TILLING THE BEETS
Question as to Depth of Cultiva
tion and Proper Time.
One Qreat Mistake of Farmers When
Plowing Deep Is That Fields Are
Too Wet Judicious Irriga
tion Essential.
In considering tlio question of tho
cultivation of tho beets it Is often n
question In tho mind of the grower
whether ho should cultivate deep or
shallow, nnd Just nt what tlmo he
should begin tho cultivation. .
Ab we havo often said, farming Is
not a constant Bcicncc, but a variable
one, writes Prof. F. Kuorr In Ranch
and It nn Re. Tho various oporatlonB
dopend upon tho cllmatlo conditions
moro than upon all clso, we have
found In our experience that while
deep cultivation Is beneficial ono year
It may mean n fnlluro tho next. Year
after year, howovor, wo find that a
fairly deep cultivation at tho foro part
of tho season, that In from four to five
Inches In depth and a gradual shal
low cultivation toward tho end of tho
ripening season gives tho best aver
age results.
We have met with u great deal of
opposition among the beet growers
when we suggested dcop cultivation
for the first tlmo, tho argument always
being that tho cultivator covers too
many of tho small boots. Wo admit
that this may causo u Uttlo trouble,
but It la nothing serious. Thoso that
havo diso attachments for tho culti
vators mny attach thoBO an feeders to
prevent tho covering.
One great mistake that many farm
ers mako when thoy wIbIi to practice
deep plowing Is to go Into tho field
when It Is too wot. This, ns a rule,
will puddlo tho soil, turn it up In largo
pieces that will soon bako In tho sun,
and thus ruin tho field for tho season.
If deep cultivation is to be followed
take care that tho soil is dry enough
to work up nicely, nnd break up Into
a loose mulch.
For tho pnst fow years wo havo had
tho opportunity to obsorvo n largo
numbor. of boot fields. Wo mado it a
IhjIiiL to soo how tho cultivation wati
done, and found that in tho majority
of cases tho growors used what wo
know as tho "Austin" knlvou from ono
end of tho season to tho other, with
the exception when tho ditching hoes
were used. In many of those cases
wo found that tho knives woro very
dull, and as a result tho actual cutl
vatlon was not raoro than about ono
inch dcop.
What aro tho results of this kind
of working? In tho first placo, tho
soil dries out quickly, in tho hot windy
weather a rapid evaporation takes
place, and wo nro forcod to cither Ir
rigate tho boots or , suffer loss from
a much decreased crop. Tho othor ob
jection to this kind of cultivation la
that wo do not havo a good looso bed
for tho roots to develop.
It is nothing uncommon for boot
growerB to say "I havo plonty water;
my beets will not suffer for tho want
of it." It is not so much a matter of
suffering, but a matter of oxponso, n
good cultivation does not cost nuy
moro than tho inoro scratching of tho
soil, but tho application, of water is
an extra oxponso.
In Germany tho saying la "Sugar la
liocd Into tho boots." Hero, where
we do but vory Uttlo band work, wo
should atrlyo to do better horso work.
Thoro la no reason whatever why wo
cannot grow ns good boots aa tho
farmers on tho other plde of tho wa
tor.
Tho matter of n good looso soil for
tho roots to grow nnd to dovolop Is
also n greater item than many
would suppose Dy tho way of lllus
tratlon let us compnro tho root sys
tem of a plant with tho stomach of
an animal or tho craw of n chicken
In order to got a good hoalthy mil
mat wo must food it Just tho right
kind of food to niako a good, vigorous
growth. If wo glvo thoso animals
groat amount of succulent or washy
foods they must fill tholr stomach to
tho utmost nnd koop it full In order
to got sufficient nourishment out of
it to make growth. Glvo a plant too
muoh water and tho root system Is
continually crowded with very much
diluted plant food, as a causo of this,
growth Is checked to u largo oxtont
When tho soil is looso and Just enough
water is given tho roots will sook tho
plant food and take It up In such a
manner as It is required by the plant
for tho boat results. In a hard stiff
soil the fine roots 11ml It dlfllcult to
make tholr wny through and seek tho
food. By digging around plants in a
hard soli wo find that tho roots arc
knarled and stunted, tho effort thus
expended tncnnu a loss to tho yield
of tho crop.
