Ill mm ii in. i i-
It Is ono of tho foundation prlncl-
pies of agriculture that no system can
long bo followed at a profit which
(loos not make provision for return-
Itig to the land In tome form the ole-
mentB of fertility taken from It by
crops. So, no system of faimlng has
ever been successful for any groat
length of time In any climate which
does not Include tho keeping of llvo
Btock as one of Its Important features, to
The special purpose character of
tho Dorset Horns llo in tho fact that
0W9R will breed at tiny season of
the year, but they aro vory prolific,
aro decide!)' heavy milkers, glvo birth
to unuauully strong nnd vigorous
lariibs, enre for thorn well, nnd that
.their lnmbs are nble and ready to uso
grain at a very young ace.
No feed produces bettor milk or
more of It than good Juno pasture,
Next to this' Is' good soiling crops and
third in the list is cnsllaKO. As tho
llrst nnd isccond of these aro avail-
able for only short seasons, tho silo
Is worthy of consideration us the beet
year round substitute.
One of the most dltllcult things for
tho beglnnor In poultry raising Is to
cull closoly A bird looks like a bird
to him and tho chances nro that ho
will keep some that aro not profitable
merely because It does not seem right
to eat them.
Keep lino grit and charcoal whero
tho chicks can havo access to It at all
times. They must have tho grit, and
while thnv enn cet alone without tho
charcoal, they will do a groat deal
ImMuf If tfmv linvo If T nlrin i1lcra. I
HnX .irntrinfc lw.nlfll
luiiv. iuv... .... .v. ... .. - ...uw.. I
Pigs need some roughage for, the
wlnli.r A tnw Arv oh,la tint un tn n
pllo noW'hnd thrown Into tho pens
dtirlmr thn winter, will bo creat y ro
ished and Will help to keop tho diges
tion of the pigs in good shape.
Dairymen no longer rely upon .tho
average of the herd as a basis of' com-
putlng their profits, but with proper
ntntislln mill nppiirnto roporiln caleu.
lato tho producing ability of, each In
dividual In the herd.
,A statement Just to hand shows thnt
'.ho value of frozen meats Imported by
Canada from Australia grow over, 50
per cent, from 1908 to 1909 and that
In the latter year the trade amounted
to $87,235.
No 0110 who attempts to raise two
litters of pigs In ono year from n herd
of brood sows should oxpoct them to
do so successfully and profitably un
less they aro given tho very best of
care.
The good cow Is an Industrious crea-
' ture, but she Is also a ruminating one
and requires time and Bhould havo
comfort In which to do her cud chew-
In)
No combination of factors Is moro
conducive to prosporlty, wealth, for-
tllo farms and good homos than aro
well bred dairy cattle, capacious silos
and productive alfalfa fields.
Nov corn from tho fields Is a great
treat to poultry, If not overfed. Take
a solid block and a corn knlfo nnd cut
the corn In hnlf-lnch sections nnd tho
fowls will do the rest.
There can ho but llttlo question
about tho ndvlsablllty of feeding tho
dairy cow on pnsturo this year. If
nhe does not get feed In the barn she
Is apt to starve.
There Is no big money In sheop un
less the operator understands hla busi
ness thoroughly and It Is no sphere
for tho novice theso days.
If tho calves muBt be kept up during I
the summer bo suro to protect them
from the files nnd give plenty of ven-
illation an 01 me time.
A great many progressiva poultry
men are beginning to reallzo tho value
nf criiHhcd charcoal as a conditioner
for their stock.
Take caro of the boards wheu
blanching celery. They should never
be used as walks In tho field.
Alfalfa ground may bo pastured If
not overstocked. Tho third crop In
.particular may be profitably grazed by
sheep. v
Green corn need not be a dangerous
feed. If used right It la one of tho
host things that can bo given the hogs,
The cnlf peps must bo scrupulously
clean if. tho youngsters would bo
kept in a heulthy, thrifty condition.
April au.d Mar hatched chicks glvo
ua beet results.
Requiring almost tho samo care
caro and using feed almost Identical
chickens and squabs should bo In
Eoparablo. With a largo flock of hons
producing winter eggs, and a" number
of squabs at a tlmo when young
chlckona arc hot obtainable, thopoul
tryman has practically no competition.
Tho supply, In most Instances, Is so
limited. and the demand-bo great that
tho young squabs arc sold at tho neat,
pcoplo coming after them to bo sura
of getting' them.
