SILO IS PERMANENT
m zzzrW&miPmtotim
FACTOR IN HUSBANDRY
-IWiVOR'TWWE
mm
T THIS son8on or tho yonr nnruiy u
trnln leaven nny of tho railroad sta
tions of n great city but what It boars
half a dozon enthusiastic BportBinoii
In Boarch of tho thrlllu to bo found
only In tho woods of tho far north and
northwest. Thoiuands of dollarH arc
spent for tho purpoao of securing a chance to
nlioot an antleord buck as hu roanm over his nn
tlvo heath, Preparations for Uiobo trips arc mado
long In advnnco. Ah an old friend said ono tlmo
about fox hunting, "Half the fun In tho sport Is
Betting roady, bucking to tho moot nnd tho long
ride home with plenty of Bood tobacco." So aro
tho days npont on tho trail, BottlnB Into tho big
game country, nearly always from 90 to 200 miles
from tho end of tho railroad.
1
didn't cross the dlvldo be- ?-Klli((l(f 0 mEfflziillk
foro the snow came, we V. CYLfeWfcllpW f WJwWVBP
never would. Thoroforo t-" y3 Sty&Wi 'i J'sZSZ. Mbm&.
wo planned to start tho CsW MltWW M?W
followliiB morning, but " . rwtl 'llW" $WiNM
when morning camo wo . f,JJ J'iH "mMM Ywfil
found our tout entirely ll fflBff
covered with drifted snow, 8f SJ llllf ''flBil
and Tho' air "fill' of blind- JiJfxs WW MMfflWi
,n lit Cwas"a hanl' tank to '' MntWIm
catch 17 horses nnd po- - W-Vjl SMw'wmwm
nles nnd pack thorn In S.J yfMgM
on the go, while tho cold SsZ j"
kLfc
Time Not Far Distant When Stock Rnlsers nr. wen aq
Dairymen Will Depend on It Entirely lor
Feed-By Prof. A. S. Glover.
Showing How to Start Silo on Foundation.
It Is moro than a quarter of a cen
tury slnco tho American farmer be
gan to can Bonio of his green crops In
n vessel, called a silo. There has been
much written and a great deal of ex
perimenting dono to provo tho feasi
bility of preserving some of our green
food In this tnnnnor. Thcro Is no
longer nny question that this method
is ono of tho best as well as tho
cheapest wayn we havo of otorlng
Bomo of our green crops.
In the beginning man; Ill-construct
ed silos were built and extravagant
claims woro mado for their uso. In
many Instances tho Bllago was very
poor In quality, which led many
thoughtful and conservatives people to
condemn tho silo.
Slnco wo havo learned to till them
properly tho prcjudlco and suspicion
aro fast disappearing nnd silos aro
being built In every part of tho coun
try where livestock Is kept Tho silo
has becomo a pcrmnncnt factor In
Amorican husbandry and tho stock
raisers, as well as tho dairymen, will
depend largely on tho contents of tho
silo for green feed.
Tho progressive dairymen havo long
realized tho valuo of succulent food
for their cows, and they havo been
using silos for many years. It Is tho
moro conservative farmers who aro
now rapidly becoming converted to
tho use of silago and are making In
qulrics in regard to tho building of
silos and many other questions per
taining to this method of preserving
feed. Thcso questions havo led tho
writer to proparo thcso notes on tho
silo and sllngc.
It .s a settled question that tho silo
snould bo built round, for in a build
lnj of this shapo tho silago is best pre
served. In a round structure tho con
tents settle moro evenly than in any
other shaped building, and if tho corn
is properly put Into tho silo tho ma
After making camp in tho opon along tho Yellowstono
rlvor on ono of thcso nights, Bupper being over, and
Thompson, our guldo, starting ono of his Indian tales with
Gen. Miles nnd hlmcolf as tho heroes, two cow punchers
rodo up with n pack horso and asked if wo objected to
them making camp with us, saying several othora woro
coming later w,Ith Rome cattlo. Sovornl others did come
and with thorn G.00O head of cnttle, bo wo Hlopt with tho
hord surrounding us on all sides; boiuo grazing, whllo
others would stand over ono nnd look at tho lire, whllo the
cowboys woro continually riding around tho hord to kcop
tab on tho strngglors.
Iiy breakfast tlmo all woro gono and our party was
also In tho saddle by six o'clock, making for tho gntuo
country.