Let us practice n moro thorough sys
tem of cultivation, nnd Judicious irrl
gatlon with our sugar boots, and tho
results will moan a greater profit for
oursolvos and. n moro satisfactory boot
for the factory.
Fall Butchering.
Ono of the JpbB becoming timely nt
the first touch'of cold woathoris butch
nrlng. Ah soon nj tho weather pormlts
it, every farmer should bo living on
meat of his own raising. A light
weight hog is usually mado tho first
victim; Old moat, no mnttor how well
cured, is not so good as fresh, besldos
many a farmer lucks cured moat of
any kind Just now, "Store moat" has
boon a great expense to many farmers
this year.
The Heifer Calf.
If a heifer calf is bolng raised for
dairy purposes do not feed it too much
fattening food.
SMALL ORCHARD ON FARM
For First Time In Many Seasons Lit
tle Patch In Arid Country
Comes Through Booming.
For tho first tlmo in a dozen or
moro soaBons the general farmers
Uttlo old orchard in tho semi-arid
country has como through with n good
round profit. The crops wcro not only
largo but tho profits wore good, and
in this way the owners of such places
caught tho wcazel both ways, says
Fiold and Farm. The result is thnt
tho general farmers all over tho coun
try havo not only sat up und taken
look around, but are out hot
foot for nursery stock to increase
their plantings next season, and why
not? It is a good tlmo to consider
whother tho general farmer can
grow apples as a farm crop or more
particularly whothor ho can afford
to, care for tho trees now on tho farm
so as to grow fruit for family use and
for sale, provided thero are enough
trees.
It seems reasonable to supposo that
any irrigation farmer who has the
willingness to care for his orchard
and will follow a fow plain directions
can do quite as well or better than
somo of tho producers of tho present
season. It will be dlfllcult for
many farmers to name a crop that
will glvo a greater net Income for a
BcricB of years nnd at tho same time
involvo less risk or requiro less cap
ital. To mako a measurable success
of such a proposition, howover, a
farmer must havo a Uttlo lovo or at
least respect for his trees and por
form the various essential operations
upon thorn in caroful manner and nt
tho proper times. It tho spraying is
loft until ho can find nothing to do
It will novcr bo done on tlmo nnd
will seldom bo effective. Tho farm
er is quite likely to concludo that
praying la of no value. Somo fruit
of fair quality can bo grown with
out spraying, in somo seasons consid
erable good fruit, but a paying crop
is novcr assured without spraying.
During tho last year or two thore
have been a few instances of good
crops from unsprayed orchards.
This spraying could be dono by
thoso who mako it a business of fur
nishing npparatus and materials and
go from farm to farm spraying small
orchards for less than it would cost
tho farmer who owns a fow trees. It
somo rcllnblo porson can bo found to
do this and do it on tlmo by all moans
securo him and pay tho prico without
grumbling. Hut fow can command
such service and must do tho work
for themselves, if it is dono at all.
Tho outfit need consist only of a good
brass pump with barrel, 25 foot oi
hose, a good eight or ton-foot cxten
slon rod und ono or moro standard
nozzles, tho whole costing from $20 to
$25, which is only u fraction of the
equipment needed to grow other crops.
WATER BRINGS OUT ALKALI
First Step Is to Treat the Soil with
Gypoum, which Will Change
Soda to Sulphate.
Water brings alkali to the surface
whorovor irrigation is practiced and
water will tako It put. Thoro aro two
kinds ot alkali the sulphate of so
dium nnd tho carbonate of sodium.
Tho first is called white alkali and
the second black alkali. Tho latter
Is much moro dlfllcult to wash out
than tho white kind. Tho first step
will bo to treat tho soil with gypsum,
which, being tho sulphate of calcium
or llmo, will change tho soda In tho
soil to n sulphate nnd then it enn bo
washed out. After trees aro once
well established thoro is not likely to
bo any troublo from alkali and espe
cially Is this so It the soil Is well
drained nnd the soda is tho white kind
or is changed to tho white nlkall by
tho use of gypsum. When n field of
low land Is badly affected with alka
lino salts It may bo necossary to put
in n system ot open drains. A tiling
system Is still better nnd should be
laid three and one-halt feet deep a
distance of GO foot apart or so.