Drood sows on the avorago farm
may bo almost cntlroly supported by
wnsto products. And -thoso same wasto
products form tho best sort of bal
anced ration. Skim milk, buttermilk,
windfall apples, parings, n run In tho I
orchard, with shade, and aftor tno
litters aro weaned and growing nlco-
ly, a run In tho stubblo to clean up
evory kernol of grain, and In tho
clover fields aftor hay has boon out.
A hen that lays 180 eggs In a year
will earn for her ownor a cortalu not
profit of one dollar and twenty-rivo
cents, nnd If ho Is carotul about mar-
kotlng hln profit mny bo Increased by
an additional 50 cents, eo that If ho
wnntu to lncroaeo his Income by ?250
or $500 It Is only nocessary for hint
keep 200 or 400 lions.
if you can do no' hotter by way nt
making troughs for tho sheop to eat
tholr grain out of, you can nail two
boards' together In tho shapo of n V,
with a couplo of short pieces across
ih0 onds to keep them right side up.
This will save much grain, nnd grain
s money this year.
Salting the cows Is most Important,
especially when they aro on green
grass. About an ounce por day is re-
quired by each cow and this is better
niven rcKiilarly nnd In small qunnu-
tics than only occasionally and In
large lcta.
"With hired help nlmost Imposslblo
I to cot nt any price. It would seem
that all farmers would hesltrfto about
taking more land upon themselves for
cultivation, for n poorly-cared for crop
.iB Buroly n failure, but they plunge In
regardless of consequences.
Some breeders claim that sex can
ho snlectod from which males and
females can bo hatched at will. Old
hens mated with cockerels produco
about 75 per cent, pullets, while mat-
lnir nullots with old cocks glvo n
greater per cent, of cockerels.
. . .
Uld yOUr COWS Mil Oil III IUU1I llllin.
conditions 1 hub is a trying i vnuu
anil U1C tow null uuun uvci it un
right will, with normal conditions, bo
eaio ior a goon nu un bi.uhk.
Sunflowers nro usually grown for
tho. seeds, and tho stalks arc allowed
to go to waste. They contain so largo
percentage of wtydy fiber when ma-
luu wMul" uu v"'"u
IUI ieeu"K liuiluaco.
It will pay to market old and use
less hons now, rnthpr than carry thorn
through the molt which begins this
month. Many of them will not lny
again until spring nnd wil not pay
their keep.
There are two groat and common
mistakes In landscape gardening. One
Is to mako a garden without any flow
ers In it; tho other Is to have a moss
of plants asscmblpd without any de
sign.
If you wish to improvo the qunlity
of your flock without serious expense
lie best thing to do Is to cull out a
pen of tho choicest birds nnd hatch
their eggs.
Vory often when tho largo farm has
been obtained at tho expense of tho
home, so much of It goes to wasto for
tho want of cultivation thorough cul-
tlvatlon that It Is really unprofitable.
Now that tho hatching season Is
over, all the male birds should be
taken away from tho bona. Your
chancos for frcshor eggs and morp of
them will be Increased.
Manure Is Just what Is neoded to
bring up tho ylolda and to increase
tffj water-holding capacity of our soil,
for without water no amount of fer-
tlllty Is of any avail.
Don't forget the supply of sharp
gravel or grit oven In tho fall; fowln
can not always pick up a suitable sup
ply oven when on a rango and tho
weather Is good.
If a llttlo rape seed Is sprinkled In
with the rye a variety' of feed wll bq
provided and the hogs will do ovon
better than upongye alone.
Pleasant surroundings nnd modern
conveniences, easily obtainable, will
go a long way tn keeping the boyt
and girls on tho farm.
A hog should have some grain ev
ery day of Its life although hogs can
not be raised and fattened on grain
alone at a profit.
The dairy heifer Is sure to be a
profltublo product of tho fnrm as long
uu the demand for dairy cows con
tinues,
In applying tho spray to low grow-
ing treea nnd bushes make tho appll-
cation when the dew Jb on the plants.
All the nest boxes should bo kopt
perfectly clean to nrlve tho llttlo
chicks on unhampered start In llfo.
