PROFITABLE TRUCK FARMING
IT5
IN ATLANTIC COAST STATES
IN THE LIMELIGHT
Besides tho Staple Market-Garden Crops Grown, There Are
Many Others Which Are Peculiar" to Certain
Localities and Climate.
VISITOR FROM JAPAN
L
I ' ' '
VIco Admiral Unroii Sotoktcht Urlu, chief or
staff of Ihe Jnpnneso navy, who Is now visiting In
this country, Is a distinguished veteran of the
wars between Japan and China and Russia. He
was trained In the United States Naval academy
at Annapolis, as ono of the 15 students permitted
to study thero as nn act of International courtesy
His student years were from 1877 to 1881, nnd ho
I Is remembered by practically all who wero at tho
academy during that time.
At the ago of 52, Urlu Is ono of tho 13 vlco ad
mirals of his country. Ills friends boo nn ad
miral's place for him boforo ho reaches retire
ment. His sorvlco has been continuous In tho
navy slnco 1881. After his graduation from Ann
apolis, In that year, ho wont to Europe, where ho
spent two years, and then returned to Japan to
become a lieutenant in tho Japanese Naval collego at Tokyo. After sorvlco
nfloat on several ships ho was detailed to tho general Btaff department In
1888, and mndo second In command at tho groat Yokosuka dock yard. In
1891 ho was given command of tho Akagl and a year later became naval at
tache at Paris.
For four years ho served at tho French city, and on his return was given
command or n cruiser. In September, 1897, he sailed as captain of tho Fuso,
for servlco on tho coast of tho Husslan possessions in Asia. Ills promotion to
rear admiral occurred in 1900, nnd In tho naval mnnouvors of 1903 ho was
mado chief of staff or tho first division. Lator In tho same year ho was glvon
command or a division or tho second squadron. In tho Chinese war ho com
manded naval rorces at tho battlo of tho Yalu.
With this training Urlu went Into tho wnr with Russia aB a rear admiral,
tliavlng charge of tho fourth squadron of tho Japanese licet. Ills nctlon at
Chemulpo was tho beginning of tho wnr.
In front of Port Arthur tho guns ho commanded did destructive work, and
in tho bnttlo of tho Soa of Japan ho commanded tho light cruisers, undor
Admiral Togo. With tho admiral on tho west, Urlu on the north and Kami
mura on tho south, the Japaneso lleet closed In upon tho Russians, pounding
them to pieces nnd driving them toward tho coast of Japan.
NEW ALASKA GOVERNOR
Walter E. Clark, correspondent In Washing
ton of tho Seattle Post-Intelligencer and a mem
ber of the Now York Sun bureau at Washington,
has been nppolntcd governor of Alnsko. by Presi
dent Taft.
Tho position wns offered to Mr. Clark throo
years ago by President Roosevelt, but nt that
time Mr. Clark wished to remain In tho news
paper Hold. Ho was not an applicant for tho
place this time, but tho president wnntod his
services because, particularly, Mr. Clark is fa
millnr with Alaska. Ho went to tho territory
first In 1900, to wrest a fortune rrom tho gold
fields. He rnlled in that, but acquired such an In
terest' In tho country that ho revisited It in 1903
and In 1900.
Mr. Clark was born In Ashford, Conn.. In 18C9.
graduating from the Connecticut Normal school In 1887 and from Wosloyan
university In 1895. Succeeding graduation, ho entered newspaper work ns
n reporter on tho Hartford Post, coming to Washington in 1895 as telegraph
editor on tho Washington Times.
Gov. Hoggntt wob appointed three years ago, and has, llko all governors
of tho territory, had much trouble. Ho has boon onnosed by factions and
warmly supported by others. He got tired of It all and resigned to entor
privnio business.
REFUSES VICE-PRESIDENCY
Don Enrique C. Creel, tho Mexican dlplomntist
ana governor who has rofusod to be considered as
a candidate for tho vIco-preBldoncy of tho Mex
ican republic becauso ho Is In favor of the re
election of the present incumbent, Is known ns
ono of tho most progressive men of affairs of
his country. Ho Is a bank president, a railroad
vice-president, nnd director in nn insurnnco com
pany. In earlier days ho has been a merchant,
a school teacher, a newspaper man, a tanner, n
rnrmer nnd a miner. Those were tho dayB when
ho was educntlng himself, boforo ho becamo as
wealthy as ho 1b to-day.
