He.
Poultry prefer light hous6o.
Ho careful of. your feed with all
stock.
EASTERN MAN'S CONVENIENT
COLD FRAME GREENHOUSE
Dralnago Is a necessary foundation
for a good road,
Gapes can bo cured by fumigating
tho chicken with sulphur.
Permanent Structure Is Believed to Be Better for Growers
. in North TIimti OMInai'v Frames New Yorker
Tells How to Erect One.
SELF-FEEDERS SAVE HAY
AND CONSIDERABLE LABOR
According to Tests Made at Colorado Experiment Station
Fully. 20 Per Cent, of Feed Is Wasted toy
Old Method of Feeding.
IP I .1.1. I.,I..,L.II I M III I Ml I .1.
' Remove tho orchard litter.
i
' Sweet clover Is very drouth-resist-Ins.
Tlan.for on orchnrd this year1, if you
haven't got ono.
tf
"Tho'cowla tho final judge as to
tho real worth ot allege.
Hyo Btraw la of very llttlo use on
tho farm oxcopt for bedding.
A cow' should bo dried off for a few
weeks boforo tho calving period.
.Keeping rocords of tho cowb Is oft
entimes tho first stop toward success.
' During tho aummor months poultry
conaumo a largo amount of green for
age. 'Chickens " nro always considered
moro or loss of a side lino on tho
farm.
Plenty of outdoor exerclso and
fresh air will lnsuro a crop" of vigor
' ous lambs '
Regularity In milking holps tho flpw
during tho present and all subaoquont
lactation periods. ,
flood drainage to n cow stablo Is ab
solutely necessary, nnd a ccmont floor
servos this end to good advnntago.
Keep your- chloka on dry ground,
where they can get no red worma,
and they are not likely to have gapea.
Except when pigs are small, two,
feedings of warm, Sloppy feed per
day, morning and evening, la suffi
cient. The tran nest Dicks out the layers.
the best brooders, the drones and tho
unprofitable hens as well aa tho egg
eaters.
. The season has arrived whon form-
era and gardoners should Uegin testing
seeds to determine tholr power of ger
mination.
Thero will bo no danger of whlto
Rpecks, or black spooks cither, In tho
butter If the cream Is strained Into
the churn,
The ftoonor anyone gota rid of "cull"
Block the better, and when a favorablo
opportunity comes It Is woll to take
advanUgo ot it.
A cow that Is run down or hldo-
bound, the result of faulty dlgostlon
and assimilation, needs a tonic to
build up her blood,
Many of the troubles experienced at
lambing time are aro result of rough
handling and treatment during the
period of pregnancy.
' Tho farmer's family Is fortunnto In
having an abundance ot good food at
all seasons of the year, but this Is
especially true In the wlntor.
1 Every farmer can havo plenty of !
eggs and chickens for hlmBelf and for
market It he will only turn a llttlo of
his energy toward tho hen house.
Are there not some places about tho
farm whero evergreens ' ought to bo
piaster T Thoy make a splondld wind-
&reK about the barns and yards.
' In hauling manure, Ice, wood or oth
er slow worn auout too farm whore a
team stands a good shnro of tho tlrao
the ubo of blaukotu Is to be recom
mended.
You, must keop track of your hens
and, know what thoy aro doing It you
are' going to keep them nt nil, and
, tuen,you can havo as large a flock ns
you. can manage.
Thoro Is no dangor ot cattlo 'chok
ing on shredded fodder. Thoy chew
It the sumo ns hay boforo they at
tempt to swallow It and .It goes down
their throats as easily.
Borne ono who has not been asleep
all the time during recent yenrB has
said: "Cement and alfalfa aro going
to niRko western farmers tho most
, Independent people on earth."
"Defore tho appearance of blossoms
audi foliage, spray for solt Bcalo mid
like Insects with tho llmo-sulphur
wash or kerosene emulsion. No fruit
grower can oxpoct to havo clean,
neauny ireos uniesa uo uses sprays
and washes.
Given plenty ot good roughage and
a light grain ration ot wholesome
farm feed supplemented with a little
ell and some root crops or corn en
silage for succulence the ewes should
thwi be la idMl Seen coudltlon
ktHblsg time.
