first President's first
4
O. 13," a long-lost diary In
Washington's own hand,
has at last como to light.
This unlquo Journal,
which runs from October
1, 1789, to March 10. 1790,
Is occupied with tho first
political tour mado by tho
first president. In n coach
drawn by two horsoa Washington, ac
companied by threo friends and at
tended by six servants, went through
Cbnnectlcut, Massachusetts, Main's
and parts of Now Hampshire. Ho thus
sets tho oxamplo of "swinging around
tho circle" a practlco now common In
tho United States.
"Exercised in my carrlago In tho
foronoon," begins tho diary. Then fol
lows a list of tho company "that dined
with ub today."
Here Is a peep at his homo lifer
"'Am giving Bitting to John Kamagc,
who is drawing n mlnlnture of md for
Mrs. Washington." Rnmago had a
greut voguo In tho revolutionary era.
Ho was fashion's petted and pampered
artist. Born in Ireland, ho early drift
4
Tuesday, 20th Tho president vis
ltod tho woolen mills nt Wonthorsfleld.
Ho explains: "(It) seems to bo going
on, with spirit. Tholr broadcloths aro
not of tho first quality, as yot, but
thoy nro good, as nro their coatings,
casslmores, serges and ovorlaatlngs.
Of Iho first, that is, broadcloth, I or
dered a suit, to, bo sent to mo nt Now
York and of tho latter, n whole piece,
lo mako breochos tor my sorrnnts. All
parts of this business nro porformed
at tho manufactory, except tho spin
ningthis Is dono by tho country
peoplo, who nro paid by the cut. 1
'Hartford is moro compactly built than Middle
town and contains moro souls, tho computod num
ber of which amount to nbout double. Tho number
of houses in Mlddlctown nro satd to bo GO or CO.
These, reckoning olght to tho house, would mako
2,000 at least. Tho depth of water, which vessels
can mako to tho Inst plnco, is nbout ton feet, and
Is as much as there Is ovor Saybrook bar.
"At Mlddlctown thoro is ono Episcopal church
and two Congrogationnl churches. In Hartford
there is nono of tho first and two of tho lnttcr.
Dined and drank tea at Colonel Wndsworth's, and
about 7 o'clock rccolvcd from and nnswerod ad
dress of tho town of Hartford.
"There Is a groat equality in tho peoplo of UiIb
stato. Few or no opulont mon and no poor, and
grent slmllltudo In tholr buildings tho goncral
5k
:3
V
si
y....
tf)SMN(iTON -4NP MS MVmr? HQRJt
ed Into tho British army, saw service in Canada.
Coming to Now York city, ho painted tho belles
and beaux, was lionlzod In select circles. Ram
ago's scarjot coat must havo caught Washington's
eyo. Tho artist woro a white silk waistcoat,
black satin breeches, knee buckles, whlto silk
stockings, silver shoo buckles, cocked hat, well
powdered curls and on tho Btroot cnrrlod a gold
headed cono. As a fop of tho day, when ho talked
ho o Cored a gold snuff box; you took a pinch and
vowed Itamago was a douced good follow.
Sunday, 4th Wont to St. Paul's In tho foro
noon. Monday, Sth Exorcised on horsoback bo
tween tho hours of eight and eleven, tend bo
twoon flvo and six in tho afternoon on foot.
"Had a conversation with Colonel Hamilton
on tho propriety of my making a tour through tho
tho next day "noon
halt" wns mado at
Norwalk, to feed tho
horses. "Part Is very
rough road," ho goes
on. "Tho superb land
scape, however, which
Is to be Been from tho
meeting houso of tho
latter, Is a rich rega
lia. Wo found nil tho
farmers busily en
gaged In gathering,
grinding and express
ing tho Juico of their
apples, tho crop of
whlGb, they snld, is
rather abovo modloc
rlty. Tho averago
crop of whoat, thoy
add, la about 15 bush
els to tho aero from
tholr fallow land,
often 20, and from
that to 25. Tho dostructlvo evidences oi wo
British cruelty aro yet vlslblo both In Norwlk
and Fairfield, as thero nro chimneys of many
burnt houses standing in them yot. Tho principal
export from Norwalk is horses And cattlo, salted
beef nnd pork, lumber and Indian corn to tho
West Indies, nnd In a small degree, flour and
whoat."