Half of Senor Creel's success may be ralrly
claimed by his friends this sldo tho Moxlcnn
boundnry, for his father was a Kontuckinn who
went to Mexico with Gon. Tnylor, stayed, married
a ilusKy bello ana becamo a Mexican by adoption. Tho son hns bocomo an Im
portant figure In Mexican affnirs, having sorvod as governor of Chihuahua,
a member of tho national congress and speaker of tho houso. before ho camo
as ambassador at Washington In 190G. His wife Is tho beautiful daughter or
a leading general in President Jlnz' nrmy, and will somo day como Into a
nunusomo lortuno irom nor ratner. It is considered thnt some dny whon Gen
Diuz shall have Insisted upon retiring from tho presidency, Senor Creel has
an Idea of succeeding to tnnt position.
QUITS AT OSLEFTS AGE LIMIT
Henry E. Huntington hns gradually given up
his business Interests in tho east that ho might
givo niB time to fanning in southern California.
and has left for tho new villa ho Is building nt
UaK Knoll, near Lob Angoles.
Mr. Huntington has purchased many paintings
witnin tno last oight months. Among tho can
vases shipped to tho west woro several by So-
roiia, tno Hpnnisli artist, whoso pictures wero on
exhibition rocontly In Now York under tho nu
spices of tho Hispnnic society. Georgo Romney's
plcturo of tho Morsley children was ono of tho
pictures sent to Oak Knoll.
It Is Mr. Huntington's belief that tho soil and
climate of southern California are capablo of pro
ducing nil sorts of tropical fruits, nnd his tlmo
henceforth will bo dovoted to proving this theory
on his ranch or -180 acres, somo years ago Mr. Huntington determined to re
tiro from nctlvo business when ho was 60 years old, and for moro than a year
ho has been preparing for this retirement by gradually relinquishing tho ac
tlvo management of ono nfter nnothor of his great Intorosts. Tho chief ono
wns tho traction system or Los Angoles and southern California.
BELIEVES WAR A NECESSITY
Bishop Snmuel Fallows, who asserted In a
sermon In a Chicago church that war Is a neces
slty, tho soldier quite as lndisponsablo a porson
as tlio Judgo, lighting a vlrtuo and tho pence nd
vocates mostly mollycoddles, Is ono of tho most
noted churchmen in tho country. Ho Is head of
tho Reformed Episcopal church and It Is notablo
that his Interests He in many and varied fioldB
outsldo his episcopal duties. He has boon nresl
dent of tho board of managers of tho Illinois
stato reformatory for somo yenrs, Is chairman
of tho University association, hair been president
of a university, superintendent or public Instruc
tlon for Wisconsin, sociologist nnd settlement
worker. Ho was a Methodst pronchor for 10
years berore changing to his present religious
homo.
During the civil war Dr. Fallows was n chaplain, colonel nnd brovot
brlgadlor genornl of union troops, lie lias ueen rector or St. Paul's church
lu Chicago since 187C.
PEDRO MIOUEL LOCH. IOOXMG
3ourt.
It is predicted and' hoped in official
circles that tho Panama canal will bo
completed and doing business by not
later than Janunry 15, 1915. Tho only
Item or uncertainty as to tho canal
being ready ror vessels then ts tho
length or tlmo It will roqulro to com
ploto tho big locks. Thoso aro to bo
1.000 root long, 110 root wldo and built
In dupllcnto to provldo ror tho passing
or vessels going In opposlto direc
tions.
Dy this method a sorlcs or locks and
hugo dnms mnny feet nbovo sea lovol
havo to bo constructed, tho purposo
being to olovnto tho largest ocean-go
Ing vessels a height or 85 feet nbovo
sea lovol at ono end of tho canal nnd
permitting them to drop through tho
sections or tho canal, protected nnd
lowerod by tho locks to sen lovol at
the opposlto end or tho cnnnl.
Tho cnnal ns It Is being constructed
hns n width at tho bottom or 300 root
ror 25 por cent or Its length. Firty
per cent of tho length tho width Is
500 to 800 footi and ror tho romnlndcr,
1,000 feet Tho lock3 nro practically
tho samo as thoso In uso In, tho "Soo"
canal, tho latter being almost as largo
as thoso being constructed In tho
Panama cnnnl. Indeed, tho "Soo"
canal has boon constructed to carry
vessels fully as largo as any that will
utlllzo tho Panama cnnnl.
Tho total cost of tho Panama cnnnl,
when comploted, including interest on
monoys as they aro boing expended;
cost of sanitation and government of
tho zono nnd $50,000,000 paid to
Franco by tho United States govern
ment is estimated at $375,000,000
whon finally completod. President
Taft bolloves, and presents facts and
figures to substantiate his belief, that
a sea lovol canal would havo cost ap
proximately $477,000,000 and thon
would not havo been so safo nor expe
ditious In tho carrying of vessels as
tho lock plan.