Select your cockcrols to overcome
tho shortcomings of your hens.
linked potatoos occasionally fed to
tho chicks aro relished by them.
Dutter fat Booms to absorb ' more
molsturo whon comparatively warm.
Many growors think there Is moro
monoy In raspborrlea than strawber
ries. Sunshlno Is a great purifier; allow
It froo access In tho barn whonovor
possible.
Milk Is vory susqoptlblo to filth and
dlscaoo,. and caro must, be exercised
In handling It.
Tho cow that does not yield a .profit
nt tho pall cats just about as much as
tho c,ow that does,
Don't plant any flowers In straight
rows oxcopt hollyhock's or' sunflowers,
or plants for borders.
Tho ono cry against tho general
prnctlco of dairy farming Is that It
requires too much labor.
Tho woll ventilated barn will bo'
moro corofortablo on tho coldest day
than ono poorly ventilated.
Twenty acres of corn put Into tho
silo is worth moro In feeding a dairy
herd than 30 ncrcs In tho crib.
Don't forget about tho llco (hose
days, whon tho hens aro shut up a '
good part ot tho day and night.
There lp n best tcmpcrnturo for each
Individual lot of cream, but this can
bo dotormlned only by experience.
If tho man who has no silo would
watch his nolghbor feed and watch
the results ho would soon havo ono.
Do not ncgloct to ubo those days
when the ground Is frozen hard to
dress the land liberally with manure.
A hill of potatoes stripped by bugs,
or on wheh tho leaves are Injured by
blight, cannot give a satisfactory
yield.
Whitewashing or painting tho In
terior of the cow stable Is advisable
and does not bring a burden upon the
dairyman.
piaco no rollanco in tho theory that
broods contamlnato by Blmpfy Booing a
different variety on tho other sldo of
tho fonco.
Unless tho dairy farmer really
knows a go6d dairy cow when ho sees
ono, ho should not attempt to build
up ix dairy herd.
There Is a tradition that cows will
do bettor in warm woather than In
cold wpnther, but exporlenco has dis
proved this fact.
Tho boat way to food Btraw to
horsos and mules at work Is to re
duco It to chaff1 nnd mix It with mid
dlings and corn chop.
No animal suffers moro readily from
Intenso cold In tho winter or mora.
severely from lntonse heat In tho
summer than tho hog,
Get ahead ot tho season In all gar
den work. By and by tho rush of
othor things will como nnd a part of
this work may be neglected.
Plant strawberries as soon as the
soaBon will allow. Next year's crop
deponds upon tho start inado this sea
son, so 8trawborry growors say.
To seed down a vcgotablo garden
after tho oarth has been worked,
fined and raked thoroughly, tho first
needful thing Is to level the ground.
Tho tlmo will soon be here when we
shall need seed corn for planting. It
Is always well to make a selection
and havo all things ready before plant
ing tlmo.
Tho cow freshening In tho spring
will prodttco n maximum flow ot milk
during tho first couple of Bprlng
months bocauso of tho Ideal condi
tions of tho pastures,
It perenns, nouses anu coops nro
thoroughly treated now with a good
mlto dostroyer thoro will bo no dan
gor of tholr making any further trou
ble until next summer.
Stables should bo cleaned carefully
dally, and disinfected thoroughly nt
leat twice during tho wlntor season,
and always after n case ot dlsoaso
among tho animals In tho stablo.
Don't forget tho machinery, tho tools
and Implements that may need a llttlo
tinkering with hero and
thoro to
bo put Into good working order, so
that thoy may bo ready, at tho first
call ot tho now soaaon and not cause
you dolay.
It is advisable to gain tho bull's
confidence and let htm know that you
aro his friend. Do kind, but firm, ami
always make tho bull keep his place.
Never take any chances, by getting
at I careless, and never fight ft bull unless
you want trouble,
v . 1 . ? r
New York Growers' Convenient Cold Frame.
Somo of your readers may bo Inter
ested In our method of building a per
manent cold framo, which wo bollovo
Is bettor for growors In tho north
than tho ordinary frnmca, It might
bo termed n cold greenhouse Wo use
plants that must bo started and grown
boforo danger ot considerable buow
and cold Is past and handling Bash on
tho ordinary frames under such con
ditions 1b hard work.