Saturday, 17th At sunriso wo loft Falrflold
and broakfasted at Stratford, which Is ten miles
boyond. . . . "There nro two decent-looking
churches In this place," Bays tho dlnrlst. . . .
"There is a Iwsy manufactory of duck and havo
lately turned out 400 bolts." Ho speaks of "stono'y
ground" and continues with remarks on waysldo
churches.
Onco in a whllo Washington records tho beau
ties of nature. Hero is ono of his longest notos:
miles," writes Wash
ington In Diary No.
13. Ho speaks of tho
stoney. country, "Im
menBoly. "stoney," ho
calls fitt. "Wo find,"
ho adds, "their crops
of whoat nnd ryo
havo boon abundant
though of tho first
thoy had sown rnthor
sparingly on account
of tho destruction
which had of .Jato
years booty mado in
that grain by what is
called tho Hessian
flv"
Friday, ICth fashion of which Is a chimney nltyayB of brick or
WnRhlncton tolls that Btono" nnd a door In tho middle, with a staircase
running up ny tno suio or uio latter, two nusn bio-
eastorn states during tho recess of congress, to ."But ono of tho prettiest things of'thls kind Is
acqulro knowlodgo of tho faco of tho country,
the growth of agriculture thereof."
"And tho temper and disposition of tho
people," adds Washington In his diary, "toward
tho now government who thought It a very deslr
ablo plan," ho goos on. stringing out his sen
tence, "and ho advised It, accordingly."
"Upon consulting Mr. Jay on my Intended tour
into tho eastern states, ho highly approved It,
but observod that a similar visit would bo ex
pected by tlioso of tho southern," writes tho dls1
tlngulshed diarist.
It may bo addod that Washington later mado
this trip "to tho southorn." Ho started In 1791,
wont 1,900 miles, was gono throo months, and
used tho samo span of horsos throughout tho
Journoy.
Thursday, lBth Commoncod my Journoy about
nlno o'clock for Boston, and a tour through tho
eastern states. Tho chief Justice, Mr. Jay, and
tho secretaries of tho treasury and war depart
ments, accompanied mo somo dlstanco out of tho
city. About ton It bogan to rain and continued
to do so until about qlovon, whon wo arrived at
tho houso of Mr. Hoyatt, who keeps a tavern at
KIngsbrldge, whoro we, that Is, Major Jackson,
Mr. .Lear and myBelf, with six sorvants, 'which
composod my rotinue, dined. After dinner,
through froqucnt light showers, wo proceodod
to tho tavern of a Mrs. Haviland at Ryo who
keeps a very neat and decent Inn.
Tbeso words Bhow Washington's formal stylo
admirably. Ho continues:
"The road, for tho greater part of tho way,
was vory rough and stoney, but tho land strong
and well covored with grass and a luxuriant crop
of Indian corn Intermixed with pumpkins which
woro yot ungathored in tho fields. Wo mot four
drqves of boot cattlo for tho Now York markot,
about 30 In a drovo, somo of which woro very
fino, also a largo flock of snoop for tho samo
placo. Wo scarcely 'passod a farmhouse that did
not abound ("abd" Washington writes It) In
geeso. Their cattlo soemod to bo of a good qual
ity, tholr hogs largo but rather long-loggod. No
dwelling houso is seen without a atone or brick
chimney nnd rarely any without a shlnglod roof
generally tho sldos aro of shingles also.
"The dlstanco of this day's travol was 31
at Stamford, occasioned by damming tho water
for their mills: It Is nearly 100 yards in width,
and tho wator now being of tho proper height,
and tho rays of tho sun striking on it as wo
passed, had a pretty effect upon tho foaming wa
tor as 'it fell."