Qualifications of a Hired Man.
Thero aro grent differences in tho
qualifications of tho hired man. Ono
is worth all and moro than ho re
ceives, while nnothor who Is apparent
ly equally Intelligent Is not worth any
thing and the employer 1b a loser in
the long mn by having him nround.
Tho best hired man is ono who is in
teiiigent nnu active, a good ono
should recelvo tho best ot treatment
from his employer and should never
tiro of what is to bo done on tho
ranch, regardless at tho lateness ot
tho hour or tho Inclemency of tho
weather, if loss is likely to accruo In
case ho should fall to work at that
particular tlmo.
Irrigating a Few Acres.
Thoro aro many places whore It is
easily practicable to Irrigate a fow
acres, and thoso acres will produce
moro than enough to repay tho cost
tho first year, Now Is tho tlmo to. pro
paro to irrlgato next year. If no moro
than a small garden may bo Irrigated,
this should bo done, With soil made
rich nnd plenty or water, nnd utilized
fully, most peoplo will bo surprised
nt the results. Thoro may be n suc
cession of crops on tho sumo soil. A
kitchen garden may bo irrigated from
a well.
Milking Experiments.
Experiments in developing a milk
lng strain ot shorthorn cattle havo
boon begun by the dairy division of
tho United States department of ngrl
culturo, in co-oporation with tho Min
nesota experiment Btatlou and with
nlno Mlnnosota brooders, the latter
having ngreod to nllow their herds to
bo used to manage thorn according to
tho Instructions of tho dopurtmont
ISabinet I
IIH truest homes are often in
bouses not especially well kept,
where tlm comfort and happiness of the
family, rather than extreme tidiness and
the preservation of the furniture aro first
consulted, Tho object ot the homo Is to
be the center, tho pivot on which the
family life turns, Tho first requisite Is
to make It so attractive that none of Its
members shall care to linger Ions outside
Its limits."
The Luncheon Basket for School
Children.
For tho children who carry luncheon
to school tho mother who proparea the
food remembers that it muBt be
wholesome Good bread and butter
spread with a little Jelly is a lunch
con in itself, good enough for anybody.
Ciiildrcn cut the sweet tooth early,
nnd it always delights them to find a
surprise In a cake or a pleco ot can
dy. Tho troublo with most children is
that they will eat tho sweets and Ig
nore tho moro substantial broad and
butter.
Tho more dainty and attractively
put up, tho greater doslro tho child
will havo to partake. A good plan
when sweets nro added to the lunch
eon is to put them in tho bottom of
tho basket Dates and figs aro whole
somo Bwoets, much bettor for Uttlo
pcoplo than candy.
Wholo wheat bread is tho best to bo
tisod. A cup custard and nn npplo will
make a luncheon sufficiently substan
tial for n noontimo meal. Tho health
of tho child should of course be con
sidered. If it lacks vitality, moro nu
tritious foods should bo added. A
chopped nut sandwich mado of Bra
zil nuts spread on buttered whole
wheat broad is very nutritious, or
chopped hard cooked eggs spread thick
ly between buttered bread and a Uttlo
cup ot rlco pudding will mako a most
satisfactory luncheon.
When cake is glvon, lot It bo sponge,
nngol food or sunshine cako. It Is hot
ter to add a few small pieces of can
dy for dessort, for an occasional
change, nnd do without cake ontlroly.
A bottlo of milk or cocoa may be
put into tho baekot it ay liquid food
Is desired, although a drink of water
after the meul Is sufficiently satisfying
to most children, especially it thoy
have fruit in the lunch basket.
A baked applo and a Uttlo molded
Jolly may bo used occasionally, a sweet
orango, a bunch of grnpes or an un
cooked applo aro always delightful ad
ditions to a lunch basket.
III GOOD, Kigantto smile o' tho
brown old earth,
This autumn morning! How he sets his
bones
To bask 1' tho sun and thrusts out knees
nnd feet.
For the ripple to run over In Its mirth;
Listening tho while, when on tho heap ot
stones
Tho white breast of the sea-lark twitters
sweet."
Browning.
Desserts.