After throo moro duys of traveling wo made camp near
tho foot of snddlo mountain, on Unnnock lako and about
1C miles from tho national park line, n lino nt
times quite hard to discover, as It may run from
tho top of ono mountain to a bronze pinto In a
rock some 3lv or eight miles away.
After resting a dny In camp wo stnrted for
tho hunting ground with Thompson and had
gono only a couple of miles when wo came to
sumo fresh elk trnckB, which wo followed can
tlouuly for some tlmo, until wo could see far
bolow us in n park (a umnll clearing with long
grass, on which elk aro fond of feeding), a small
band of oik, threu bulls and six cows. Clotting
within rango noiselessly was no easy matter, ow
ing to tho dry condition of tho forests, but after
tin exciting crawl on hands and knees, wo found
ourBolvon within about a hundred yards and un
cecii by tho elk. I picked my bull and took a
uhot for the near shoulder, whllo my guldo Bhot
tho next largest; both bulls dropped, but miuo
was up an off again Immediately, following In the
rear of tho herd ns best ho could with a broken
shoulder and a bullet In his lungs. Ho was going
slowly und easy to follow and another shot somo
COO yards further on, In very donso timber, ended
his roving enroor. Tho romnlndor of that day
was spent in skinning and cutting up tho meat
and bunging It high above the ground, out of
reach of prowling nulinnls at night. For dtnuor
that evening wo had elk's liver and steak and
quito n celebration over our early bucccsb. Pack
ing tho meat, hides ami hoads back to camp con
sumed the next day and kept tho three of us
busy.
As my companions from tho east shot a lino
bull several days later on, wo took a rest from
hunting and dovoted somo tlmo to fishing. Trout
rose well, so all wero satlslled and on returning
to camp on ono of thcso days I had a quick shot
from my pony at a coyoto that was galloping
across tho brow of tho hill. It always seemed to
mo to havo been moro good luck than good
marksmanship, for Uiobo little things aro always
hard to hit, but his skin now lies over the back
of a chair boforo my ilroplace.
After hunting without any luck for perhaps
n week, wo llnally camo on boiuo rather fresh
Hhcep tracks and decided Immediately to go after
them. It was qulto tho hurdoBt climbing and
liuntlug I over did without any bucccsb, but wo
followed them for three days and at times must
liavo beon within a couple of hundred yards of
them, although wo novor had a Bhot.
Menacing clouds had been gnthorlng for boiuo
dnyB, with lltlo snow llurrlos, and Thompson snid
u good doal about getting back to the ranch,
which was a two days' trip, and aB ho cald It wo
jVe followed them for three day a
mnde tho train hard to nmnngo and keep In lino;
ono pony especially tried to buck tho oik head off
that was packed on him. lie did mnnngo to get
it twisted around so thu prongs of the antlers
stuck lil m In thu sldo, and such capers as ho cut
then I havo never seen, besides delaying the out
lit for nearly an hour. Tho dlvldo had to bo
croBHed by daylight, but on reaching It a dense
fog Bettlcd over tho wholo country, which, addeil
to tho snow, mado It Impossible to see moro thnu
10 feet In front of one. Thompson, ns usual, led
the train, and aftor going on tho narrow rldgo
that formed tho divide, stopped fo call and seo if
all wero following, when there was a great scram
bling nnd crashing of branches and one of tho
horses disappeared over tho precipice, which was
anywhere from HOO to a thousand feet deep on
either side and only about 30 feet on top. After
counting noses wo found ho was an unruly fellow
thnt wo had not been able to pack, but was fol
lowing tho others all right until ho started to do
a llttlo reconnoltorlug on his owu, account. Un
doubtedly he wns dead long before ho reached
the bottom of tho precipice, so wo felt our way
along very cautiously and anxiously until sud
denly the cloud wo wero In lifted, when tho go
ing was moderately fair until we mado camp for
tho night, nil very thankful that wo had not
encountered moro Borlous disaster.
Later, several short excisions wero made
from the rnnehhousu, on one of which I shot
n good blacktall deor, and another tlmo a young
bull elk, with only splkos. The blacktall was
standing In tho snow with three does, sheltered
behind a clump of scrub pines, and ho had evi
dently seen mo first, for I wns then attracted by ,
the does running off. I took n quick shot nnd tho
buck mado a tremoudous leap of at least 30 foot,
but it was his last, as my first soft-nosed bullet
had mushrooiuod considerably on going through
tho Hhouldor and completely torn his lungs away.