Ono or tho grentcst difficulties to
havo been confronted In tho construc
tion of a sea lovol canal, wero the
annual frcshota or the Changres river
and tho strenms pouring Into It. It Is
estimated that oven with tho most
elaborato and expensive dam facilities
that It would havo been possible to
construct, nt the period of high water
tho cannl current would havo been at
least threo miles nn hour. Tho only
routo of n sea lovol canal thnt was
completed and submitted for npproval
mado tho turns nnd curvnturcs In the
canal much moro frequent than thoso
la tho Suez cnnnl.' Ily tho experience
of vossels In tho Suez canal It Is es
timated that in a curront of this ve
locity in tho Panama cannl or a sen
love) character, tho danger to the ves
sels would havo been such that com
niorco would havo boon dolnycd a con
siderable portion or tho year. In addi
tion to this would havo been the diffi
culty of tho larger vessels passing
each other whllo In motion. Doing un
able to pass without ono of them stop
ping and tying up would havo been a
constant cause of delay of serious
consoquenco In tho rapid handling or
traffic.
Considerable or tho recent criticism
or tho lock cannl as It is boing pushed
to completion arose as tho result or
tho sliding after an excessively henvy
rain fall of a part of tho bank or tho
Gatun dam. Tho wholo mass that slid
In this way wns not moro than 200
root across, and nothing moro thnu nn
ordinary slide. Similar slides occur
rrequently In tho construction of rail
road banks and similar operations
whoro tho banks nro not properly bal
anced, and do not navo tlio proper
slopo.
Tho material takon out of tho oxen-
vatlon contains a groat deal or clay
which, aB is woll known, Is sllppory.
It Is tho positive statement or Presl
dent Taft, as woll as of tho foremost
engineers enguged In tho work, that
futuro slides of this naturo can bo
provided against.
Tho many public Improvements un
dcrtaken by the Panama government
and tho establishment or new Indus
tries, or which noto Is constantly be
Ing mado, render or significance thu
fact that in tho disbursement of
moneys for 1909, public works and
public Instruction, takon conjointly,
nro apportioned tho highest propor
tion of budget expenditure. For tho
former nenrly $2,000,000 aro appropri
ated and nearly a million and a quar
ter for tho lattor.
According to information furnished
by tho consul general of tho United
Stntos nt Pnnnmn, a spcclnl fenturo of
tlio prosent administration of national
nffnlrs Is tho determination to im-
provo tho harbors and highways of
tho republic and to oporato Btroot car
lines for city trnfllc. .
Tho appointment hns boon mndo of
a chief engineer from tho United
Stntcs who is to report concerning
that section of tho republic lying be
tween tho cnnnl zono and tho Costa
RIcan boundnry, nnd botweon tho Pa
cific ocean nnd tho Caribbean soa. AN
ready a comploto systom of wntor"
works nnd sowerngo hns been Installed
In Pnnnmn and Colon, paving dono and
roads constructed. Schoolhousos nnd
public buildings hnve boon erected or
nro In process of construction lu tho
principal towns, nnd tho government)
la cooperating with tho rcsldeula in
improving spoclnl localities.
Tho steamship company oporntlng
between David nnd Pnnnmn has 11 vo
steamers on tho lino, which Is proving1
n paying Investment. Gold mining In
tho vicinity of tho Pnnnmn consulate?
hns glvon good results nnd thu Snntl-'
ago district has proven of valuo.
One Day's Harvest.
IS A PUZZLE TO SCIENTISTS
Austrian Wise Men at a Loss to Ac
count for Memory Displayed
by Idiot Boy.
An oxtraordlnnry caso of momorv
In n ton-yenr-old boy wan presented'
nt tho last mooting of tho Vienna'
Psychological and Neurologlcnl socP
oty, tho Now York Sun sayB.
Without a moment's hesitation ho
could toll tho day of tho weok of nny
dnto mentioned, nlso tho nnme, dny
ana tno unto or tlio movnblo roasts In
any year. Tin nimwnrnil tmmn,llnnl..t
nnd nccuratoly such questions as
"What day was Juno 14. 1802?"
"When Is Ash Wednesday, 1917?"
"How long Is tho carnival in 19247"!
"Whon In Pnolnn mon?" in.
.-."-! i.vj. i inn iiiiuwurn
wero given without hesitation nnd
woro invnriably correct.
