fi.i ..i
Oats aro good for poultry.
Wnrm the water for chlckons.
, Hogs cannot bo raised profitably on
(com alono,
. iKIndncsB Und training should begin
(with, tho calf.
Tho horse will lccop itoolf respect
lably clean If given a cbanco.
Of tho many varlotlos of clover tho
common rod Is by far tho best.
Corn J8 loo fattonlng for laying
heno when kopt In cIobo conftnera)ntl
Milk rapidly, but do not rush an If
you woro pumping water, or heaving
coat
Dust which 1b UBod for poultry
should not bo left too long In tho
llOUSCB.
Ono (treat OBaentlal In Rotting win
ter eggs Ib to iiiako the hens ontlroly'
comfortable
A cow with good digestion will al
most Invariably bring a gonorous profit
to her owner.
Maximum crops on timall farms aro
sioro profltablo than minimum crops
on largo fnrms.
Tho rapid growth and uardlnosa
of tho willow raakoa It almost in
valuable on tho prairie.
No farmor can afford to buy manuro
until ho has first mado uho of ovory
,pousd producod at homo.
One of tho groatest dovolopmcnts In
the Hold of whiter dairying and expor
Indentation has been tho silo.
.It 1h very nccossary that tho dairy
Jca'w have a largo, strong and woll
dlstoudcil dlgostlvo apparatus.
During tho past foV years moro at
tention has boon given to sood selec
tion and Improvement by Individual
minium.
Who aetlvo laying broods of lions
must bo glvon moro llborty and they
(do not need as warm houses as wo
Jiavo supposed.
A horso should always bo tied to
pa hitching post with a strong strap
r ropo wnicu moro ia no posoiimity
ef its broaklng.
Whoro there ia no regular systom of
tveniiiaunn, mo larmor must, in vonu-
listing tho dairy barn, avoid dlroct
drafts on mo dairy nerd.
Tho avorago farmer who koops two
.teams of horses should at loast ltoop
,one team of good largo mares, and
..stallion of tho draft type, available.
' In eomo respects n cow Is much Uko
a person; sho enjoys a good, and com
fortable place In which to eat and
;Eleep, possibly aa well M tho boat of
r
I About sovonty-flve per cent, of all
jthe com produced in the country is
grown in tho northwestorn and mid
dle states, which aro known as tho
eorn bolt.
.lunlr. ., iilnnii nn vmm fniM
im. HMM l.nt-fl tn Alau nnrl n fAtif
fowls are moro profltablo than a
great many, whon attention s given
lie tholr needs.
Poultry as a markotablo product has
iVecomo vory acarco and dear tho lant
iTCKr or two. nnd tho Importance of
nmiitrv aa a rovonuo-nroducor on tho
Harm ncodo to uo emphasized.
Goose aro among tho most profit
able of nil fowls to Invest In, for they
1 win bo kept novoral years for .brood-
ifeix uurposes, and, whon your founda
tion Is onco laid, there la llttlo ex-
111180.
Nothing is gained in grinding foed
for the bona. Thoy will do tholr own
eriudlng If there ia plenty of grit
avRllnblo. Tho trouble is on somo
farms . grinding material Is not vory
"jdentlful.
l' TUnt rnwneaB. but nut on at least
ua tumniln of nhosnhato fertilizer nor
sere and in the fall sow crimson
clever on every Acre of your corn, also
uti !tnn nnuudd of fertilizer. If vou
lewlt tie fertiliser you are wasting
year time ana money,
' A M nm.r iltat tina fraflYiailOfl In (ha
-AM J w " "w
full and received good treatment lu
the wiater, can always ue uepenuou
Boa to produce for her owner fully
itwlce as much butter or milk during
like 01 en lar year M the cow that la
Ifreehened In the springtime
PlantB nro made of food.
Somo city men mako good farmers.
A pig iieoda something groon
through tho winter. '
Carefully kopt poultry Is a depend
able source of profit.
Hoof cattlo do not roqulro as warm
winter quarters as 'dairy cattlo do.
Earthen wator-fountnlna In tho poultry-yard
nro better than tin ones.
You cannot rush a hog, and as soon
as you try It you will got In a mess,
flhnnnn fnr wlinnf. whnrnvnr nosel-
blo, ground not In thnt crop last
year.
