REARRANGED BARN MADE
mBLE 3
HANDY AND COMFORTABLE
i
Additions Made From Time to Time to Old Strttetwr
rwTYP'i? n
STEARNS
X
"and before England had been snatched from
the continent by tho arms of the Boa.
Think of tho rubbish heaps of these nn.
cient cities being dug up and of thoro be
ing sifted out from tho debris tho story of
tho dally llfo of peoplo 3,000 and oven 5,000
years gone by. Think of a bundlo of lot
tors 3,000 years old that retold and in points
corroborated tho story of Palostlno whon
tho patriarchs wero still alivo. Think of
ItfSing from tho ruins of an ancient mo
tropolls the records of 7,000 years,
Tho Egyptians wero a pooplo of great
doeds, of Incredible achievements. Their
first groat structures, tho pyramids, sur
pass in magnitude tho works of thoso modern
-times. Khufu's pyramid covered thirteen acres
and was 500 feet high. Seven hundred and
rfifty Bqunre feet moro than n sovonth of
ft mile. Ovor 94,000,000 cublo foot of mate
rial quarried out, dragged to tho Nile, floated
down tho stream, draggod up to tho desert, and
Jnto place. How thoy did It cqglneors are still
puzzled to know. So closely wero theso stonds
-fitted together that in tho outside couruos, which
mow are in placo only at tho base, beneath tho
sand, the linos wero scarcely vlslblo and must
bo outlined with charcoal to bo photographed.
Scarcely less wondorful wero tho temples of
tho mighty Ramses. Tho gatoway at Luxor was
.200 foot wide and 80 feot high, and was flankod
by obelisks 82 feet high. Qeforo tho. temple at
Tunis stood a 00-foot statue of tho king. Loading
from Luxor to Karnak was a groat avenue more
than a mile and a quarter long, 80 feet wldo, and
fiankod on either sldo the entiro distance by
colossal sphinxeat IHyi,Jr00' Hall of Columns
at Karnak stands 12 columns 35 feot In. circum
ference and 60 fool high. Flankfng these nro
122 columns 27 feet in girth and 40 feel hjgb.
Crowning theso are hundred-ton architectraves.
Here stood huge obelisks 98 and 125 feot high,
one obelisk wolghed a thousand tons. In ono
city wero 14 of theso hugo monoliths. More than
3,000 years ago tho genius of man carvod theso
oyclopean blocks from the rock, transported them
for miles down stroam and across country, and
finally lifted them onto high walls or sot them
up on end, an enigma to modorn engineers.
scsxf cut mrssir
Not only aro there such outward ovldoncos of
Egypt's wealth. From tho burlnls come tho very
objects with which tho peoplo wero wont to sur
round themselves. Tho tombs of tho kings hnvo
given us tho gravo of Ioun nnd Tioua with ita
chariot, funeral sledges, mummy cases, chairs,
bedB, and Jewel box all glldod and paneled; ala
baster vases, and larder still Btorod with food.
Even tho foathor cushions have been preserved
theso 3,000 years.
Tho excavations of 1906 brought to light the
wondorful Hathor shrine with its statue of
Egypt's cow-goddess plumed aud crowned vllh
the lunar disc, trailing lotus blossoms from her
splendid bead and with tho stars of heaven gleam
ing along her form. Beneath hor kneels the In
fant king whom sho nourishes; before her stands
tho doad king whom sho protects.
Tho excavating of ancient sites is a tack that
calls for expert knowledgo, tho utmost skill, punc
tilious caro, and no small diplomacy, Often own
ejmooorQsgjnst bo placated nttf,
bought off, Iloforo monoy Is expended tho ut
most caro must be taken to insuje a profitable
site. Trfal tfenclibs and shafts must bo driven
to confirm or disprove, if possslble, expectations.
When ui last the sito soems feasible, the work
begins lH earnest.
The excavations of ancient sites la a task that
neers in tho field, has just' entered upon tho
work at Abydos. Following tho methods of scien
tific excavators, thoy are settling for a long pe
riod. A considerable tract of land has been so-
Finally Gives Farmer Convenient Stable
at Very Little Expense. .
cured, necessary buildings eroctod for tho health
of workmen and tho preservation of antiquities.