Curiously enough, his rnngo or mom
ory wns bounded sharply by tho years
iuuu and 2000 A. D. Dororo tho first
nnmcd yenr or nfter tho Inst ho know
nothing of tho calendar at nil.
Tho boy in the son of nn nrmy or-
fleer, now dend. Asked how ho could
give so promptly tho dny or tho wool:1
of uny dnto In a thousand yenra ho ro
piled by giving ono of tho existing
formulas for such matters, which ho
nppoared to havo loarned out of tun
uimnnac.
Tho director of tho nsylum whero
the boy Is nh Inmnto snld it wns eusl-
ly ascertained that ho mndo no uso
at all of Buch formulas. Thoso formn
Ins would not nld him In glvlnir dntos
fi 4 1. I . - I
ui uiu muvnuio leasts, and, moreover,
uiey nppiy equally to tho years boforo
ana nrtor 2000 A. D.
It would nppoar that tho
knowledge must bo bnBod In
wny upon momorlzod material.
Tho dovolopment nnd extension of
truck fanning in tho Atlantic coast
stntcs has been coincident with tho
development of trnnspornttlon facili
ties throughout thnt section. Tho
phenomenal growth of thu great con
suming editors of tho country has
stimulated n corresponding growth
nnd extension of tho food-producing
territory, especially of thnt capablo
of producing perishable truck crops.
Transportation facilities, togother
with cheap labor nnd cheap lands at
tho south, havo mado It posslblo to
produco products out of Benson at tho
north In competition with grccuhouso
products.
Tho llrst dovolopmont of truck farm
ing, aB wo now recognize it, n dis
tinguished from market gardening,
took plnco about Norfolk, Va., and
Charleston, S. C. Doth or these plnccs
woro provldod with steamship connec
tions to northern ports boforo rapid
railway transportation boenmo a fea
ture in tho moving of pcrlshablo
products and aB a result of thoso nd
vautanges for reaching tho markets
thoso two ports becamo Important
truck-producing centers for supplying
thu northoru trndo.
Dosldea these advantages, tho pecu
liar geographic formation of tho terri
tory Immediately surrounding Norfolk
given It a winter cllmato characteristic
of sections many miles southward.
Tho fact that tho coast lino of tho
Unltod Stntos at this particular point
Id vcry.,brokcn, togothor with tho prox
imity of tho Gulf stream, gives this
nrona winter cllmato which enables
it to produco somo or tho stnndnrd
and, slnco it Is grown on a vory ex
tensive Bcnlo (sco Fig. 1), It must ho
so distributed as to meet only tho Im
mediate demands of tho markot to
which it Is sent.
At tlio north tho crop 1b of n very
different character, both In variety
and lu tho method of Its cultlvntton.
Tho groat bulk of tho northern-grown
cnbbngo may bo considered nB a
truck-crop fcaturo of tho general farm
ing in sections whero tho industry hns
gained n foothold. Tho cnbbago crop
takcB n regular plnco In tho farm ro-'
tatlon In thoso communities whero tho
Industry has become n pormnnont
fenturo. In Bonto sections it forms tho
chlof monoy crop or tho fall Benson,
ocupying a position similar to thnt
hold by potatoes In other sections.
This great crop Is moasurod by
thousands or acres and millions of
tons. At hnrvest tlmo, in Octobor and
Novombor, It in shipped to thu great
consuming centers in hulk In carload
loU. It 1b stored by thousands or
tons in specially constructed ware
houses, to bo sent out as tho demands
cr tho mnrkot will Justify during tho
winter season. It Is also manufactured
into sauerkraut, which finds Hb way
to tho great cities as rapidly aB thero
hi a demand for It. A .sauerkraut fac
tory with wagoiiB filled with cabbages
Is shown in Fig. 2. '
DosidcB tho ntaplo market-garden
crops of tho north which aro now ex
tensively grown na truck cropa
throughout tho South Atlnntio coast
region, there nro cropa which nro
moro or less peculiar to certain lo
calities. As Illustrations, tho water
I
Wagon with Cabbage at Sauerkraut Factory.
boy's
somo
8oap Tree In Florida.
Sldo by side grow tho Bonn treonnd
the tallow troo. Tho soap tree yields a
product rrom which is manufactured
tlio purest nrtlclo of soap that Is nos-
slulo to bo mado. Indeed, tho nuln nf
hub uorry is n natural Bonn and will
make a Inthcr nlmost llko tho mnnu-
Ir.ctured nrtlclo. Tho soup berry troo
is now creating widespread lntoroBt
and tlio berries nro being imported
irom Aigiors nnd China.
u win pay to plant tho trees nnd
look nfter their cultivation. Tho prod
uct or tno tniiow troo nlso cntors Into'
tho product of soap and tho two to
gether mako a nlco combination, nnd
their cultivation shpuld bo lookod
after by thoso Interested in new In
dustries. Resides soap tho soap ber
ries mako a fine oil, and when tho vir
tues or tho tnllow troo nro fully known.