A ltttlo extra attontlon to tho wn-
torlng of fowls will Increase tho egg
supply.
Tho blackberry will succeed on any
Roll and with an exposure provided
tho soil Is rich. r
. ;. i
Egg production Is not measured so
much by tho quantity as by tho qual
ity of tho food.
What tho next harvest will bo do-
ponds largoly upon study, thought
and planning this winter.
Strain tho milk through a clean
flannel cloth, or through two or three
thicknesses of chooso cloth.
Tho rollsh with' which an animal
eats its feed has much to do with tho
offect of that feed on tho body.
Tho season Is at hand when ah
ovorgrcon windbreak la nn ovcrlast
lng good thing to lmvo around.
BhoatB aro usually high In prlco as
soon as grass comes In tho spring and
then Is tho tlmo to turn thorn looso.
In ordor to got tho best results In
n systom of dralnngo, tho work should
bo laid out with a lovellng Instru
ment. '
Applo trcos should bo trimmed from
two to throo fcot from tho ground
and dlBCaBca aro not as liable to af-
foct them.
llred-to-lay pullots nroduco moro
oggS, because they nro smnllor, grow
fnstcr, mnturo quicker, and theroforo
lay earlier,
Sprouted oats nro an cxcollcnt sub-
Btltuto for groan food. All fowls aro
fond of them,
Tho quantity of milk and buttor-fat
producod by caws dopends In no Bmall
degree upon tho innnnor In which tho
cows nro milked.
When n hon Inys 180 eggs a year
an egg for ovory other working day
sho 1h going somo, and la. protty near
tho head of tho column.
Tho silo not only furnishes nn eco
nomical Btorogo but It enables tho
farmor to hnndlo his crops cboapor
than by any other method.
A wonk, badly dovolopcd and under-
sized puuot will not make a proiltn-
mo myor; it ia worso man iooubii-
ncsa to imnglno sho ovor will.
Trocs of somo kind can be found
' win grow in almost any Kina oi
soil if thoro is sumclont molsturo, but
me moiBiuro is very essontlnl.
Our agricultural schools and ex
periment stations havo domonstrntod
boyond quoation that grasses thrlvo
best on reasonably compact soli.
Fattened owes do not soil on a par
with wotherB becauso thoy carry pro
portionately a groatcr porcontngo of
offal and & smaller amount of loan
meat.
The dlsobodtont, unmanageable cow
la ofton mado bo by an attendant
who has no lovo for or prldo In hla
work nor nffoctlon for tho animals In
hla ohargo.
I A ntrnw ntfiptr mnlrnH f-nnl altnltni
I fni- n liiinnh fit linfra. liftnnunft HlAV nrA
generally architects enough to build a
house of tholr own It glvon plenty of
straw for material.
Whllo pork can sometimes bo mado
at a nroflt whon corn Is sunnlo-
mnntml with nnthlnir but. n rnnenn.
trntod food, Btlll it la not wloo to uno
concentrated supplements alono.
Whon tho cows aro standing up
straight In tho stall in tho stanchions,
tholr Iilnd foot ought to stand just
on tho edge of tho gutter. Thla Is
nocossary In ordor to koop tho cowa
cloan.
Clean tho hen hnyso regularly nil
through tho wlntor, ii not qulto as oft
en as you havo dono during tho sum
mer, at least ofton enough to koop
tho floor nnd porches clean and the
air swooU
A mlxturo of corn and cob monl
oqual parts by weight would supple
ment tho clover hay and silage very
nicely, f oou ono pouna oi this mix
ture for each throe pounds of avorago
teeting milk produced; this should
glvo very gooa reauiis,
If a calf Bcours physio it with castor
oil in milk and then glvo two or three
times dally, according .to Bovorltv of
cave, two teaBpoonfuls of a mixture
of one part Balol and two parts each
of powdered catechu, subnltrate of
blimuth and prepared chtak.
SHIRE HORSE ESSENTIALLY
ENGLISH
Animal Has Improved Vastly
of Type, In Feet, Action, Pasterns and
Quality of Hair and Bone.
English Ghlre
IJy O. T. IlAnnOWS, England.)