A tew recipes for dessorts that are
easy to mako and may be prepared in
a short timo. tho wlso hostess will
have at hand where thoy may bo
quickly found. A fruit salad with
crackers is always a delicious dessert,
a pleco ot cako and a dtsh of canned
fruit or prcsorvos is another easy to
eorve, and almost always ready. It
not cake, then cookies will bo fully as
good. A very dainty dessert and ex
tremely attractivo In nppearanco is
ono mado of marBhmallows quartered
by cutting with tho shours. Stir a
sufficient number Into sweetened, fla
vored whlppod cream and sprinkle
with blnnched, shredded almonds. It
ono cares to havo It moro elaborate,
maraschino cherries mako a protty
garnish, or both tho nuts and cherries
may be omitted. Flavor with almond
when using tho nuts.
A dainty Uttlo wnfor to servo with
a fruit salad as a dessert or for after
noon tea, is mado by using boiled
frosting with a tablespoonful each ot
steamed raisins and chopped nuts,
stirred into it. Drop in tho confer ot
tho round, salted wafers and Bet nway
to dry or heat quickly In tho oven.
A favorite dessert which Is easily
and quickly made, is n gingerbread
baked in gom puns, and served with
whlppod cream.
Stuffed dates is another nlco des
sert. Thoy may bo stuffod with nuts,
cream cheeso, or simply may be con
fection stuffed with fondant.
Ono ot tho simplest ot steamed pud
dings which will bo cooked in 1G min
utes is mado of a cupful ot flour, a
teaspoonful ot baking powdor, a little
salt and rich mill; enough to mako a
drop batter. Tut fruit In greasod cups
and add the batter, allowing for the
swelling ot tho dough. Steam without
uncovering 15 minutes. Serve with
cream or fruit sauco.
Generalities.
Use the ploces ot old lace curtain
mado into bags to put lettuce in aft
or washing, to drain. Tho bag with
tho lottuco cau be put Into tho lco
chost.
Another good way to uso up old cur
tains is to mako bags to uso when
washing small things, like collars and
dollies that are apt to bo lost. Pin
tho bags on tho lino, holding tho small
things,
HE truest homes are often In I
O WATCH the corn to grow and
the bloFsoms set: to draw
hnrd breath over plow and spado; to read,
to think, to love, to hope, to pruy these
are tho things that make men happy;
they have always had the power to do
this and always will. The world's pros
perity or adversity depends upon our
knowing and doing these things." Ilus
kin. Tho Emergency Closet
Wo read with a great deal of in
terest ot tho housowlfo who Is sud
denly submerged with unexpected
compnny and has nothing to begin a
meal with but cold chicken and pota
toes. "Fortunate woman," we hoar
somo ono say, that she had those, for
often tho flour barrel is tho only re
source for many an unfortunate, im
provident housekeeper.
Ono of tho most satisfying posses
sions for the household 1b the emer
gency closet that holds cholco things
in can and package, reserved for just
such occasions. Let there bo salmon,
sardines and olives, peas, boons, corn,
macaroni and tomatoes, with pickles
and proscrves; a fow boxes of crack
ers, cookios and gelatine; chocolate,
cocoa and any number of little choice
things thnt nro favorites in tho fam
ily. Renew as used, and ono will al
ways havo the feeling of security,
como who will.
A soup of tomnto and milk with sea
sonings Is always good. A can ot sal
mon, heated and served in tho center
of a platter with rlced, seasoned po
tatoes scrvod around It, and around
tho potato a thick white sauce, makes
a delicious hot main dish. A gelatine
dessert If ono has tho timo to wait for
it, served with cream, is easily pro-
pared, or prosenroa with cookies will
mako a sufficiently satisfying dessert
Tho accessories of olives, pickles or
cheeso will make a most attractivo
meal.
Chestnut Soup.
Blanch chestnuts by cutting a silt
in tho sldo with a sharp knife, then
put Into a hot frying pan with a bit of
fat, stirring until they burst Doll tho
blanched nuts in salted water until
soft, then put through a sieve, add
rich milk and bind with two table
spoonfuls each of butter and flour that
have been well blended. Uso a cup
of nut meats to a quart ot milk. Beat
an egg and pour tho hot soup over it
slowly in tho tureen.
OU may not bo able to do tho
work of some othor woman,
but you can do your own work, and that
Is nil that is reauireu.
