Ihe ground ahould bo deeply plowed.
thttroughly hat rowed aud thu rowa
fw th tree run out with the two-
noh row.
I A aw wlthc-Ht milk mnkca a ioor Th horso can bo made to masticate
jWolhor. Feed If nwefosary to put tho lw fwl by pntUng finely xcut hay with,
milk ftow. and you'll flud tho Invest- the graliu A rattoa ot half prairie-
went h sood ono. Koota ot ny kind. Kvma. hay and halt alfalfa will give
1 alfalfa hayk or H small grain food wlll hUmoJit as good gslna as a raUcn ot
'ork wondora,
A pt-aut wlro netting fouco fastened
Jt fltout losU sot two ami one-unit
'(eot dwn in. tho ground and eight feet
aUtU-A alono.
A Virginia man -wrttea that for
i yours he has sown a 'small patch cZ
i buckwheat tor hi hens and h says.
laiwrt make tho, best hoa fence: have ho U qulto certain that tbey thrive
)Uiava at bottom nnd ono nt toi to better aud lay mor wgs than, they
.... I .11 1 .1.1 s
iknop tho wlro, tight,
did without this grain.
Slnco tho cost ot growing; aa acre
ot roots la two or throo tku. as gxat
aa that ot growing aa acs o corn.
A Pair of Prize Winning Berkshlres.
I llko Dorkshiro hogs becauso they i
havo n good disposition, aro good look
ers nnd first-class fooders. Tho sows
aro good mothers, good mllkors and
ralso largo, oven litters ot plgn. Thoy
aro bettor hustlora than somo other
broods anU can bo fattoncd almost at
any ago. There Is nlwnys a domond
for them on tho eastern market 'and
thoy seem to mo to bo ono of tho
best bacon hogs. I also prefor the
Eorksbire breed becauso thoy seem
to be moro healthy, writes H. C. Cole
man of Turner county, South Dakota,
in tho Orange Judd Farmor.
,1 ralso all tho llttlo follows I can
which aro nrrowod during March,
April and May. I leave them with
tholr mother until thoy aro about ten
weeks old. Dy that time thoy should
be strong enough to tako care ot
thomsolvos and will eat practically
any kind of feed I give them. Dur
ing August I select the very best gilts
for breeding, also tho best boars for
trade and ship nothing but tho best.
My ialos are generally by malt
Tho brood sows aro fed throe times
a day. In the morning I glvo them a
llttlo enr corn, at noon soma oats and
In the evening moro corn. Thoy have
all tho fresh water thoy want Some
times a llttlo swill is given .them dur-
DISEASES OF
' IRISH POTATO
Bladtlcz' Apparently Becoming
Widely DlBtrltmtcd Through
out Some Parts ot United
States Causes Decay.
lag tho day. Drood sows need plontyi
ot oxcrclso during tho ontlro year.) .
My plan has always given good success.
Novel Team of Horses.
Chicago boasts of a team of horsoa,1
four big truckers, that do things that,
seom almost uncanny. To tho com
mand "Whoa I " thoy put noro pros
suro on tho collars, nnd moro speed
in tholr legs, and to the order "GId
dap!" or Gl upl" or whatevbr It, is
that tho average teamster uses to hur
ry along his steeds, they respond by
Btopplng short "It's just an idea of
my own, says mo anver oi uieau
odd beasts. "It Is really an advantage
to havo horses that act contrary to
what people expect If they aro
bagked up to a crub beside other
horses, they will not start ahead
when another drlvor yell 'Get upl' at
his horses." '
Fig. 2 Root of Apple Trse Gnawed by Poekat Gopher. Root Knots Prominent.
stato west ot tho Mississippi, and cast
lot that river la tho greater part of
Illinois, southern Wisconsin, nnd large'
aijoax lu Florida, Georgia, nnd Ala
bama. Outside tho United States$hoy
Inhabit northwest Canada northward
to Winnipeg and most ot tho Saskat
chewan Valley. '
Nino genera of this family of ro
dents aro recognized, but only three
of them occur within the Uultod
States. Those three may bo roadlly
distinguished from one another by
th grooving ot tho upper trout teeth,
la Geoinys, the group occuying tho.