Tho troublo with most of our farms
Is too little capital to the acre
SOUTH CAROLINA
EXPERIMENTS WITH DAHLIA
Tells Interesting Story of Success With Flower of Double
Variety From Seed Some Very
Donutlful. 1
Double
I want the flower loving readers to,
Icnow of tho hucccss I had with dahl
ias from seeds. I ordered one ;pa'ckut.
and sowed it In a box, having iVoMdon
that I had such a glorious tre"o.V. -in
Btoro, writes a South Carolina Hlpntk.t'
in Park's Floral Magazine. VftihTn'
flvo days tho seedlings had p.ualb'ellMip
in llttlo "humps," nnd soon worplh'old-
ing their heads up, looking Btrdri'ginnd
vigorous. Ah soon as they woro. largo
enough to transplant, I put t-lreinV-ln
good, loamy, well-worked soil, a'rtj? I
could nctunlly soo them grow. y$lt:kt
In thrco weeks I noticed tho co.lWfJ.'b.fe
Bomo stalks was dark red, nnd .tilhaV
light greon. Tho buds comme,n,coditoi
show soon, nnd then swell, and! 'plhjs
tho pleasure in watculng tno uincr.'
ont colors show! Sorao grew fas.tor.'
than others, but all grow entirely tb
my satisfaction. There was one par
ticular plant that grew and kept on
growing nnd wo encouraged this
MORE POTATOES. BY SPRAYING
p-Jp
For a good many yenrs tho general
farmer has contented himself with oc
casionally going ovor his potato
plants with n bucket and a stick in nn
attempt to eradicate ontirely tho de
structive potato beotle or "bug." In
a way, tnls has answered tno purpose,
since tho plants wero saved from be
ing entirely consumed by tho hordes
of Insect pests thnt continually swarm-,
ed up from nowhere, but of course It
won Impossible to rid each plant of all
tho bugs that Infested it. Some of
tho eggs were sure' to remain nnd
batch.
Then there wore tho many varied
plant diseases to which the tubors
'wero subjected and a few yoara ago
no methods wore nvallablo to effectu
ally control them, since no systematic
study had boen given to this branch of
agriculture.
SAVES LIVES
OF CHICKENS
Kuuoaa Poultry Kaiser Has Dto
cove rod, and Put Into Practice
, Mtuns of Preventing Lars
Mortality Among Chicks.
A well-knows Kanias City poultry
man, Ernest Kcllerntrass, has discov
ered and put Into praotise a new
means of preventing tho common
large mortality of brooder chicks. The
remedy is so simple that at first
thought It appears almost ridiculous.
It consists only In the use of black
soil in tho floor' of the brooder.
Mr. Kcllerstrass by accident, two or
three years ago, noticed that a piece of
sod placed on tho floor of u brooder
was quickly worked on by the chicks.
Thoy stood on It and scratched on It
In preference to the wooden floor of
tho brooder. Tho entire floor of tho
brooder was then covered with sod.
FLORIST
Dahlia.
growth Just to see whero It would gu
to. It Anally decided to stop nt tin
height of nlno and a half feet, and
then tho cxqulslto bloom hung over
in such n graceful way, snowing ,0
flower almost black with n bright, yol;
low center about tho slzo of n 25-cen'l:
piece. Tho potals looked llko hoav.jA
silk volvot, and tho blooms wero nr.
lnrgo as my tubora produced. Soma-
of tho others wero equally as beauU-. '
ful, ono being a magenta,, with tho
back of the potals striped In white';
nnother was a fawn shado nnd very
oijdj. unother was yollow outlined on
each petal with red, and atlll an
other was 11 peculiar shado bordering
en a brlcklust color, the back of tho
tfetols being yellow. This combination
MvtB .perfect-ly beautiful, npd thought
by, MjWijy.'. who 'tin.)v- It- to, bo tho love
llojrft 'lfirj(lie;--M.: - Jij. all, I socured 32
plantsj a'nd'e't?Xi'(i!1!0'WttB 11 B0u
Iteallzlng that more scientific mot1 fo
ods should bo adopted to Buccossftillj
combat theso different pests, tho Now
York experiment station at Qonova
mndo somo very interesting nnd caro
ful fxporlmonts In recent years, tin
results of which have lately been pub
Ushed In bulletin form.
Tholr resenrch rovoalod that fra
quont sprayings during the dry sea
sons of the yenr effected much bettei
plnqt conditions nnd a proportionately
Increased potato crop. v
Out of eleven volunteer expert
mentB, there was shown an nverng
gain per ncre, due to Bpraylng of 60)4
hushols. The average net cost ol
spraying per acre was. 4 cents and
1110 uvenigo price 01 poinioeB at ,(iig.
glng time was GO conta per bushel. A
little mental arithmetic makes It self.
evident thnt It paya to spray.
and It waa found that tho chicks on
tho sod covered floor woro Btrongor,
froor of dlsonao and thrived better In
every way than chicks In brooders
with no earth covering for the floors.
From this experiment tho idcu was
evolved thnt earthen flooro were tho
proper kind for young chicks nnd con
wmiuu uxpvnuimiiH -were made on a
large scale.
The black earth floor waa tried with
25,000 chicks and proved bo successful
that less than five per cent, of ordln
ary brooder raised chicks die.