Hero Is tho ontry on Now Haven: "Tho city
of Now-havon," which 'Washington writes with a
hyphen and a small "h," "ocpuplcs a' good deal of
ground, but Is thinly though regularly laid out
and built. Tho number of souls In It Is said to
bo about 4,000. Thero Is an Episcopal church and
threo Congregational meeting houses, nnd a col
lege, In which thero aro at this tlnio about 120
students, under tho auspices of Doctor Styles.
Tho harbour of tho placo Is not good for largo
i vessels abt. 10 foot belong to It. Tho llnon In
dustry does not appear to bo of so much impor
tance as I had been led to bollcvo. In a word, I
could hoar but littlo of It" . . .
Tho following day, Sunday, tho president wont
to tho Episcopal church and In the nfternoon to
tho Congrognllonal meeting houses, Ho tells of
a dinner at Brown's tavern with lieutenant gov
ernor, mayor and speaker. "Drank tea at tho
mayor's (Mr. Sherman). On further Inquiry I
find thnt thero haB been abt. (tho dlarUt leaves
a blank) yards of coarso llnnen manufactured
at this placo slnco It wns established and that a
glass factory is on foofhoro for tho manufacture
of bottles.
"Tho ofilcors of tho Continental Army oallod,"
Washington adds. "This state could, this year,
with case pay an additional 100,000 tax, over
what was paid last year."
Monday, 19th Tho noted traveler rocordB
that his coach was "under way at 0 a. m. and
breakfast, was taken 13 miles up tho road, nt
8:30." tin routo ho sees extensive hnystacks in
tho marsh lands, sandy roads, rail fences now
taking tho place of stone. "At Walllngford wo soo'
tho whlto mulborry growing, raised from tho soed i
to foed tho silkworm. Wo also saw samples ol
lUBtorlng, exceeding good, which had been manu
factured from tho cocoon raised In this town and
Bilk thread, vory flno. This, except for tho weav
ing, is tho work of privato famlllos,- without In
terference from other businesses, and is likely to
turn out a beneficial amusoincnt."
DUKE IS TO GOVERN CANADA
It is officially announced that the
duke of Connnught will succeed Enrl
Clroy In September nB governor gon
oral of Canada. Ho will hold tho ap
pointment for twp ycarB and that pe
riod may bo extended.
Tho announcement that tho dukq
of Connnught will bo tho next govern
nor goncrnl of tho Dominion was 'to
celvod in Ottawa with great satlsfac
tio'n. Asldo from his gonoral popular
ity throughout tho omplro, it is felt
that tho prcsonco of oo distinguished
a member of tho royal family at Ot
tawa will glvo tho capltul more politi
cal and floclal Jmportanco than It over
has hnd.
Tho duko of Connnught 1b tho only
surviving brother of tho Into King Ed
ward. Ho Is sixty ycarB of ago, a field
marshal In tho British army and was
a personal aid do camp to tho lato
king, who desired that ho recolvo hla
prusont nppolntmcnt. This is not his
first trln to Canada, an ho nerved In
tho Fenian raid of 1870, Ho Is grand mnstor of tho Froo Masons of England,
Besides tho tltlo by which ho 1b commonly known ho Is tho Earl of Sussex,
n prlnco of tho United Kingdom and of Snxo-Coburg and Gothn, and duko of
Saxony. His wlfo was Princess Louisa Margaret of Prussia.
Various roports havo been current from tlmo to tlmo, particularly from
Canadian Bources, that tho duko Of Connnught 'would not bo tho next gover
nor general of Canada, although on tho-original nnnouncemont of his appoint
ment, shortly after tho doath of King Edwnrd, It was oillclally stated that It
had been tho wish or tho Into king that tho duko of Connnught, his brother,
should go to Cnnuda as govornor general.