Mississippi Valley and parts ot the
southeastern. United States, two dls-
BREAKING UP
BROODY HENS
Secttrc to Allow Hcr to Stay oa
3?et Amt Two or Tkcw Daya
dkxiti CoaAs Hx-ln Airy
Coot or- Pen.
Might n woll alvo tho. trouo plenty
l( room nt tho stun. Hccvvuto it you
don't thoy will havo to W out out
kter. Thirty feet nimVt la tho rlaut tho yield ot dry matter betas littt
.dUtanco (or anpla. tree, althwgh iq umrt it seems poor farm practtc to
(tint would Mt do uuy harm, abandon the. silage la tavor or roots.
T future it tho dairy luminous do-' Vow H management means In that
upon tin? quality of our prod complete or partial aoll extsaus
U ( K nad commontury ow the. Hon, which Is a condition ot th soil
dH-y bualnoa. when wo hear dealers, to vMcfc it la deficient In humus coa
and cousuumr argue that Mo t hot- ttt. op ted content, or molatur wa
ter than oAfrtaU ot the butter, that tout, or nil three, and they usually go
.d It way to tho uwkot. tothor.
Whtm the mother's: mUk oauuot bo Hood uXx ftt0 w saUal K
,ed (or her calf, try to got tho mUk ? hlshost quality nru to b
tvotu a, wr with a oat a old ua thu Mn alu' untforwly protttableherd
,vm)W &v feeding on tho bottle, aa w Only puve-bred lwrs should
h milk, of a vow lu ho oovonth or HVt Wd thwo ahould bo a-vreUUly
fcfctk ntwth o( Ver Mrlod of laota olvoted tn tnsuw prepotency, quality
itteo. U td for vry youni clf. d soundness,
(By VT. F-. PUKDOK
Conflnbae broody hens la a tight
coop -without food, or water for sev
,oral days, as pcactlcud by some, will,
ao doubt, break theo. but when they
are released from their prison the
hens are nearcf dead thaa alive and
to. no condition, to resume laying tm-mediaUly.
Yha a hoa first becomes broody It
Is better to let her sit tor a few days.
giving the heu a rest and allowing
her system to recuperate and thea
break her up.
Afttr reomlnmg on the nest two of
thre days the hen may thea be con
fined la. aa airy coop or pea, large
ecough to admit ot exercise but tree
from anytalog ot which she could.
8iaks a nest.
Feed her lightly and give her
plenty ot water.
Another good iall tor the broody
nea Is a small coop. with, a slat bot
tom tarough which, the air caa cir
culate.
A slttlngr hoa must feel the peasa-
Hon. ot warmth uudr her body whea
she la on tho neat else aho will sooa
give up tho wovk.
When confined la a coot such, as
mentioned and the coop la raised, a
Blackleg, a bacterial disease ot tho
stom and tuber ot tho potato, is ap
parently becoming widely distributed
throughout soma parts ot tho United
Statos. In most states it Is not com
mon enough to attract attention, nnd
in no region has it dona much dam-
ago, although it may becomo a serious
peat In somo Boctions.
Tho attacked plants nro usually un
thrifty, light green or oven yellow,
and undersized. The branches and
loaves havo a tondency to grow up
ward, forming a rather compact top,
often with tho young leaves purled
and folded up along tho mld-rlb.
Tho most characteristic thing about
them Is tho inky-black discoloration
of the stem, at or below tho surface
of tho ground, but frequently running
up tho stom from ono to several
inches above ground. The seed-piece
from which tho attacked plants spring
few inches from the ground tho hen Is Invariably attacked with a soft-rot,
will soon discover that It is Impos- I and tho dlseaso appears to start on
sible to Import warmth to anything tho stem at its Junction with the dls-
to tho washing ot deep gullIoB. Tholi
tunnels in dams and levees cause
many costly brooks. Thoy rula gaiS
dens and lnjulro many field crops.
Besides all this, and probably as Im
portant, is tho damngo they do to fruit
and other trees.
While the pocket gopher no doubt
exercises choice in its dlot. it Injures
nearly nil common kinds of fruit trees.
It ts said that on some parts of tho
Pacific Blopo gophers do not lnjuro tho
peach, but probably this is becauso
better-liked trees are available. It la
certain that tho gopher ot tho Mis
sissippi Valley often damages the
peach, soveroly.