Not only aro actual remains to bo sought, but
also important historical or artlstla quostlous aro
to bo solved. Indeed, the Egyptian Exploration
MinH wnn thn first to omnloy this mothud Of
clearing old monuments r.nd of showing tho world
what thoy woro.
Such stupendous undertakings call for equip
ment on a considerable scale. Dy the courtosy
of Sir Oaston MaBporo, tho govetnmont, haB
loaned to tho Fund a light railway with equip
ment. Woyk must bo rnpld. December 1 to
April 1 marks tho working year. Evory moment
Is precious'. Evory car load must count. Evory
shovelful of earth must bo corofully slftod whor
ever there Is n poBslbillty of n find. Even a bas
ket brlgado is eoraotlmos pressed Into uso. As
soon as some apparently vnlunblo piece of lo
catod, workmen are called off, exports aro sent
In, ovory man is on guard; carefully evory inch
of soil is watched as tho Inst fow baskots of
earth aro removed. Every fragment must be
saved and laid away until everything has boon
recovered. Think of Uio disappointment when
n mognlflcont stntuo comos out headless, for ex
ample. Think of tho conjocturea ns to tho whero
aboutB of tho missing pleco and tho furoro when,
perhnps weeks nfterwnrd, tho lost Is found.
There Is nn nlr of hushed expectancy, a suppress
ed excitement horlng ovor, that koops inon up
undor the most tonBe strain under which tho
work 1b of nocosslty conducted.
America has Joined hands with tho old world
In prosecuting tho work. An Amorlcan profes
sor, Dr. Whlttcmoro, Is now with tho staff In tho
field. An American secretary, Mrs. Mario N.
Buckman, has been assigned to tho direction of
tho American office located In Tromont tomplo,
Boston. Wondorful are tho results nttalued.
Every student of history nnd literature, every
Btudent of tho Blblo Is vitally concerned In tlu
cjmXrmnthms yearly coming to light from the
Bands of KgypT-
inure m iieuu oi uuaiu. iu uu v':
trlctof Egypt Is an economic nccosilty. .Ac-
pies navo upon noouou, iriu AJiiiip uu
jjyer lost to slghF, AJrpad beautiful PJjJnt
thoheaTo7tlio first cataract, is gone. Thololl
is becoming infiltrated, nnd the stores of treas
ures, ospoclally tho papyrus mnnuscrlpts, aro be
ing ruined ovon boforo tho wators cover (he
ground ahbvT
rjumwm nwm
UNWRITTEN LAW
Traditions Which Have Almost the
Force of Statutes
There la a cIobb of unwritten law which does
not nnd cannot become written law, says Case
and Comment, because It approaches so near tho
danger lino that man daro not recognize It to tho
extont of publishing It and declaring it-as a part
of tho poBitlvo law.
It is tho unwritten law of tho Boa that a cap
tain must go down with hlB ship. Men dare not
write it Into tho contract, and nations dare not
Incorporate It In their navy or marine regulations,
yet the tyrants of tho soa know tho law, and be
llevo that to obey It betters their service, and
thoro are few Instances of Us being disregarded.
It is tho unwritten law of tho army and navy
that an officer shall not seok cover, or nt least
shall not show apprehension of danger to his por
son, In time of battle nnd in tho presence of on
listed men or common Bailors. In tho Franco
PruBsiau war nearly four thousand offlcors of tho
German army wero killod and tho great majority
of them gavo up their lives becauJb thoy believed
in this law of conduct.
In obodlenco to this law Farrngut bound him
self to the mast, Leo rode to tho head of his
charging column at the bloody angle, and Lawtoa
walked coolly In front of the lino and was shot In
the presence of his men.