rles, with a very good show of Bash nnd Glass win
dows tho bIzo generally Is from 30 to 50 feet in
length and from 20 to 30 In width oxcluslvo of n
back shed, which seems to be addod as tho family
increases. Tho farms, by tho contiguity of tho
houses, aro small, not nvcraglng moro than 100
ncrcB. Thoy aro worked chlofly by oxen, which
havo no other food than hay, with a horso and
Bomotimcs two boforo thorn, both In plow and
cart. In tholr light lands, and In their nlolghs thoy
work horsos, but find them much moro exponslvo
thnn oxen. Springfield Is on tho cast nldo of Con
necticut rlycr; boforo you como to which n largo
branch, called Agawam, Is crossed by a bridge
It Btnnds undor tho hill on tho lntorval land, nnd
has only ono moctlug houso, 28 miles from Hart
ford. "Sot out at 7 and for tho first eight mllos, rldo
over an almost unlnhnbltablo plain, much mixed
with sand."
Saturday, 21th Dressed by 7 and sot out by 8
at 10 arrived at Cambrldgo, according to appoint
mont. But most of tho mllltla, living a littlo out
of town, woro not In lino till nftcr 11. Washing
ton's modost description of tho civic honors fol
lows: "Wo passed through tho citizens classed In
their different professions and undor tholr 'own
banners till wo camo to tho stato houso from
which across tho street an arch was thrown, In
front of which was this description:
"To tho Man Who Unltos All HoartB," and on tho
other, "To Columbia's Favorlto Son," and on tho
other side thereof, next tho stato house, In a panel
decorated with a trophy composed of tho armB of
tho Unltod States of tho commonwealth of Mas
sachusetts and our French nllleB, crowned with d
wreath of laurol, wob this Inscription: "Boston Re
lieved, March 17th, 177G." ThlB arch was hand
somoly decorated and ovor tho contor of It a can
opy was erected 20 feet high with tho American
caglo perched on tho top. After passing through
tho arch and ontorlng tho state houso at tho south
end, nnd asconding to tho upper floor nrid return
ing to a balcony nt tho north end, throe choors
woro given by a. vast concourse of peoplo who by
this tlmo had assembled at tho arch thon fol
lowed by an ode composed In honor of tho presi
dent and well sungy a band of selected slngors
after this threo choors followed by tho dlfforont
profosslons and mechanics, In tho order thoy wero
" drawn up, with tholr colors, through a lano of tho
people, which hnd thronged nbout tho arch, under
which thoy passod. , . . Tho procosslon being
ovor I was conductod to my lodgings ot a Widow
Ingersoll's (which Is a very docont nnd good houso)
by tho lloutcnnnt governor, council, accompanied
by tho vlco president, whoro thoy took lenvo of
mo."
Next day, being Sunday, Washington went to
tho Episcopal church in 'tho morning and llstoncd
to Dr. Pnrkor, and In tho afternoon ho visited tho
Congregational church.
Tho diarist also Indulges that dignity with
which tho namo of Washington Is ovor surrounded.
Tho day boforo ho oxpcctpd tho governor to wol
como him at tho public reception; had engaged to
tako dinner with him, but ns Govornor Hancock
did not appear at tho arch Washington did not
caro to dlno with him.
On Sunday tho dlBcotcorted magistrate camo
to Washington's lodgings nnd pleaded lndlsposl
tlon as an excuso for abBonco at tho arch. Wash
Ington ndds, "But as it was oxpectod that ho, tho
govornor, oxpectod to recelvo a visit from tho
president" and Washington in flno sarcasm under
scores tho word "recolvo" "ho was resolved, at
all hazards, to pay his compliments today," adds
tho president, Tho perplexed govornor noxt sent a
commlttoo to Washington. "I Informed them, In
explicit forms," records tho presldont, "that I
would not boo tho governor unless it was at my
own lodgings."