Tho Idea of Mr, Kellerstrafls la that
board floors are too hard and un
natural for the foet of young chicks,
and that soil Is a soft and natural floor
for them. By standing on tho board
floor tho chicks acquire leg weakness
that results In tho white bowel troublo
and a general weakening of tho young
blrda. With loose, dry soil ns n floor
tho chicks will early learn to scratch
mid becomo active, Through scratch'
Ing nnd exerclso tho birds grow strong,
nnd hence moro reslstcnt to diBeaao,
FILED FIRST CLAIM
Daniel Freeman Got Homestead
Number One.
As a Soldier In' Nebraska In 18G2 Ho
Took Advantage of the Law Im
mediately After It Went
Into Effect.
Lincoln, Nob. When Daniel Free-
in nn niml mi thn flrnt fron lininf! 1)1-0-
vlded for trco mon, nt ono mlnutd past
twolvo o'clock on the morning of Jan
uary 1, 18C3, ho Inaugurated tho hla
tory of homestead entries, which hnvo
slnco dovelopcd tho western prulrlcs
Into tho hcort of Amcrldatt agricul
ture. The Freeman homo is at IJrovvn
vlllo, Neb., on tho quarlor-scctlon of
Innd for which tho first patent was Is
sued. Ho always regarded this old
patent ns ono of tho most Interesting
and valuable relics of American his
tory. Its faco IndloutcB thnt Froomnn
mndo entry No. 1, hla proof of rosl
denco was No. 1, his patent 1b No. 1,
recorded on pago No. 1 of book No. 1,
In tho United States lnnd office. '
Frcomnn'B nnmo Is llnkod with that
of Qalusha A. Grow of Pennsylvania,
once npenker of tho lower house of
cougrosu, and whoso maiden speech in
the lioubo was on tho subject of
Man'n ltlght to tho Soli." ThntBpccoh
was nindo In 1852, but It was not until
ten yonrs lalor that ho was nblo to boo
his inoaHuro, tho homestead law, re
corded In tho statuto books.
Freeman ut that tlmo was a youhg
soldlor, detailed to porform a Hecret
mlsdlon at Hrownvllle, Nob., whero tho
first United Stntes lnnd ofllco was
oponod. Tho prcHonco of many pro
spective settlers awaiting tho opening
January 1, 1SG3, of tho land ofllco, to
tako ndvantngo of tho homestead law,
attracted Frcoman to the Idea of bo-
curing a frco home. On Decombor 30,
howover, ho was ordered to roport
In St. Lo.uls for a now assignment. To
add' to lilB troubles, January 1 vas a
legal holiday. Tho young soldier,
tfotliliig, dnuntcd, sought out Jamoa
'UedfoiHl, who had chargo of tho gov
c'rfnXeirt lnnd ofllco, and told him hlfl
rii;p5i)jle.8l. Bjjtlford agro'od to bIru tho
,,'fllUf&':ji($fS.PiJ following tho stroko of
;.nilflV!gM - Uio following night If Frco-
ma. coultl aecuro tho consent of bthc
Freeman and His Home,
proBpcctlvo Bottlera to walvo tholr
right to mako ontrlos until tho fol
lowing dny. All day Decombor 31
Freeman sought out tho settlors and
secured their consent to tho Bchomoi
In order that ho might get away Now
Year's morning. Thcro was a dauco
at tho town hall In tho evening nnd nt
midnight all .tho young Ileau Drum-
mols repaired to tho land ofllco to
soo Undo Sam's soldier bocomo tho
first homosteador. Tho pnpors already
had been innilo up and woro Hlgnod
Just aftor twolvo o'clock. Froqmau
started nt onco for St. Loula and was
able to visit tho lund but. twice dur
ing tho next threo years, tho law mak
ing special provision for soldiers.
In 1SC5 Frcomnn laid down IiIb nrmB
and took up tho peaceful pursuit ot
ngrlculturo on hla claim. Ho built a
log cabin na tho first structure on .tho
fnrm. On an adjoining claim lived a
young woman with whom Frcoman
had becomo acquainted during IiIb pre
vious visits, nnd when tho cabin was
completed thoy woro married and
moved into tho now homo, Freornnn
wns energetic, and from nn opon prai
rie homestead tho quarter section wan
dovcloped into the finest fnrm In Uagu
county. Additional lnnd waa pur-,
chased nnd Frcomnn bocamo woalthy,
Thrco flno orchards surround a com-
fortablo brick dwelling and n forty
aero timber claim has dovcloped Into
n young forest.