Tho Inw of tho right of revolution haB been
much talked about and much written about. Every
intelligent citizen believes that ho has the right
under certnln conditions to oppose tho established
government of hlBown land nnd Join in nn effort
to establish another In Ita plnco. JuBt prior to
and during the Civil war there was much discus
Blon In this country by learned men on either
side of the right of revolution nnd tho "higher
power" nnd tho "grentor law."
Tho law Justifying ono person in the killing of
another has required the serious consideration of
evory country. Every criminal codo provldoa cer
tain punlshmonts for homicide, and many of them
graduate tho punishment with minute particular
ity, according to tho circumstances of tho killing,
bo that any ono of six crimes may be Involved In
a single tragedy. Such codes also attempt to de
fine what killing is Justifiable and what Is ox
cusablo and with their interpretation by tho
courts attempt to describe tho only conditions un
der which ono human being can kill another
The Hebrew code almost stands alone is its
,'ecognltion of man's desire to kilt and his right
to have that desiro anf that climax of nil satis
factions which comes to him who under groat
provocation nlnyn another. It la not at all Rtrango
that In his brnnch thero should be nn extended
codo of unwritten as written law, unwrltton how
and always to ho unwrltton for the reason that tho
recognition given by its embodiment In tho
statutos would be taken as a license by dishonest
men nnd would result In harm rather than good.
It is an unwritten law among tho ofneors of tho
army that If a subordinate offlcor kills a superior
officer because that ofllcor has publicly degraded
him by striking him or by other action equally
humiliating then tho court-martial will not con
vict. During the Civil war at Louisville, Ky
Gonoral Nelson said to Oenoral Davis:
"How many men hnvo you?"
Oenoral Davis roplled, "About " giving an ap
proximate number.
Nelson said, "You an army officer and say
'about!' Why don't you 'know' how many men
you have?" And with that ho struck Davis In the
face with hla glovo. Davis shot and killed him,
aud the court-martial acquitted Davis,
Doors
Door
Door
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o
O
o
o
Cow Stable.
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5
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Door
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Door
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Stable-
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Doors ',
Unssht of B&rrvSSF-t Width 55ft, ard It lHjh
A Bullt-Over Barn.
My barn la not ono of tho modern
kind, but one that hno boon built over
or added on to, as shown by tho Illus
tration, writes John Jackson of Ot
tawa county, Mich., In tho Michigan
Farmer. Tho dotted lines show tho
main building, on which additions
hnvo been built on nil four Bides.
Theso additions wero built on at diff
erent times, nnd by taking off tho
boards from tho sldos nnd ends of tho
main barn for tho additions it was
not noccssnry to purchaBo much now
luinbor. Ab I did nil tho carpontnr
work myself tho oxponso of thoso ad
ditions was comparatively Btnall, and
I now hnvo a barn that 1b vory con
venient, and ono largo onough to hold
nbout all tho hay, grain, corn foddor
and Btraw that I can rnlso. Ab tho
barn is painted rod, It compares favor
ubly In appcaranco with most barns
around tho country. A portion of tho
barn was painted whoro tho lumber
was not planed.
By putting on two good conto thoro
1b but llttlo dlfformco In tho looks of
this or tho part whoro tho lumber was
planed. Thoro aro many old barns
around tho country, that could ho en
larged by similar additions and paint
ed without nlanlnR tho lumbon which
cduIuHbo thus improved nt small ox-
ponBO. Such a barn can bo nearly ns
convonloutly arranged and by paint
ing bo mndo to look nearly aa well ns
n modern Btructuro, which would cost
moro than many fnrmora could afford
In my bttTn tho -loftB nbovo tho
horso and Bhoop stablo aro used for
hay, which Is carried to these lofts by
a carrier running the whole length ot
tho barn. The lofte above the cow
and lambing stable are used for stor
ing corn foddor In winter. The horse
stable, exclusive of the box stall, wilt
accommodate five horses. In the cow
stnblo there la room for seven cows,
and a fow calves on one end. Each
cow has a separate stall, and instead
ot being tied around tho neck a Email
chain which Id snapped Into a staple
at tho roar ot tho stall keeps each
cow in placo and gives hor porfect1
freedom to Ho down or lick ho'nself,
and my cows aro always cleau. These
stalls aro bo arranged that the cow4
cannot turn around nnd the nlllker
hnB plonty of room without being!
crowded. As my lambs aro dropped!