Tho splko elk was much harder to kill, or our
marksmanship wns poor, owing ' to our having
to run across a valley and up tho side of a moun
tain to head him off. At nny rato It took four
of my guide's 45-70's and throo of my 30-30 bal
lots to bring htm down. Evpry bnll had hit him,
but none in a vital spot until the last.
Sago hen shooting and coursing Jack rabbits
with a greyhound nnd a colllo dog offer good
sport for tho hunter hi this country.
no good opinion of anything, nnd especially
of anyono who had a good opinion of him
self. Tho squire had novcr hoard of his
visitor till ho called and ho was a poor
hand at remembering names, but ho was an
expert In human measurements. Tho
young lnyor proceeded promptly to say
what ho had to Bay, tho squlro listening, but watch
ing. Presently ho thought It was tlmo for him to
say something.
"Hold on, Mr. McCIphor." ho began.
"My nnmo Is McNaught," tho lawyer stiffly cor
rected him.
"Excuse me, excuse me," apologized tho squlro
and finished his remarks.
It was not long until tho squlro again felt called
upon to speak.
"Well, now, Mr. McZero." ho started In.
"I said my nanio was McNaught," tho lawyer In
terrupted sharply.
Again tho squlro apologized, apologized pro-
fuBely, and tho lawyer concluded his consultation.
Ilo was not feeling very kindly toward tho squlro.
but ho thought It wise not to manifest his feel
ings and said goodby with a fair degreo of po
liteness.
"Ooodby, Mr. McNothlng." said the squlro as In
nocent as a lamb, and as tho visitor walked pom
pously out of the olllco tho squire chuckled.
to havo moro material to feed It Is
better to build two small receptacles
than ono Inrger than 20 feet In di
ameter. It Involves considerable moro
labor to handle silago In a very largo
structure than In ono of rcnsbnablo
slzo. Many fnrmora profcr to havo
two alios. They feed from one during
tho winter nnd havo the contents of
the other for midsummer's feeding.
Tho silo should never be built In
tho bnrn. Sllngo Is moro or less a
fermented product and must bo fed
with care, othorwlso the milk may bo
come tnlnted by Its use. llama that
contnln n silago always boar tho odor
of tho silage, and thin should bo avoid
ed If hlgh-grndo milk Is to be pro
duced. A circular foundation of stone, brick
or grout In constructed from two to
three feet nbovo tho ground to protect
tho timbers from moisture. The wall
Is built from 11 to 20 Inches thick, de
pending upon tho nature of tho soil
and tho slzo of tho silo to bo built.
Tho top of tho wnll Bhould be beveled
outward, which permits tho water to'
flow nwny very quickly from tho base
of tho building.
SOY BEANS
A GOOD CROP
Ilosra Talto Very Kindly to Thin
Plant und Cat Ucuno Rcudlly
Flcoli Formor-Dy Prof.
XI. A. Moore.
PINEAPPLE AS A CURATIVE.
It has long beon known that tho pineapple Is
ono of tho healthiest of fruits, but Its roal medic!
nnl qualities probably havo never boon realized, in
Hawaii experiments have boon made to detcrnilno
something of thoso properties. It hna beon found
that tho fruit of tho plneapplo contains a dlgostlvo
prlnclplo closely resembling pepsin In Its action,
and to this is probably duo the benullelnl resuits
of tho uso of tho fruit In cortaln forms of dyspep-
Bla. On tho casein of milk plneapplo Julco nets
as a digestive in almost tho samo manner as ron-
not, and the action Is also well Illustrated by plac
ing a thin piece of uncooked beof botwoen two
slices of fresh pineapple, whero In tho courso of a
few hours Its character Is completely changed,
In diphtheritic sore throat and croup pinoapplo
Julco has como to bo very largely rolled upon In
countries whero tho fruit Is common. Tho fulso
mombranes which cnuso tho closing of tho throat
semn to be dissolved by tho fruit acids nnd relief
Is almost Immediate.
Inside Celling.
tcrlal is nearly as good next to the
wall as It Is In tho center.
It 13 not always so with the Bquaro
structure tho silago In tho comers
of a square building is apt to bo very
poor in quality and often unfit for
feed.
Slnco tho round building is tho best
form to construct tho next question
to consider Is what kind of n round
silo should bo built? Tho stnvo silo,
which Is manufactured by a number of
firms, makes a very satisfactory build
ing nnd ono that lasts for many years.
Farmers who have built tho stave silos
aro well pleased with thorn.
It should ho borne In mind thnt n
silo Is nothing moro or loss than a
largo alr-tlght vessel in which feed Is
'canned" for futuro uso. Tho slzo of
tho silo depends upon the nunibor of
animals that aro to bo fed from It.