Daniel Frcoman waa a plonoer In
dian fighter and carried two scars as
tho result of bullets from tho Indiana'
rifles. Ono of hla peculiarities was
hla freo thinking doctrlno. He always
maintained that tho Dlblo was mado
for the pcoplo who believed In It and
! that thoy had 110 right to forco it upon
persona wno did not want It. Taking
this stand, ho brought tho famous law
suit to forco tho niblo out of Nebras
ka schools. Tho suit waa brought
against tho school board of hla homo
district and ho won out. His conten
tion was that no religion could bo le
gally taught In tho public schools and
that teachers could not lawfully road
tho ntble In school. Tho supremo
court Bustnlned hla contention and tho
Holy Writ disappeared from tho
Hrownvllle achool,
I
RAISING GEESE ' FOR PROFIT
) Eastern Man .Give Interesting and
Mln'uto Details of His Method
From Beginning.
I hnvp bo.en ralslpg'gccsa,the last IS
years 'only" ono breed, IhoVfembdon,
says a writer in Ilaltlniorc American.
1 prefer this becnuso of Us hardiness,
slzo, docility nnd color. Tho feathers
sell hero for five cents nbovo tho mar.
kct price Tor other's. I llko to have
tho goslings hatch In April or earllor.
This avoids tho hot weather.
, Hens aro Used for hatching. JJach Is
given six c"ggy, or If shtf bo large, per-
Khaps soven. Tho old g'ooso Is mndo to
lay again, but allowed to sit on tho
second clutch of eggs. J think gecao
hotter mothora than hons. Thoy nro
moro solicitous, enn caro for a greater
numbor nnd tho gander will also as
s(at his mute. When tlmo Is almost up
for hatching I put tho eggs In luko
warm water and all containing llvo
gosllngn will turn. I think tho water
softcnu tho shell and causes u belter
hatch.
Eggs from tho first yonr'B laying are
usually not so fortllo as later eggs.
Thoy nro also fovvor In number, and
produco weaker goslings. (Jcoso do
not fall In egg production llko hens,
but may bo kept for yoara. If gaiuVora
aro kopt longer than tho third year
thoy usually bocomo so cross they
cannot bo ullowed to run with other
fowls.
I keep tho young In n omnll Inclos
uro till they can walk without turning
on tholr backs. Then lot thorn have
tho run of a good pasture. They got
plenty of water, but It lfl not necos-
A Profitable Flock.
sary that thoy batho; hotter not. 1
novor loavo them out In hoavy ralnu,
for thoy will open tholr mouths and
drink enough water to drown.
As soon as fully feathered, In three
or four months, they nro ready to pick,
and may bo picked evory olght "wocks.
Aftor tho fall picking I begin to food
grain. Whon fully foathorcd they will
bo ready for market. If thoy can,
havo frco accoss to a plot of corn thoy
will not allow any of it to go to wnsto,
and will Bavo trouble of feeding.
HOUSE TO PROTECT TURKEYS
One Shown in Illustration Affords
Necessary Shelter From Ele
ments and Marauders.
Thla turkoy houso is protection
against tho dements and marauders,1
which Is vory nocessary for those!
birds. Tho wholo front may bo ot
wlro nottlng, or enclosed part way,
othorwlso doors and windows nro pro-
vldod as In cut. A vontllator is fixed1
In tho top nt tho back. This Is to bo
A Good Turkey, .House.
kopt open at all times'. Tho roosts
aro placed on a levol woh tip from
tho ground and In tho front 6f tho
building. Sliding or rolling doors
ono in tho roar loft opon during tho
day and only enough light for tho tur
kayo to seo their way of getting on
and off tho roosts.
Watch out for tho head llco on llttlo
chicks.
Sort out tho old hens now and litis
tlo them off to market.
An application of equal parts of
lard and korosono will kill tho head
JIco.
Increasing tho egg production of
hons Is accomplished by saving only
tho best layers for breeders.
Thoro nro five cssontials In raising
ducks muscle, water, food, shado and
grit aud the greatest of theso la mus
cle. Tho Pekln ducks are probably the
best for market, aa they command
bettor prices and look plumper and
better after thoy aro dressed.
Never leave any food around whero
the ducks, eltbor young or old, can'
'pick at it botweon meals, as thoy in
this way loso tholr nppotltep,
Tho first uso of all food consumed
,by fowls Is to maintain tho body. In
order to produco egga thcro, muBt bo
a Burplua left after tho body la prop
orly nourished.
In order that "thoy may bettor de
velop, the cockerels should now bo
ccparatod from tho pullets, nnd tna
former glvon an extra ullowanoo ol
food, as they will need It.