In February and March it is necossarr
to havo a sopnrato Btablo for this pur
pose. In this Btablo aro several small,
pons In which tho owes aro confinodj
until tho lambs got strong. Most of)
my barn floor is covered with plank,
which aro Rotting out of shnpo. Early
In spring I intend to tear outthese;
plank, lovol oft tho ground nnd put
In a solid comont floor. I have thei
gravel already drawn for this purpose
Feed for Profits.
Whon n, man has monoy Invested,
In land, In food, in cowb, In dairy mai
chlnory nnd nil or tho othor things
nocensary for tho operation ot the,
dairy farm, it la ,poor economy not to
food that extra amount from whlchj
the profits cotno.
HEREFORD BREED OF CATTLE
' r- tys?--
Tho Horoford breed of cattlo is
nniong,yjchlefbeof breeds In this
country. TJinalTeTioved to have
been first imported Into tho United
Stntt-B by Henry Clay In 1817. Thoy
nialuTo as early as tho Shorthorns
nnd aro nearly as large. Tho quality
of their meat Is ftood and thoy possess
excellent breeding qualities.
Tho ground color of tho Horoford
is a rich rod, with white fuco, logs,
WHY FARMING
NEEDS SYSTEM
Vast Amount at Cuftital Now Zn
von ted Muotllo Accounted for
and Divldonda Uuttusd
' Cuudittoua Chau6&
Tho flookkoopor cstlmntes thiU the'
capital now luvestod In tha Uni4
States amounts to fifty billions ot dol
lars, or fifty times tho amount- in
vested in tho stool Industry, which Is
tho next largest, and says;
Calculating on tho basis of tho ori
ginal valuo of hla land, tho farmor
Is making monoy. Calculated on the
current market prico at which no
could withdraw his Investment and
put ft in interest-bearing industrial
..I. i. - i i i . ...
IBUUliriUUB, HO IB lUBIUti lUUUUjr UVUIjr
tlmo tho seasons rovolvo. In many
sections ot tho country fann values
hnvo doubled, even trohlod, in tho last
generation. Land that has been
worked on tho basts calculation ot
from 6 to $20 an aero, must In the
future respond to acreage values of
from $75 to $200. The old generation
with ita obsolete methods, which has
persisted solely on the excuse of
umlurluCrtof tho body and tip of tha
tall. Tho7 JdY2. tll,olter "kin, mora
spreading horafllliflTffore curly eoata
than tho Shortfidrns. The Illustration.'
shows a prize winning Horeford steer
at tho rocont Missouri stato fair.
Malt Sprouts.
Tho feed called mall sproutfl la sln
ply barley grain sprouted in tho pro
cesses of making alcoholic beverages.
choap land or gift rnn-sT"gte'
way beforo tho now generation Xn
nowcomor, tho man who would ostnV
llsh himself uh a farmor today, has to.
fnoet tha changed conditions, nnd it
Is tO theflG conditions that the busl
noss of farming must respond. The
question of flxod capital has comb to
stay. Wo aro not yot out bt Our first
generations as farmers on a grand
scnlo. This first, gonoratlon Is taking
its hand from tho plow, and those,
whO follow tho ploneors, either
ihrftugft; deed ot sale or probate, must
horenfter reckon Interest on Invest
ment its Ah' actual (torn ot cost Farm
ing as an Industry is in its transi
tional stage, nnd It Is (6 moot the
now conditions In a businesslike way
that exports have been giving their
attention to tho quostlon ot devising
a system ot cost accounting for tha
furmer,
Pullet Egns.
It Is often stated that pullet eggf.
aro loss unsuitable for hatching than
thoso from old honB, but Professor At
wood has not found this to be the
case, capoclally after tho pullets have
begun to lay freely. Usually the first
few and the lost few eggs of a clutch
are less fertile than the Intervening
ones.