"If wo worry wo do not trust, and It
wo trust wo do not worry."
"Worry Is hope turned wronK side out.
Somo Apple Hints.
Tho Juicy queen ot fruits is not at
ways easy to reach in prico, so wo
wisely learn to uso tho small ones in
a variety of ways that none may bo
wasted. Ono of tho nicest ways of
preparing npplo sauco is to wash the
fruit and remove all spots, cut into
qunrterB and core, leaving on tho skin
whero so much of tho flavor lies.
Put Into n stono dish, cover well
nnd bake slowly, uddlng a Uttlo wa
ter when first put In, and BUgar after
thoy have become soft. Apples may
be used this way that are too Imper
feet for ordinary use.
When ono wants somothlng cspoclal
ly dainty, coro tho apples without
peeling, then flu tho centers with bu
gar and chopped nuts. Bako until
tender in a sugar and water syrup.
Another very attractive way of serv
lng nlco apples Is to coro them, then
poel, ub they aro liable to crack when
cored It tho peeling has been removed
first. Stow In a sugar syrup until thoy
aro easily plorccd; rcmovo and stick
blanched nlmonds all over them. Fill
tho centers with sugar, pour around
the boiled syrup and bake until well
dono. Sprlnklo with powdered sugar
and servo with sweotcnod whipped
cream.
The confers may bo filled with tho
chopped nuts if desired. A more daln
ty or delicious dessort It will bo hard
to find.
It you should wnnt to mold applo
sauce, uso two tablespoontuls of tnpl
oca eoaked until soft nnd stirred In
to a quart ot applo sauce. Strain and
mold. This will bo found as good as
golatlno and much loss expenslvo
which appeals to a largo majority ot
our housekeepers.
AppleB are such n fftvorlto fruit that
tho dumpling, bird's nest pudding and
tho applo plo are always cherished
desserts in many homes.
A nlco way to prepare a baked
dumpling is to mako a rich biscuit
dough, roll it out and wrap a cored
pared and peeled applo in it, filling the
center with sugar and pinching ur
tho dough on top to keop tho steam in
whon baking. They will buke, leavlnp
tho dumpung round and shapely llk(
the npplo.
Spots ot all kinds aro much hard
or to got out If they aro allowed to re
main, A frosh Bpot may often bo near
ly romovod at onco by wiping qulckl
with a napkin,
For Little
Bobbing curls, dancing on tho head
of childhood, arranged or disarranged,
nppcal with an unending charm. It Is
only latoly that tho most gifted hair
dressers havo revealed to us all tho
fascination of Curly Locks, as quaint
ly arranged for the Uttlo fostival oc
casions of children.
As in many late coiffures for grown-
upB, tho hair la cut In a light, grace
ful fringo across tho forehead, writes
Julia Bottomloy In Tho Illustrated
Milliner. For tho Uttlo girl tho re
mainder of tho hair is "frizzed" lu the
quaint old-fashioned way, half its
length. This is accomplished with
curling Irons or by dampening tho
hair and braiding it in aoveral tight
braldahalf ite length, and allowing it
to dry. Tho crimping necessary may
bo very satisfactorily dono on crimp
lng pins, but thoy aro not always com
fortable. This protty coiffure is lovely oven
without tho addition of pretty furbe
lows. But tho placing ot tho ribbon
band nnd buoyant bow ns shown in
tho picture is an immensely nttractivo
finish and takes tho colffuro out ot
the simply childish class into tho high
art rank. The folded ribbon holds
two short curls to tho front nnd in
every way adds brilliance to tho do
slgn. For an older girl, nnd for grown-
OF LIE-DE-VIN FACE CLOTH.
Complete Costume with Some New
and Attractive Points of Orna
mentation. Lle-do-vln face-cloth is chosen here,
the plaited skirt has Hussla braid ar
ranged in a wavy pattern ns trimming
at tho foot, buttons aro also put on.
Tho coat has the braid put on to
match from tho shoulder downward,
but round tho lower edge the pattorn
Is much deoper. Tho right-hand sldo
of front is cut In tabs and fastens',
over a waistcoat of black velvet; the
collar and cuffs aro partly mado of
sarao, whtlo tho other part Is cloth
braided at tho edges.
Hat of black beavor, trimmed with
feathers and silk.