It mny nlso yield a flno and profitnblo
oil. Tlio young man who now plnnts
out n ton or twonty-ncro orchard of
theso two trees mny drop Into nn easy
lortuno. ucala Danner.
Doth Compatible.
"How Is Palot, tho artist, getting
on 7
Vory woll, Indood. Ho Is making n
buccobs or his specialty In art."
"Why, 1 hoard ho had gono to tho
wall."
"So ho has. Ho Is a mural decora
tor."
garden crops without protection and
many or tho moro tondor cropB with
only slight protection during tho win
ter months. Tho islands off tho coast
or South Carolina, In tho vicinity of
Charleston, nro bo protected by tho
warm currents and by tho atmosphoro
of tho sea that ornngo trees nro grown
successfully in tho open, nnd Iji some
fnvorablo seasons aro known to pro
duco fruit. It Is therefore posslblo to
grow tho hardier truck crops In tho
open nnd tho moro tender oiiob with
very slight protection during tho win-
tor.
Tho advantngoH of the Norfolk re
gion for truck work appealed to a
Jersoyman by tho name of Hugh
Rates, who went to this section about
1840. Naturally ho rollowed tho prac
tices or his homo people or Now Jor
Boy In tho now territory, and, whllo
ho found somo of his precautions un
necessary, his work on thu wholo was
successful. Ho was followed later by
other growers from tho samo terri
tory.
It was not until 30 years later thnt
tho Unit all-rail shipments of truck
woro mudo from thlB territory. Rail
ways hogan carrying tho products
from Norfolk to northern mnrketti In
1885, and from Charleston In 1888.
Tho mothodB employed to ndnpt
cabbago to tho requirements of tho
market and to tho different areas in
tho trucking region nro distinct nnd
each formiJ a chaptor In tho cultural
history or this important truck crop,
For Instanco, at tho south cabbago In
a wlntor crop, soods boing sown dur
ing Soptonibor nnd October, tho plants
transplnntod to tho fluid nt tho begin
ning or winter, nnd kept in a Blowly
growing condition throughout the
colder portion of tlio year, to ho
forced rapidly by tho addition of stim
ulating fertilizers onrly lu tho spring
to supply tho demands of tho market
ns tlio wnrm weather comes on. Tlris
product Is nnturally very soft and
must bo consumed with little dolay;
meloiiH of Gcorgln, tho knlp of Ndrfalk
and tho Bweet potatoes or ouster
Maryland nnd or Now Jersey stand
out proonilnontly. Tho northern
uroaB or tho trucking region nlso nro
characterized by particular crops
udaptod to comparatively restricted
areas.
Loaklng Drains. Faulty junctions
or drain laterals with mains nro tho
eauso of Impeding tho How or water In
tho main, and of lodging silt and final
ly blocking tho drain, snys tho En
gineer Magazine. It Is sometimes best,
when tho lateral hns plenty or fall, to
mako tho Junction two inches above
tho head of tho main. In nny event,
the junction should not bo right
angled, but preferably at an anglo or
30 dogreos. Tho silt basin Is n valu
ablo dovlco In draining; Its uso nnd
Importinieo cannot bo too woll under
stood. It may bo used nt tho Junc
tion or two or moro drains In a lino
or drain, whoro It Is necessary to
chango tho grado from a stoopor to u
Iobb Bteop ono. Tho purpose or the
slit biisln Is to collect silt or mud lu
n part or tho basin bolow tho lino of
tlio, nnd thus provont the silt from
lodging lu tho drain nnd finally block
ing tho How. In form tho basin Is a
Btnall well, 12 to 21 Inches in dlamo
tor, oxtendlng from 12 inches below
tho lino of tlio to tho ground surface,
whero It Is provided with u movnblo
cover to allow occasional clonnlng. it
may bo constructed of brick, stono or
plank.
Liquid Manure. If It bo true, as tho
experiment stntjons seom to provo,
that tho liquid excrement of live stock
contains moro thnu 50 per cunt, of nil
tho fertilizing properties of tho foods
fed, It would Boom to bo especially
Important thnt a campaign bo begun
to Induce stockmen to snvo uud -uso
these liquids. Now England would bo
much moro prosporoun If tills wero
done.