In tho main It should he tall nnd
slim. It is difficult to build a silo ton
high, but it Is easy to build It too largo
In diameter. The dlamotor should bo
of that size to allow at least a two
Inch layer of Bllago to bo fed each day
from tho top surface. If tho sllngo In
exposed too long to tho nlr It will
spoil, tho samu as canned fruit or
vegetables. Tho avorago feed of si
lage Is about 40 pounds n day and the
silo for winter feeding should hold
enough to feed tho stock for 200 days.
Tho following table gives tho di
mensions the alio should bo built for
a given number of animals nnd tho
number of days that It will foed thorn;
It also gives tho approximate capacity
of each slzo and tho avorago number
of acres of corn It will take to till tho
Bllo:
Soy beans wero first grown at thcr
Wisconsin experiment station In 1899,
and each year since tho acreage and
tho number of varieties tested havo
been Increased.
The tests at this station have been
mndo for the purposo of determining'
their value as a forago plant nnd of
riding out which varieties, If any,
wero adapted to our soli and climate
Twenty-nino varieties havo been on.
trial. Of theso tho Michigan green
seems especially adapted to bo growu
with corn for silago. This Is a me
dium early variety and is noted for
Its height nnd great growth of foliage
Tho stems nro strong and It usually
stands erect so that it can bo harvest
ed nicely with tho corn binder, or 1C
grown nlono can bo cut to advantage
with a mower.
If grown for seed or pasturo pur;
poses tho soy benn should bo sown lnl
drills about 30 inches apart. Where
a 3mnll acreage Is desired a hand drill
can bo used, but where a largo quan
tity Is planted a grain drill enn bo
used by stopping somo of tho Inter
vening spouts so ns to havo tho soy
beans the proper distance apart.
A corn planter can bo used to ad
vantage nnd tho seed sown tho usual
distanco allowed for corn, or by
doubling put thorn one-half tho dis
tanco apart.
Whoro tho greater distanco Is nl
lowed between tho rows tho seed
should be sown nbout twice as thlclc
In tho row.
If tho desire is to cut for hay, sow
broadcast with Boeder or by hand.
Where sown in drills about one-half
bushel of seed should bo used por
aero, and if sown broadcast about one
bushel. Tho soy bean can bo harvested to
advantngc by being pastured off with,
hogs and it seems that this will bo
ono of Its principal uses in tho futuro,.
as it Is high in protciu and a great
llcsh former.
Hogs tako very kindly to this plant
and eat tho beans readily. Ily plant
ing a few acres of tho early varieties
each year a farmer can not only ro
new tho fertility of tho soil, but havo
an nbundnnce of foed for fitting his.
hogs for tho fall market.
Concrete Buildings In China.
Tho construction of houses and walls of con
crete In China was Instituted several centurlos
ngo, and Is peculiarly common and oxtouslvo In
Swntow, whoro It originated In the building of a
chapol by a French priest. Tho absence of any
brick structures or walls gives ample proof of tho
stability of thu concrete
Number of nnlmala
to bo reii ironi
tlio alio for In.
"flu iliiva. ill a.
M to 26 U
to UO 15
30 to X iu
35 to 40 17
40 to 43 IS
tA to CO 19
CO to 70 20
Height, corn
Approxt
Number irmtu
uoroa cupaoity,
2S
30
32
34
X
40
S to 9
9 to 10
11 to 12
12 to li
15 to IT
IS to 20
23 to 25
tOUH
10
n;.
145
175
200
2S0
Cleanliness In Dairy.
No matter what tlmo of tho year
It Is, too much cannot bo said In favor
of cleanliness In the dairy. Many por
601)3 think that In summer tlmo when:
tho cows do not sleep In tho filthy
lot It Is not necessary to wash tho
udder before each milking. This Is a.
mistaken Idon.
A silo should nover bo uum over
20 feet In diameter. If It Is necossary
Pasturing Hogs on Alfalfa.
In pasturing hogs on alfalfa It fs
better to provldo moro pasturage than
tho hogs need. Then cut what Is left
for hay, Just as though It hnd not
boon used for pasture. Cutting gives
It n fresh start, and tho Held produeo.i
moro pasturo than It would If theso
patches wero allowed to mature.
Time for Churning.
Aftor cream bocomos sour tho mora
rlponlns tho more It doproclnte3. Tho
bust tlmo for churning Is Just before
acidity bocomos apparent.