Materials required: Seven yards
cloth 48 inches wide, ono yard velvet,
throe dozen yards Russia braid, two
dozen buttons, 4 yards silk for coat
lining.
Everything Beaded.
Large pieces ot beading aro used on
gowns and wraps, gloves and opera
bags and oven stockings. Tho woman
who has lelsuro can amuse herself by
making designs in beads. She cau
buy the latter in large boxoa of all
colors at umaU prices.
Curly Locks
' ' lll
tips (on tho drossiest of occasions),
tho socond colffuro is prcsontod.
This colffuro is an arrangement ot
curls pinned down to tho head, in fact
a mass of puffs with ono end free. The
hair is cut in a light fringe across tho
forehead and slightly curled. A por
tion is parted off and tied at tho
crown of tho head, whero It Is twisted
into n knot nnd pinned down to sup
port tho curls. Tho remainder of the
hair is parted oft in sections and ap
parently tied near the head. Each sen
arate mass is then again parted into
strands and curled. Tho mass ot big,
short culrs only needs then to be ar
ranged becomingly. They aro placed
with careful attention to apparent
careless irregularity all over tho back
of tho head. Little clusters of "cork
screw" curls aro grouped at each Bide,
whero they appear to bo held in placo
by n Uttlo Jeweled ornament set with
pearly Two Btrands of pearls strung
on wire extend across tho head to tho
other ornament at tho right Bldo of
tho head. Narrow bands of velvet or
satin ribbon might bo used. An orna
ment of some description is essential
to this colffuro.
Tho Uttlo cork-screw curls at tho
sldo aro made by separating fuller
curls into strands, parting them off
with tho fingers. Coiffures by cour
tesy of E. Burnham, Chicago.
HAIR MUST BE DRESSED FLAT
That Is Really the Most Important
roint or the coiffure a la
Clrcasslenne.
Tho flat halrdresslnc now worn in
America is called tho colffuro a la Clr
cassienno. This particular kind of ar
rangement has as many names at
tached to it as tho modern turban.
Thero seems no end to these. Mop,
Sans Gono, Brittany, Moyen-Ago, tur
ban, nro among somo of tho first that
greeted tho coiffure. This much may
bo said of It; thero are moro ways
of doing it than thero are namoa
for it
Tho requisito thing Is to havo it
flat. How ono manages UiIb Is one's
own secret.
No three hnirdroBsers do it alike.
Tho hair may bo loosely braldod
and wound around tho head, or it may
bo twisted into a ropo nnd placed
from napo of neck to forehead In
aa near a clrclo as tho head will
permit.
Again, it is arranged in n long puff
cap in tho mlddlo of tho head and
luxurious ropes or braids of hair are
wound around this.
No hairpin must show except tho
four huge shell oiicb that aro to hold
tho colls In placo. Thero Is no per
ceptlble pompadour and the extrem
ists nro endenvorlng to mako tho ears
Imperceptible.
For Your Party Bouquet.
The stems of party flowers will not
Injure tho delicate party frock if they
bo Incased In a Uttlo tube-like cover,
mado for tho purpose, of oil silk.
These covers havo been mndo of
chamois, but that 1b not Impervious to
water and tho tinfoil In which stems
usually are wrapped will Itself maka
a discoloration on tho gown.
Tho pinning on, too, will often tear
and pull tho soft fabric and this may
bo partially obviated by tying tho
stems with a ribbon greon, like the
leaves, If you do not want It to show
nnd pinning several ot tho Ioopb un
der tho folds of tho trimming.
Shadow Lace.
This Is now nnd, bocnuso of Its un
obtrusive patterns, can be used in
groat quantities without fear of over
decoration. The pattern is woven in such a way
that an uncertain shadowy effect is
produced. It Is especially lovoly in
black and cream. The black shadow
lace Is used over tho black net and a
whlto satin undorsllp. The cream la
effcctlvo over palo tints in evening
gowns.
Suede Gloves In Fashion.
Smart women seem to have laid
nsldo tho white glace glove in cam
phor. Sucdo ts tho thing, It is worn
for street in Its heavy texture, with
wldo stitching on the back, and las
worn in tho evening In tho pale gold
en tones that are very becoming to
the arm and hands.