Last foil wo built two cold frames,
10x80 feet, nnd wo would not change
to snsh ngaln for a considerable sum.
. .11. V. .v., 11 11 VI . n 1. vuv. I'kUl.u.l VI V
this cold frame houso. Tho beds aro
put whero tho plants can bo easily set
nnd the air IncloBed is of so large a
volume that a conslderablo degree of
frost can bo suffered without danger
to tho plants. In oxtremo cold weath
er wo used straw for a cover. Wo
will build two moro frames ltko this
tho coming spring, wrltos II. P. Lang
don of Constable, N. Y., In tho Week
ly Market Growers' Journal.
In making tho frame wo dug tho
trench wldo enough to set two rows of
cedar pickets, threo feet apart In tho
row. Wo sot those pIckotB bo that
the trench was two feet wldo and
nbout threo feet deep. Wo boarded
them up ore, tho autsldo and made the
beds ns shown In sketch, four feet
wldo on either sldo of trench. Then
wo drove a row ot short pickets nt
tho outsldo edgo of each bed and
hoarded these up on tho Inside. We
banked up earth on tho outsldo to a
2x4 plato, which was - nailed to the
SATISFACTORY
As tho result of our rotcrenco to tho
machine shod In a recent lssuo, W. II.
Dunning Bonds In his plan, says tho
Orango Judd Farmer. Selecting a
woll-drnlnod spot with a south front,
tho bCBt Bhlngles that could be pro
cured wore uBod tor the root ot tho
shed and tho Bides nro shlplap up and
down, which will paint, Tho front Ib
all doors and no Bill to lift over. Thoro
Is only ono hlngo door, tho hinges be
ing eet In enough so that tho roller
doors will pass on a track nailed on to
PROPER TIME
i FOR PRUNING
Apple Trees May be Treated Aay
Time From Late Fall Until
Spring Cure Is ot Ut
most Importance.
ny rt. a. weathehstonb.)
Apple troes may bo pruned any tlmo
from Into In tho fall until spring. Caro
should bo exercised In pruning to glvo
tho troos nn opon hoad. This does not
Imply that all Bmnll limbs should bo
removed, leaving n lot ot whlpstocks,
but thut such of the largor limbs that
aro parallel and closo togothor, or
those that cruris, should bo cut out.
Half ot tho difficulty ot pruning ' Is
avoided It ono decided to allow tho
treo to tako its natural turn rathor
than to Blmpo It to somo particular
model.
Too many fruit growers think that
nrunlng a treo shortens its llfo, Thoro
Is little reason for such n boiler otnor
than tho general statement that it Is
unnatural to prune a tree. Howovor,
nature prunes moro heavily than men
and at all soasons and in the rudest
manner, Dy this it should not be un
deratood that care Is not necessary in
the mechanical operation of pruning,
It Is Important that large limbs be re
y'i,fuK
'j '
1
i
l
51
Sotl
i
if
i
pickets. Wo then put up'sash bars to
mako tho walk in tho trench 7 feet
in tho clear.
Tho bars wero set at distances apart
to suit tho glass used. Wo used but-,
ted glass, 10x14, act up nnd down.
Tho barB wero grooved one-sixteenth
of an Inch deep and three-eighths bt,
an inch wide nnd set far enough apart
to allow ono-ulxteenth of nn inch full
for sldo piny of glass. Tho glass was
fastened by ordinary lath put on with
ono-lnch fine nails.
Tho ventilators wore made of bar
material, four lights each, hinged to
tho rldgo flvo bars apart on tho eaBt
side. On tho west sldo thero aro flvo
ventilators full length from rldgo to
plate, two bars wldo and hinged to tho
rldgo. In tho north end wo mado n
door above ground loyol nnd nnothor
door full depth in the south end, Just
tho width of the alloy with two steps
leading down to It. All the pickets
wore set very firmly with bar and
ledgo to prevent spreading.
If one Is handy with tools this cold
frnmo can bo mado at home with tho
exception of tho sash bars. Especially
for tho north it Is much superior to
any cold framo in comfort and sav
ing of work in handling sash. Tho
plants can bo set In cold, rainy or
windy weather. This is often desir
able whon tho work Is rushing. It Is
woll to cover tho plato with a strip
ot roofing paper beforo tho bars aro
put on. Tho houso should stand
north and south.