Tho Shlro horso Is essentially tho
English farmer's own. Across tho
border the Clydosdnle holds sway. It
Is flattering to tho English brecdor to
know thnt America and Canada aro
now taking moro Shires than thoy
have ovor dono boforo.
'England today Is being constantly
scoured by Amorlcnn buyers for tho
right kind of Shlro horses.
Tho English Shlro horso hna im
proved vastly of recent yoars, In uni
formity of typo, in foot, action and
has vastly bettor pastorns and quality
of hair and bone.
Tho fnrmor's brood mnro tho ront
payor is a real fomlnlno typo, name
ly, neither of tho gelding or tho stal
lion apponrnnco. Sho Is nlwayB mated
to a stallion of grcnt masculinity, pos
sessing good, wldo, strong feet, and is
nnturally a freo mover, with Hat,
sound bono, of strong conslttutlon and
as big ns possible.
In tho largo studs tho greatest caro
Is taken ovor tho matter of suitable
stallions selected. Very fow travollng
stallions nro to bo found without a
votorlnnry surgeon's certificate of
soundness.
If anything, somo of tho fanners
who havo found breeding a rapid
means of acquiring wealth, aro In-
HORSE SHOEING
IS SCIENCE
No Man Ia Fully Equipped or
Tank Unless He understands
Anotamy of Animal's Foot
Advance Delnjr Made, -
By WM. J, KELLY.
Formerly tho ordinary blacksmith,
who know vory llttlo about tho under
lying principles that should govern
horso shoeing, was called upon to shoo
horses. Ah n result vory much of tho
work dono was Inforlor nnd such work
ro-acted In many Instances against
tho usefulness of tho horso that was
thus shod.
Tho advanco that has beon mnde In
thla branch of blacksmlthlng during
recent yoars, has boon very great.
Tho work of shooing horsos Is bo
rnrlablo In Its requirements that no
small dogroo of Bktll la required on
tho part of thoso ongaged In tho busi
ness.
It would perhaps bo correct to say
that no horso shoor la fully equipped
for hla work who dooa not understand
cnnsldorablo about tho anatomy of tho
horso's foot lie should also bo ablo
to detect dofocta In tho animal's loco
motion and should know how to shoo
A PTir A I 4 Df'UErt 15 A A IP n inv
X 1 IVAL AHLIlIliLF iUUT DAKIM
?
Tho acr.omnnnvlntr ulan of arched
root will not neod any bracing, pro
viding it la built on n wood framo. If
placod on a concroto wall it would
need to bo fastened to tho wall in
Bomo manner. Thla arch could bo
mado out of ono-lnch lumber, throo
. .. i i ml ..
piy tniCK, using oigm luocca, iiwbu
will bo a trlfio shorter than eight feet.
Cut outside to clrclo of '20 feet radluB,
It will bo a llttlo stronger by loaving
lnstdo straight. Thoso should be
W 4-Of- O" i
FARMERS' OWN
t:
In Recent Years, in Uniformity
Mare and Colt.
cllncd to get quality at tho oxponso of
weight and substance Shows aro tho
boat advertisement that tho English
tenant-farmer haa for getting rid of
his wnres to tho landlord; or the rich
brecdor.
Shows In an English Bummer aro as
plontlful as sparrows. Thoy nro hold
upon tho slightest provocation, whoro
two or three horso brocdors are gath
orod together.
Ono of tho most gratifying features
of the Shlro liorBO breeding In the old
country, Is that tho rich man settles
In tho locality, or suddenly becomoa
prominent as a brecdor of first-class
animals. Ho sponds no end of monoy
on buying and maturing.
Theso often fall Into tho hands of
tho farmor cheaply, and very ofton
tho farmor sells buck their offspring
at considerable prices.
Shlro sorvico Is chonp In England,
when ono consldera tho enormous out
lay of somo of tho breeders, nnd tho
tenant farmor, or tho farmor whoso
land Isonly rontcd, has all tho bene
fits of his rich proprietor's pntronago.
iTho old country may have old
fashioned ways, but tho farmor
knows when ho Is well off and ho
knows that to ralso Shlro horses suc
cessfully Is to havo a bank balanco
and to havo no haunting fears from
a disastrous season.
tho horso In such n way that tho ovlla
arising from theso defects will bo less
oned or ovorcomo entirely.