i Governor Hancock's conduct wns severely con
sured by public opinion. It was gonorally held that
Inordinate dignity, as chief rnaglstrato ot Massa
chusetts, and not bodily illness, was tho socrot
causo of his falluro to call on tho president Tho
rebuko ot official prldo administered by Washing
ton, who refusod to soo Govornor Hancock oxcopt
at tho president's lodgings, decldod tho question of
superior dignity,
FOE OF CHILDHOOD'S ENEMY
in tho laboratories of tho Rockefeli
lcr lnstltuto, near Now York, Dr. 9U
mon Flcxnor and his corps of assist
ants bellovo they nro about to conquer
that dread dtscaso of childhood, lnfnn
tilo paralysis, now epidemic in sovoral
pnrts of tho United States. Hundreds
of monkoys aro giving tholr lives' ov
ory year to tho aid ot sclonco In con
quering this drend disease, tho mon
key bolng tho only nnlmals in all tha
list ot thoso Biittnblo for oxporlmonta
tlon that thoy liaYo succeeded in Inoc
ulating with tho dtscaso. Tho micro
organism of tho dlscaso has been Iso
lated and an early announcement is
oxpectod that n provontlvo, curatlvo
and safo serum has boon discovered.
Infantllo paralysis, or anterior polio
myolltlB, as it 1b known to tho medi
cal profession, haB long baffled medi
cal Bclonco. Ordinarily . it attacks
children between tho ages of Vj nnd
3 years,, but oldor children and adults
nro not Immune. Although tho death
rato Is not so high aa in cerebrospinal meningitis, tho train of permanent
deformities which follow infantllo paralysis makos tho dlsoaso fully ob much
dreaded. Only about four or flvo per cont. of thoso nttacked succumb, but
fully 80 per cont. of tho casos result in permanent paralysis.
Infantile paralysis Is a comparatively now dlscaso. Its symptoms have
boon described In medical literature for about 25 years, but only In tho last
four years, since tho epidemic of 1907, has It been brought strongly to the
attention of tho profession In America. 1
ADVOCATES GOOD HIGHWAYS
W. Pago, director of tho United
StatoB ofllco of public roads and presi
dent of tho now American Association
for Highway Improvement, assorts
that tho Unltod States Buffers a direct
loss of $ 40,000,000 annually on account
of lncorroct nnd lnndequato methods
In tho construction, matntonanco and .
administration ot public roads.
This enormous loss is nothing com
pared with tho indirect loss, through
oxccsslvo cost of transportation;
which Is caused by tho burden which
bad roads Imposo upon the farmers
and others who uso tho highways, and
this nmount, according to Mr. Pago's
report, roaches tho Impressive total of,
$250,000,000 ovory year.
Tho American farmer is paying two
or throo times as much to get his
products to markot as tho man who
tills tho ground In Europe, nnd this
added cost of transportation Is known
to bo an Important factor In tho high
cost of living problom. Road exports
say cowtttlons horo and abroad aro almost oxactly rovorscd, duo ontlroly to
bad rcadB.
Director Pago has described tho condition of tho roads of tho United
States in making an announcement thnt tho Amorlcan Association for High
way Improvement has opened offices In Washington. Tho organization of
this association followed a conforenco of many of tho leading road engineers
of tho country, tho presidents of flvo ot tha largest railroad systems and
representatives of automobile manufacturers and publishing interests.
SUCCEEDS SENATOR BURROWS
Perhaps becauso of his own person
ality as well as bocauso ho is tho suc
cessor of tho old votoran, Julius Cae
sar Burrows, In tho United States sen
ate, Chnrlos E. TownBond is rcgardod
as a flguro of considerable Importance
in national affairs.
Whon Insurgency broko out In tho
hoiiBo ot representation against tho
rulo of Speaker Cannon, Townsond,
who had been oloctod to congress in
1903, becamo ono of its promoters and
supporters. His namo was ovon mon-'-tloned
as that of an avallablo candl
dato against Undo Joo. Thon in tho
summer of last year ho began n state
wido campaign in Michigan to strip
tho sonntorlal toga from tho back ot
Undo Julius, who wns a votoran In
tho Iioubo of representatives when,
Townsond was a studont nnd who al
ready wore tho toga whon Townsond
was a plodding lawyer In Jackson
county, with novor a dream perhaps
of futuro legislative honors.
Senator Burrows wns beaten In tho primaries, thereby insuring tho oloc
tlon of Mr. Townsond to tho Senate, Mr. Townsond U a natlvo of Michigan
nnd Is fifty-four years old.