MACHINE SHED
v. a
tho 2x8 plnte boforo tho roof Is put
on. Uso as short a roller aa possible
so It will roll undor tho eaves. Thero
aro only two posts in tho, conter.
After passing tho door thero is a
spaco 10x24 feet so that it Is not nee
ossary to movo everything to got what
Is wantod. Tho heavy machinery will
go through tho ten-foot door and can
bo tnkon in and out with' a team. This
shod may bo built longer and tho same
kind ot doors used without more hlngo
doors
moved with great caro nnd tho wounds
palntod to prevent the ontranco ot
fungi which will lnduco decay.
Avoid all crotches that will have a
tendency to spilt down or break when
tho troes become loaded with heavy
fruits or Bleot and lco. If bad crotchos
cannot bo avoldod thoy should bo
strengthened with iron bolts to Pre
vent tuom front breaking nnd ruining
tho treo.
Drilled Grain.
uriuca grnin win yiom rrom one-
fifth to one-fourth moro crop than tho
hand-sown. Tho drill doposlts tho
seed In tho soil at n uniform depth
nnd this cannot bo done by hand sow
ing. When sown by hand many seods
fall In depressions and are covered too
deeply by tho hnrrow while others
aro loft on top of tho ground and are
not covered at all. Tho rollor should
follow tho drill.
Good Lies Killer.
A good liquid llco killer Is mado by
dissolving in ordinary kerosono all the
crude impthallno flakes It will tako up.
Tho solution Is an excellent disin
fectant for ubo about poultry houses,
as well as n llco killer. Used on tho
dropping boards and roosts, It will de
stroy and prevent red mites, and will
also kill disease germs and seeds of
worms and other parasites.
Self-feeder racks for supplying
Youghago' to sheep, or cattlo nro not
only.tbo moans ot saving conslderablo
labor, but, according to tests made at
tho Colorado experiment station, aro
tho means of saving a 'great deal ot
hay. Ono lot of lambs at this station
were fed whole bay in a self-feeder
rack and another lot wholo hay n
racks on tho ground, such as aro in
common uso In many sections ot tho
country. Tho averago gain of theso
two lots was practically the same,
tho lot focdlng from tho self-feeder
averaging only ono pound heavier
than tho others, says thq American
Agriculturist. Also, tho grain con
sumed vnrlcd but little, being only
nlno pounds moro for a 100-pound
gnln In tho first lot than in tho sec
ond. Tho great Baving camo in tho
cost of roughago.
Tho lot eating from tho self-feeder
consumed 601 pounds of hay for each
-friz.
Popular Type of
100 pounds of gain and thoso eating
off tho groiyid cdnsumed 733 pounds
of hay for each 100 pounds ot gain.
This indicates a difference of prac-
RUSSIA GAINS
.IN FARMING
Prevailing Impronnlon Tliat Little
jfroscress is naae in tuat
Coun try Is Erroneous Sorloa
of Readinsa Gratis.
(By J. D. SNODaUASS.)
Tho impression generally proyalls
that, although Russia is most gen
erously favored by nature, llttlo prog
ress Is being mado in agriculture. This
Is erroneous.
As nn Illustration of tho Interest
that is being manifested along theso
lines, and as Indicative ot the pro
gressive policy that has been adopted
and is now Doing pursued, u may uo
citod that the Imperial Agricultural
museum, In Its endeavor to popular
ize tho study of agricultural subjects,
has for tho last fow years conducted
gratis, at tho musoura In St Peters
burg, a series of systematic readings
on agriculture for tho bonflt of every
lno interested. In addition to this
course, popular lectures aro delivered
and special readings conductod for
men in tho lower ranks of the army.
In tho experimental department of
tho museum the taking apart and
putting together of various niachlnory
Is demonstrated by trained mechanics
Agricultural machinery in motion Is
also demonstrated nnd tho use ot ag
ricultural implements is explained;
experiments nro also mado with all
classes of farm machinery, such as
locomobiles, winnowers, sorters, 'and
tho like. In separato departments
are demonstrated the fertilization ;of
tho fish spawn and the development
of tho chicken in the incubator.