Market for Live Toads.
English and French gardeners are
always in tho market for llvo toads,1
and not unfrequently as much aa $25
per hundred is paid for this insect
destroyer. It is estimated that every
tlmo a boy kilts a toad he Is destroy
ing $100 work ot stock on a farm.
infecting solution as a matter ot pre
caution.
Tho propogatlon and 6prcad of the
dlseaso probably can bo controlled
largely by the selection of seed from
Holds froo from tho disease, tho re
jection ot all seed tubers which have
wounds, cracks or decayed areas and
fronting tho remainder with corroslvo
Bublimato or formaldehyde solutions
or with formaldehyde gas as Is done
for potato scab. It Is not known,
whothor or not the dlsoase germs will
remain allvo In tho soil to Infect fa
turo crops ot potatoes, but as a pre
cautionary measure the land on which1
tha dlseaso occurs should be kept In,
grass, clover, or' cereals for as long;
a time as possible before planting It!
to potatoes again.
and the broody fever will soon abate.
Wherever the hen Is confined, how-
ovor, doa't withhold food or water
and when released Bho will be ready
to commence laying again In a short
time.
It it Is net the Intention to set them
It dont pay to let the broody hens
remain on the nests without attempt
ing to break them up.
If allowed to occupy the nests as
long as they aro disposed they will
pttea sit tor weeks and may not start
to lay again for several months.
eased Bocd tuber. Tho germs of the
disease are capable ot causing a rapid
decay ot the young tubers, and these
aro sometimes attacked also.
Tho ovldeaco thus far obtained In
dicates that blackleg Is largely dis
tributed by means ot germs carried
la wounds, cracks and decayed areas
ot seed tubers. Oa account ot the
readiness with which the organisms
aro killed by drying there Is little to
fear from sound, smooth seed stock.
but this should be treated with a dis-
Army Horses.
Capt Archibald S. Black ot London,
a former army officer, who Is visiting'
in this country for pleasure, was seeai
at a local hotel, says the Washington
Herald, and in speaking about army?
horses, he jsald: "Tho British army
on mobilisation will require 132,000
horses, and no one has the sllghtestj
idea where they ore to he found. Good,
authorities toll us that this number
ot animals of tho military age does
exist la the country. With the growth,
ot mechanical transport tho necessity
ot taking steps to secure a supply or
horses In war grows moro and moro
urgent We cannot unfortunately,
mount our cavalry on taxi cabs. We
still breed the best horses in tho
world, hut they are bought up for tho
use of foreign armies while the Brit
ish war office Is counting Its pence."
Crop of Java Coffee.
The governor general ot Nether-t
lands, India, estimate the next crop!
ot Java coffee at 4,133.000 pounds.
Soy Beans and Cow Psae for Hens.
A most Interesting investigation re
cently conducted by tho bureau ot ani
mal Industry has had tor Its object
the determination ot the palatability
ot ooy beans and cow peas as a teed
for 1ft las hens. Threo pens were
used, each receiving In addition to
their mash a grain feed composed, la
tho check ten of equal parts of
wheat and whole corn, and In the oth
er pens cow poas and soy beans la
place, of tho wheat Atter a few days
both, the cow pas and the soy beans
were eaten readily and apparently
relished. Tho hens seemed to do
qulto as weU on the cow peas or the
soy beans aa oa the ration, containing
wheat
BUNK FOR FATTENING CATTLE
Training Colts.
Tho way two colts are. trained may
make' a dlKerence ot a hundred dot
lars la. the prices ot them.
la a bulletin published somo time
ago by th United. States department
ot agriculture, some information was
given oa the subject or handling fat
tening cattle la a dry feed lot Among
the details discussed, waa that relat
ing to the feed, bunk which is shown
la the accompanying" Illustration. Tnia
bank: Is. placed oa a plank platform
1$ feet long and ft feet wide, two of
these being placed so that th
bunk rests oa the inner edge ot both.
The feed bunks themselves are 3 feet
S Inches high, 3 feet wide and IS
feet long. The3e are outside measure
ments. The uprights aro 4xt Inches,
while the rest of the material la
the hunk Is 2-inch plank. Even tho
cross pieces that are used far braces
are substantial planks.
... T '