Neighborhood Exchanges.
Tho difficulty of exchanging tools
and labor wlthjiclghbors la In tho
personality. Somo mon will expect
to uso borrowed tools all through the
favorablo weather and then roturn
them In n damaged condition too lato
to bo of much use to tho owner. In
borrowing labor this kind of neighbor
will work tho hired man half to death
and thon In returning tho labor spend
halt his time telling stories. In ox-i
changing labor or anything olso pick
out a farmor who will practice tho
golden rulo.
New Mint Region.
Poppormlnt growers of Now York
and Michigan will meet competition
from tho reclalmod lands of Louisiana.
A distillation plant is also in opera
tion. A party of export agriculturists
recently Inspecting tho region woro
convinced that tho crop can be grown.
in limited quantities at a good profit.
Peppermint oil was Imported Into tho
United States during the fiscal year
to tho oxtont of 1,238 pounds, worth
6,41G, whllo tho exports of Amorlcan
peppermint oil amounted to 161,811
pounds, worth $283,318.
placed about two feet contora. Nail
on outlook Uko shown on plan for coin
nlco. You can mako them out of two
Inch by olght-lnch tho samo length,
which takes a llttlo mora lumbor. and
wo do not consider thoy would bo as
strong.
It would bo better to uso a 3 by 8
inch or a 3 by 6 Inch bolted on to
undorsldo of rtdgo to fasten track to,
sb this would bring tho load on two or
threo rafters.
PRICKLY PEAR VALUABLE
AS COMBINATION FEED
'Possibilities for tho Usefulness
With Other Feeds Are Great Experiments ,
on Digestibility.
(By XL T. IIAnB.) I
Tho increnscd use of tho prickly
pear as food for all classes of rumi
nants, especially for rango and dairy
cattlo, makes it important for tho
proper;, preparation of a ration thnf
tho feeder knows how much digestible
nutrlonts to expect from feeding a
glvon quantity of tho plnnt elthor
alono or mixed with other feeding
stuffs.
Many chemical analyses havo boon
mado of a number of different mom
bora of tho cactua family to dotcrmlno
tholr valuo aa feed for animals, and
whllo thla data gives, with a fair do
grco of accuracy, tho amount of tho
various nutrients contained in tho dif
ferent species of tho cacti, no reliable
record of digestion experiments has
been found, so that It has been Im
possible to say Just what proportion
of tho different nutrlonts wera avail
able to tho animals.
In ordor to dotcrmlno tho dlgostl
blllty of tho prickly pear and thus
guldo tho feeder in tho preparation
of rations from tbfs plant, cxtcnalvo
Investigations have recently beon
mado In Texas, Now Mexico and other
southwestern states.
' Tho principle of conducting a diges
tion oxperlment Is vory simple First,
tho animal ia fed tho feeding stuff tho
digestibility of which la to bo deter
mined until all othor feeds havo beon
removed from tho alimentary canal.
Tho animal la then placed In a stall
specially doslgned for foodlng nnd for
collecting rcfuso without wasto. It
Is thon fed a weighted amount of tho
feodlng stuff, tho composition of
which is determined by analysis. All
tho refuso Is collected, weighed an
alyzed, and tho amount of tho sev
eral nutrlonts which It la found to
contain 1b subtracted from tho amount
of tho corresponding nutrlonts fed.
A good Idea of tho stalls used In
theso experiments may bo obtained
from tho illustration. Thoy nro mado
of propor length and breadth, so that
tho animals may Ho down comforta-
Prickly Pear.
bly, but not wldo enough to pormlt
thorn to turn around.
The experimonts developed tho fact
that animals scour badly whon fed
prickly pear alono; besides, other
feeda aro needed to supply the proper
amount of protolda, For theso rea
sons it is better not to feed it nlono
Whon prickly pear is fed with
cured foddors or grains tho digesti
bility of both Is lncroasod. In feeding
a mixed ration of prickly pear and al
falfa or prickly pear and cottonseed
meal, tho goneral offect la to incroaso
tho digestibility of all three feeds.