Tho attendance at theso lectures
has been uninterruptedly Increasing
from year to year. For tho past four
years the attendanco has beon: 5.093.
ll808, 32,442, C0,346i showing great
increase:
Tho lectures aro dollvored In tho
evening from seven to nlno and on Sun
day from two to threo'p. m. Tho prac
tlcal work nnd excursions are conduct
ed by prearrnngemonts between tho
lecturers and tho students, such as
EAR MARKS FOR LIVE STOCK
RIGHT. SIDE
For tho numborlng ot pollod cattle,
sheep or swine to make identification
euro the marking of tho ear Is tho
most satisfactory method. A system
ot this sort Is necessary in keeping n
record of registered stock. Tho koy
to the numbering is as follows:
A notch tn bottom ot left ear equals
1; two notches equal 2.
A notch In top of loft ear equals 3;
two notches, 0; three notches, 9f
A notch In bottom of right ear
tically 20 per cent, in favor of tho
self-feeder racks, It makes a differ
ence of 42 cents in tho cost securing
each 1,00 pounds of grain. Theso re-,
sultB wero secured on alfalfa valued
at $5 per ton. With a higher prlco
tho difference would bo corresponding
ly greater.
Theso solf-feeding racks cost $1 por
running foot completed. They had tho
ordinary capacity of four lambs per
running foot, two on each side, not so
much spaco being required at a Belt
feeder as at an ordinary rack, slnco
nil tho lambs will not eat at one tlmo.
As already stated, tho saving In thin
ono experiment amounted to 42 cents
per 100 pounds ot gain. This Is equal
to about 14 cents on each lamb. Count
ing four lambS per running foot,' this
would mako a saving, on ono season's
operations of GG cents. In other words,
tho rack would pay for itself in two
years. It Is thought that when a typo
of self-feeder Is developed for handling
Grain Trough.
chopped hay better results may bo sc-i
curod from It than havo hitherto been
possible, by reducing tho waBto caused
by wind.
trips to exhibitions and farm In tho
suburbs, nnd oven to stockyards and
slaughter houses. "
Likewise the special classes pass
through practically everything per
taining to plnnt culture, stock raising,
poultry raising, boo culturo nnd dairy
farming,, with all that pertalnB to tho
latter, such as butter nnd cheese ma
king.
In the present scholastic season tho
courses of the systematic lectures will
embrace th6 fallowing academic sub
jects: Elomentary chemistry, element
ary anatomy, physiology ot plants,
Improvement and cultivation of thoi
soil, agricultural meterorology, agri
cultural economy, seeds, agricultural
Implements, cattlo raising, swine rals-
ing, otc.
On Sundays It is intonded to con
duct populnr public readings and lec
tures on a variety of agricultural sub
jects.
Feed for Lambs.
Tho Wyoming oxporlment station, '
after repeated trials, concludes that
corn and tho bearded or Scotch bar
ley, whon fed with alfalfa, wero about
equal in valuo for mutton production.
Barley In this test proved to bo a
shado the better. Twenty-seven per
cont less alfalfa and 28 per cent, less
grain wero required whero barloy re
placed oither in a ration. Grade lambs
with mutton sires mado greater gains,
conditions being similar, than did
Rambouillot lambs, though a record
of food consumption for eaqh class
was not kept.
Draft Horses.
Draft horses aro sultablo for rais
ing on lovel land, whllo lighter horsos
and mules are best adapted to hilly'
farms. Horses dosigned for tho sad
dle and road ubo will develop activity
and stamina on rough and hilly pas
ture land while they aro ypung. j
I Litter for Scratching.
Every month during tho wlntor son
son tho poultry buildings should bo
woll supplied with clean straw, leaves
or litter of somo kind Into which tho
feed Is thrown In tho morning to keep
tho henB busy.
equals 10; two notches equal 20.
A notch In top of right ear equals
30; two notches, CO; threo notches, 90.
A notch In end of loft oar equals
100.
A notch In end of right ear equals
200.
A hole on end of loft oar equals 400,
A bolo In end ot right oar oquals
500.
A holo in bottom of left oar equals
1,000. '
fRONT VIEW. LEFTSIDE.,