If tho ration of prickly poar will
incroaso tho digestibility of all feeding
stuffs, as it apparently does that of
Alfalfa and cottonsoed meal, thon this
food has a groatcr valuo than la Bhown
by Its own dlgestlblo nutrlonts. Tho
probabilities aro that tho addition of
this green and succulent fcod toany
dry foodlng stuff will incroaso tho di
gestibility of both.
During the experiments the animals
being tested, when fed prickly pear
alono, seldom drank water. In fnct,
In feeding a ration of 100 pounds of
this foed per day tho animals obtained
from tho food ovor olght gallons of
wator, which la moro than was usual
ly drunk by thorn whon fed cured fod
dors nlono.
A ration for a 1,000-pound milch
cow of 50 pounds of prickly pear, ton
pounds of wheat bran, and ton pounds
of alfalfa, would furnish about tho
NATURAL AND
This drawing phowa a
loss chestnut at tho right.
tho farm of Hiram Phlnney in Greono county, Now York, Bays tho Orango
Judd Farmor. It Is eatlmatod at about 100 years old, and the fruit has ap
parently been tho samo ever Blnco Mr. Phlnney can remember.
of This Plant When Used
corroct theoretical amount of nutri
ents. In tho prickly pear region of Texas
a ration consisting of this feeding
Btuff with cottonseed monl Is very
common. It ia customary find hotter
to glvo tho cattlo olthor tho run of a
dry grass, pasture or somo coarso foed
in connection with this ration, as it
will sorvo tho doublo purposo of wld
Vmlng tho too nnrrow ration produced
in rr n b--i
LH1.1 .Mil 11
US' M
Stalls Used In Making Experiments.
from too much cottonseed meal and
tend to chock tho scouring which re
sults from tho uso of theso two foeds
alono.
MAKING FARM
HOME PRETTY
Something of Beauty, as "Well as
Ordor, Convenience and Good
Sanitary Conditions
Are Needed,
(By yAttfE'T!. LEUTZ.)
Something bf beauty, as well aa of
order, convenlonco and good sanitary
conditions, is needed to make a farm
homo attractive Jn planning such a
hqmo, let not this bo forgotten. A
wldo sweep of lawn botwecn tho houso
and the road; a background of trees
nnd ahrubbory; low flowering bushea
planted closo to tho foundation and
sorving, ao it were, to bind tho houso
to tho soli; vlrtea ovor tho porch or
bordering tho window frames all
thoso do much to beautify tho house.
From tho erection of tho flr8t house,
however, modest, tho, homo-maker
should plan for tho futuro aa well aa
for today. Ho should avoid building
too near tho road; tomomberlng that
proaporlty may ero long enablo him
to build a larger homo, which may
often bo moat satisfactorily placed in
front of tho old one. Barns and other
building should bo located In such
relation to ono another as to allow
for improve'monts which will rosult
In a harmonious wholo.
Pollution of 8prlngs.
In limestone country there Is moro
danger of pollution of springs and
wolla than whoro any othor rock for
mation prevails. The reason is that
tho llmoatono la tho most readily dis
solved and open underground chan
nels aro formed which may carry con
taminating matorlal a long dlstanco.
If, on tho other hand, polluted water
porcolatos through gravel or Band
stone for instance, it bocomea purl
fled in a comparatively short dlstanco
from tho point of contamination.
Mixed Farming.
Mlxod farming' la tho safer plan.
Keoplng cows, hons and horsos, rais
ing potatoes and corn and other stand
ard crops, as fow succeed with, a spe
cial crop, but there are scoros of fail
ures bocauBO of llmltod capital. Ono
year's falluro in puro brooding stock
or potatoos, or whatovor his line is,
means falluro. Mon-of ordinary abil
ity will do better to tako up general
farming.
Rlpo Rot of Cherries,
Tho self-bolled brand of llmo-sul-phur
was used successfully in a num
ber of placos last summer to provont
tho rlpo rot of tho chorry, Tho form
ula used 1b 18 pounds of qutcklime,
eight pounds of sulphur, slaked with
four or flvo gallons of hot water. Thla
Ib dllutod to CO gallons before appli
cation ia made.
FREAK CHESTNUT
natural chestnut bur at tho left and a freak bur
The trco upon which this oddity grow Is upon